Abstract:
An electrodepositing method and apparatus utilizing a substantially hermetically sealed receptacle for accommodating a workpiece therein. An electrodepositing solution is flooded into the region of a gap between an anode and a cathodic conductive surface on the workpiece to allow the electrodepositing current of a high current density from a power supply to be delivered in the gap to electrodeposit a metal from the solution at least predominantly on a limited area on the workpiece surface juxtaposed with an active electrode face of the anode while permitting gases to be electrolytically produced in the gap and to be collected together with mists of the solution in a sealed room or space in the receptacle. The anode and the workpiece are relatively displaced to allow the active electrode face to sweep in a scanning manner over the workpiece surface to maximize the efficiency and performance of electrodeposition. A suction pump is provided to withdraw, under suction, the gaseous effluent accumulated in the space from the receptacle into an outlet duct.
Abstract:
A method, electrode assembly and apparatus for forming an electrodeposited metallic layer on a wall of a recess in a workpiece and at least on a bottom area in the recess. The electrode assembly comprises an electrodepositing electrode element and a support member so formed as to incorporate the electrode element therein and have a surface contour complementary to a surface contour of the recess in the workpiece. The support comprises a porous mass composed at least in part of an electrically nonconductive material and having abrasive particles distributed therein at least on the contoured surface thereof. In operation, the assembly and the workpiece are positioned to establish a mating engagement of the support member with the recess and a liquid electrolyte is supplied onto the wall of the recess. The electrode assembly is reciprocated to cyclically bring the support member in pressure contact with and away from the surface of the recess while a depositing current is passed between the electrode element and the workpiece at least during a time period in which the support member and the surface of the recess are brought together to uniformly electrodeposit a metal from the liquid electrolyte on the wall and at least on the aforesaid bottom area in the recess.
Abstract:
A method of and an apparatus for making a composite carbon material from a precompact of granular carbons of different kinds or origins. A localized region of the carbon precompact is subjected to simultaneous heating by electric current flow from a current source at a temperature of 1800.degree. to 3500.degree. C. and pressurization at a pressure of 500 to 5000 kg/cm.sup.2, both being applied preferably impulsively. The localized region subjected to the simultaneous heating and pressurization is displaced so as to be controlledly crystallized and to control the formation of crystalline vacancies therein.
Abstract:
A method of and apparatus for controlledly moving a movable element in a machine tool having a drive unit drivingly coupled to the movable element, a motor drivingly coupled to the drive unit and a motor driver circuit for energizing the motor to drive the drive means, thereby moving the movable element, wherein a sequence of feed signals are furnished from a command source to energize the motor for the purpose of achieving a corresponding and desired sequence of movements of the movable element. The apparatus includes: a first sensing unit directly responsive to a displacement of the movable element resulting from the application of each of the sequential feed signals to the motor driver circuit for providing a first signal as a function of the displacement; a second sensing unit responsive to the feed signals for providing a sequence of second signals each as a function of each of the sequential feed signals; a memory unit for successively memorizing on a memory medium the first signals corresponding to the sequence of the second signals; a readout unit for the memory medium to successively reproduce the first signals therefrom corresponding to the sequence of the second signals; and a logic unit for processing the reproduced first signals and the feed signals to provide the sequence of revised feed signals and sequentially applying the revised feed signals to the motor driver circuit, thereby achieving the desired sequence of movements of the movable element.
Abstract:
An electroerosive contouring wire-cutting apparatus using a distilled or deionized water machining medium of a specific resistivity controlled to be in a range between 10.sup.2 and 10.sup.5 ohm-cm, and having abrasive particles of TiC, TiN, B.sub.4 C, BN, SiC, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and/or SiO.sub.2 of for example a particle size in the order of microns for delivery by the medium to the machining gap. A high-frequency vibration of a frequency of 1 kHz to 1 MHz is imparted to the wire electrode traveling through the workpiece in a direction transverse to the wire axis to enhance the combined electroerosive and abrasive actions at the machining gap. The machining medium is delivered by a nozzle, retrieved at a collector, and separated into its liquid and solid components in a separator. After deionizing the liquid and extracting the machining products, the abrasive particles and deionized water are mixed and recirculated through the nozzle.
Abstract:
A method of and apparatus for inspecting the machined accuracy of a contour in a workpiece, e.g. machined by wire-cutting EDM, to form a desired contour therein make use of a light beam focused on a focal area on the workpiece and an optical lens and mirror system for projecting an optical image of the machined contour upon magnification on a display screen having predetermined indicia. The workpiece is positioned to locate a portion of the machined contour in the focal area in a predetermined X-Y coordinate system. A table carrying the workpiece is displaced by motors in response to drive signals furnished from an NC unit to displace the workpiece in the X-Y coordinate system so that the focal area effectively moves on the workpiece along a path of the desired contour and the light beam focussed thereon scans the machined contour. The projected image on the display screen representing the machined contour is monitored with reference to the indicia to determine a deviation of the machined contour from the desired contour one portion after another.
Abstract:
A microprocessor-controlled drive control system for a motor includes a driver circuit for the motor, a signal input unit for receiving an input command signal representing a desired extent of angular displacement of the motor, a microcomputer having an input/output interface connected between the signal input unit and the driver circuit and a central processing unit (CPU) for producing a control command signal in accordance with the input command signal and applying the control command signal to the driver circuit, thereby providing from the latter a drive signal for the motor in accordance with the control command signal, an encoder for sensing an angular displacement of the motor brought about by the drive signal and producing a succession of pulses representing the angular displacement being sensed, logic-circuit means connected between the encoder and the interface for applying to the central processing unit a feed-back signal at least in part derived from the encoder output pulses to modify the control command signal and consequentially the drive signal, and an interrupt unit associated with the microcomputer for intermittently providing an interrupt signal to the central processing unit, thereby permitting the latter to execute the modification of the control command signal.
Abstract:
A technique for accurately determining the size of a machining gap and a specific resistivity thereof in a machine tool, especially an electroerosion machine tool (e.g. EDM machine), measures the electrical resistance between a tool member and a workpiece in a given relative position to give a first measurement value. The tool member and the workpiece are then relatively displaced by a known distance from the given relative position to establish a shifted relative position and the electrical resistance therebetween is measured to give a second measurement value. The calculation from the first and second measurement values yields one of the given and shifted relative position and the specific resistivity of the gap.
Abstract:
EDM method and apparatus in which the electrical discharge machining pulses are produced by the application across the machining gap of a succession of time-spaced trains A of discrete elementary pulses a having an on-time .tau.on and off-time .tau.off, the trains having a duration Ton and an interval Toff. In a machining process, upon occurrence of an arcing, short-circuiting or excessive gap contamination condition, either of the off-time .tau.off or the cut-off interval Toff is increased. When the one controlled time .tau.off or Toff is increased to be greater than a predetermined value, the other, Toff or .tau.off, is decreased generally inversely proportionally to the increased .tau.off or Toff. When .tau.off or Toff is decreased to be smaller than a predetermined level, Toff or .tau.off are increased. Preferably, the sum of total off-times .tau.off plus the cut-off interval Toff in a single cycle or period of successive trains A is maintained at a present value so that the mean machining current is maintained constant as desired.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a filter-coated phosphor with improved brightness and contrast property, having phosphor particles coated with filter particles of the same color as that of light emitted from a phosphor, the whole surface of each filter-coated phosphor particle or filter particle being coated with a continuous silica film.