公开(公告)号：US20060050770A1

公开(公告)日：2006-03-09

申请号：US11042126

申请日：2005-01-24

申请人： Mark Wallace ,  Irina Medvedev ,  Jay Walton

发明人： Mark Wallace ,  Irina Medvedev ,  Jay Walton

IPC分类号： H04L1/02 ,  H04B1/707

CPC分类号： H04L25/0242 ,  H04B7/0669 ,  H04B7/068 ,  H04B7/0854 ,  H04L1/0606 ,  H04L1/0618 ,  H04L5/0023 ,  H04L25/0204 ,  H04L25/0224 ,  H04L25/0256 ,  H04L27/2613 ,  H04L27/2626 ,  H04L27/2647 ,  H04L2025/03426

摘要： A receiving entity obtains received symbols for a data transmission having at least one data symbol stream sent with space-time transmit diversity (STTD). The receiving entity derives an overall channel response matrix in accordance with the STTD encoding scheme used for the data transmission, derives a spatial filter matrix based on the overall channel response matrix, and performs spatial matched filtering on a vector of received symbols for each 2-symbol interval to obtain a vector of detected symbols for the 2-symbol interval. The receiving entity may perform post-processing (e.g., conjugation) on the detected symbols if needed. Alternatively, the receiving entity derives a spatial filter matrix based on an effective channel response matrix, performs spatial matched filtering on the received symbols for each symbol period to obtain detected symbols for that symbol period, and combines multiple estimates obtained for each data symbol sent with STTD.

摘要翻译： 接收实体获得具有用空时传输分集（STTD）发送的至少一个数据符号流的数据传输的接收符号。 接收实体根据用于数据传输的STTD编码方案导出整体信道响应矩阵，基于整个信道响应矩阵导出空间滤波器矩阵，并且对每个2-信道的接收符号的向量执行空间匹配滤波， 符号间隔以获得用于2符号间隔的检测符号的向量。 如果需要，接收实体可以在检测到的符号上执行后处理（例如，共轭）。 或者，接收实体基于有效信道响应矩阵导出空间滤波器矩阵，对于每个符号周期对接收到的符号执行空间匹配滤波，以获得该符号周期的检测符号，并且将针对每个符号周期发送的每个数据符号获得的多个估计合并 STTD。

公开(公告)号：US20050249174A1

公开(公告)日：2005-11-10

申请号：US11066771

申请日：2005-02-24

申请人： Stein Lundby ,  Steven Howard ,  Jay Walton

发明人： Stein Lundby ,  Steven Howard ,  Jay Walton

IPC分类号： H04B7/06 ,  H04L27/26 ,  H04Q7/24

CPC分类号： H04L27/2602

摘要： A transmitting entity uses different steering vectors for different subbands to achieve steering diversity. Each steering vector defines or forms a beam for an associated subband. Any steering vector may be used for steering diversity. The steering vectors may be defined such that the beams vary in a continuous instead of abrupt manner across the subbands. This may be achieved by applying continuously changing phase shifts across the subbands for each transmit antenna. As an example, the phase shifts may change in a linear manner across the subbands for each transmit antenna, and each antenna may be associated with a different phase slope. The application of linearly changing phase shifts to modulation symbols in the frequency domain may be achieved by either delaying or circularly shifting the corresponding time-domain samples.

摘要翻译： 发射实体为不同的子带使用不同的导向矢量来实现转向分集。 每个导向矢量定义或形成用于相关子带的波束。 任何导向矢量都可用于转向分集。 导向矢量可以被定义为使得光束在连续而不是突变的方式跨越子带而变化。 这可以通过在每个发射天线的子带上应用不断变化的相移来实现。 作为示例，相移可以在每个发射天线的子带上以线性方式改变，并且每个天线可以与不同的相位斜率相关联。 线性变化相移到频域中的调制符号的应用可以通过延迟或循环移位对应的时域采样来实现。

公开(公告)号：US20050238111A1

公开(公告)日：2005-10-27

申请号：US10821390

申请日：2004-04-09

申请人： Mark Wallace ,  Jay Walton ,  Steven Howard

发明人： Mark Wallace ,  Jay Walton ,  Steven Howard

IPC分类号： H04J99/00 ,  H04B7/06 ,  H04L25/03 ,  H04L27/26 ,  H04L1/02

CPC分类号： H04B7/0615 ,  H04B7/0417

摘要： Techniques for generating and using steering matrices for pseudo-random transmit steering (PRTS) are described. For PRTS, a transmitting entity performs spatial processing with steering matrices so that a data transmission observes an ensemble of “effective” channels formed by the actual channel used for data transmission and the steering matrices used for PRTS. The steering matrices may be generated by selecting a base matrix, which may be a Walsh matrix or a Fourier matrix. Different combinations of scalars are then selected, with each combination including at least one scalar for at least one row of the base matrix. Each scalar may be a real or complex value (e.g., +1, −1, +j, or −j, where j={square root}{square root over (−1)}). Different steering matrices are generated by multiplying the base matrix with each of the different combinations of scalars. The steering matrices are different permutations of the base matrix.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于产生和使用用于伪随机发射转向（PRTS）的导向矩阵的技术。 对于PRTS，发射实体使用导引矩阵执行空间处理，使得数据传输观察由用于数据传输的实际信道和用于PRTS的导引矩阵形成的“有效”信道的集合。 可以通过选择可以是沃尔什矩阵或傅立叶矩阵的基本矩阵来生成导引矩阵。 然后选择标量的不同组合，其中每个组合包括用于至少一行基本矩阵的至少一个标量。 每个标量可以是实数或复数值（例如，+1，-1，+ j或-j，其中j = {平方根} {平方根超过（-1）}）。 通过将基本矩阵与标量的不同组合中的每一个相乘来生成不同的导向矩阵。 导向矩阵是基本矩阵的不同排列。

公开(公告)号：US20050175115A1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-11

申请号：US11008865

申请日：2004-12-09

申请人： Jay Walton ,  Lizhong Zheng ,  John Ketchum ,  Mark Wallace ,  Steven Howard

发明人： Jay Walton ,  Lizhong Zheng ,  John Ketchum ,  Mark Wallace ,  Steven Howard

IPC分类号： H04J99/00 ,  H04L1/06 ,  H04L1/02

CPC分类号： H04B7/0417 ,  H04B7/0456 ,  H04B7/0669 ,  H04B17/336 ,  H04L1/06

摘要： Spatial spreading is performed in a multi-antenna system to randomize an “effective” channel observed by a receiving entity for each transmitted data symbol block. For a MIMO system, at a transmitting entity, data is processed (e.g., encoded, interleaved, and modulated) to obtain ND data symbol blocks to be transmitted in NM transmission spans, where ND≧1 and NM>1. The ND blocks are partitioned into NM data symbol subblocks, one subblock for each transmission span. A steering matrix is selected (e.g., in a deterministic or pseudo-random manner from among a set of L steering matrices, where L>1) for each subblock. Each data symbol subblock is spatially processed with the steering matrix selected for that subblock to obtain transmit symbols, which are further processed and transmitted via NT transmit antennas in one transmission span. The ND data symbol blocks are thus spatially processed with NM steering matrices and observe an ensemble of channels.

摘要翻译： 在多天线系统中执行空间扩展，以随机化接收实体针对每个发送的数据符号块观察到的“有效”信道。 对于MIMO系统，在发送实体处理（例如，编码，交织和调制）数据以获得N N个数据符号块，以在N M M中发送。 传输范围，其中N = 1和N M M 1。 N N个块被划分为N个M个数据符号子块，每个传输跨度的一个子块。 对于每个子块，选择导向矩阵（例如，以确定性或伪随机方式从一组L个导引矩阵中，其中L> 1）。 利用为该子块选择的导引矩阵来对每个数据符号子块进行空间处理，以获得在一个传输跨度中通过N T个发射天线进一步处理和传输的发射符号。 N N个数据符号块因此用N M M导引矩阵进行空间处理并观察信道的整体。

公开(公告)号：US20050159735A1

公开(公告)日：2005-07-21

申请号：US10888804

申请日：2004-07-09

申请人： Jay Walton ,  Lizhong Zheng ,  John Ketchum ,  Mark Wallace ,  Steven Howard

发明人： Jay Walton ,  Lizhong Zheng ,  John Ketchum ,  Mark Wallace ,  Steven Howard

IPC分类号： A61B17/00 ,  A61B18/02 ,  A61F7/00 ,  A61F7/10 ,  A61F7/12 ,  A61M25/00 ,  F25B9/02

CPC分类号： F25D3/10 ,  A61B18/02 ,  A61B2017/00199 ,  A61B2018/0212 ,  A61B2018/0262 ,  A61B2018/0268 ,  F25B9/02 ,  F25B2700/13 ,  F25D16/00 ,  F25D2400/36

摘要： An apparatus and method for automatic operation of a refrigeration system to provide refrigeration power to a catheter for tissue ablation or mapping. The primary refrigeration system can be open loop or closed loop, and a precool loop will typically be closed loop. Equipment and procedures are disclosed for bringing the system to the desired operational state, for controlling the operation by controlling refrigerant flow rate, for performing safety checks, and for achieving safe shutdown. The catheter-based system for performing a cryoablation procedure uses a precooler to lower the temperature of a fluid refrigerant to a sub-cool temperature (−40° C.) at a working pressure (400 psi). The sub-cooled fluid is then introduced into a supply line of the catheter. Upon outflow of the primary fluid from the supply line, and into a tip section of the catheter, the fluid refrigerant boils at an outflow pressure of approximately one atmosphere, at a temperature of about −88° C. In operation, the working pressure is computer controlled to obtain an appropriate outflow pressure for the coldest possible temperature in the tip section.

摘要翻译： 一种用于自动操作制冷系统以向用于组织消融或映射的导管提供制冷功率的装置和方法。 主要制冷系统可以是开环或闭环，并且预冷循环通常将是闭环的。 公开了用于使系统达到所需操作状态的设备和程序，用于通过控制制冷剂流量来控制操作，用于执行安全检查和实现安全关闭。 用于执行冷冻消融程序的基于导管的系统使用预冷器来在工作压力（400psi）下将流体制冷剂的温度降低至亚冷的温度（-40℃）。 然后将次冷流体引入导管的供应管线。 在主要流体从供应管路流出并进入导管的尖端部分时，流体制冷剂在大约一个大气压的流出压力下沸腾，温度约为-88℃。在操作中，工作压力为 计算机控制以获得适当的流出压力，用于在尖端部分中最冷的温度。

公开(公告)号：US20050157806A1

公开(公告)日：2005-07-21

申请号：US11009824

申请日：2004-12-09

申请人： Jay Walton ,  John Ketchum ,  Mark Wallace ,  Steven Howard

发明人： Jay Walton ,  John Ketchum ,  Mark Wallace ,  Steven Howard

IPC分类号： H04J99/00 ,  H04B7/005 ,  H04B7/02 ,  H04B7/06 ,  H04B7/12 ,  H04L1/02 ,  H04L25/03

CPC分类号： H04L25/03866 ,  H04B7/043 ,  H04B7/0615 ,  H04B7/0669 ,  H04B7/0678 ,  H04B7/068 ,  H04B7/12 ,  H04L5/0007 ,  H04L25/0204 ,  H04L25/0224 ,  H04W52/42

摘要： An access point in a multi-antenna system broadcasts data using spatial spreading to randomize an “effective” channel observed by each user terminal for each block of data symbols broadcast by the access point. At the access point, data is coded, interleaved, and modulated to obtain ND data symbol blocks to be broadcast in NM transmission spans, where ND≧1 and NM>1. The ND data symbol blocks are partitioned into NM data symbol subblocks, one subblock for each transmission span. A steering matrix is selected (e.g., in a deterministic or pseudo-random manner from among a set of L steering matrices) for each subblock. Each data symbol subblock is spatially processed with the steering matrix selected for that subblock to obtain transmit symbols, which are further processed and broadcast via NT transmit antennas and in one transmission span to user terminals within a broadcast coverage area.

摘要翻译： 多天线系统中的接入点使用空间扩展广播数据，以随机化由接入点广播的每个数据符号块由每个用户终端观察到的“有效”信道。 在接入点，对数据进行编码，交织和调制，以获得要在N N个传输跨度中广播的N个D个数据符号块，其中N < / SUB >> = 1和N＆lt; 1＆gt; 1。 N N个数据符号块被划分为N个M个数据符号子块，每个传输跨度的一个子块。 对于每个子块，选择导向矩阵（例如，从一组L个导引矩阵中以确定性或伪随机方式）。 利用为该子块选择的导引矩阵来对每个数据符号子块进行空间处理，以获得进一步处理并通过N T T个发射天线广播的传输符号，并且在一个传输范围内广播覆盖范围内的用户终端 区。

公开(公告)号：US20080031374A1

公开(公告)日：2008-02-07

申请号：US11870386

申请日：2007-10-10

申请人： Jay Walton ,  John Ketchum ,  Mark Wallace ,  Steven Howard

发明人： Jay Walton ,  John Ketchum ,  Mark Wallace ,  Steven Howard

IPC分类号： H04L1/02

CPC分类号： H04L25/03866 ,  H04B7/043 ,  H04B7/0615 ,  H04B7/0669 ,  H04B7/0678 ,  H04B7/068 ,  H04B7/12 ,  H04L5/0007 ,  H04L25/0204 ,  H04L25/0224 ,  H04W52/42

摘要： An access point in a multi-antenna system broadcasts data using spatial spreading to randomize an “effective” channel observed by each user terminal for each block of data symbols broadcast by the access point. At the access point, data is coded, interleaved, and modulated to obtain ND data symbol blocks to be broadcast in NM transmission spans, where ND≧1 and NM>1. The ND data symbol blocks are partitioned into NM data symbol subblocks, one subblock for each transmission span. A steering matrix is selected (e.g., in a deterministic or pseudo-random manner from among a set of L steering matrices) for each subblock. Each data symbol subblock is spatially processed with the steering matrix selected for that subblock to obtain transmit symbols, which are further processed and broadcast via NT transmit antennas and in one transmission span to user terminals within a broadcast coverage area.

公开(公告)号：US20070211814A1

公开(公告)日：2007-09-13

申请号：US11683736

申请日：2007-03-08

申请人： Jay Walton ,  John Ketchum ,  Mark Wallace ,  Steven Howard

发明人： Jay Walton ,  John Ketchum ,  Mark Wallace ,  Steven Howard

IPC分类号： H04L1/02

CPC分类号： H04B7/0417 ,  H04B7/0626 ,  H04B7/0678 ,  H04L1/0002 ,  H04L1/0003 ,  H04L1/0009 ,  H04L5/0023 ,  H04L25/0224

摘要： For data transmission with spatial spreading, a transmitting entity (1) encodes and modulates each data packet to obtain a corresponding data symbol block, (2) multiplexes data symbol blocks onto NS data symbol streams for transmission on NS transmission channels of a MIMO channel, (3) spatially spreads the NS data symbol streams with steering matrices, and (4) spatially processes NS spread symbol streams for full-CSI transmission on NS eigenmodes or partial-CSI transmission on NS spatial channels of the MIMO channel. A receiving entity (1) obtains NR received symbol streams via NR receive antennas, (2) performs receiver spatial processing for full-CSI or partial-CSI transmission to obtain NS detected symbol streams, (3) spatially despreads the NS detected symbol streams with the same steering matrices used by the transmitting entity to obtain NS recovered symbol streams, and (4) demodulates and decodes each recovered symbol block to obtain a corresponding decoded data packet.

摘要翻译： 对于具有空间扩展的数据传输，发送实体（1）对每个数据分组进行编码和调制，以获得相应的数据符号块，（2）将数据符号块复用到N个S / S数据符号流上以便传输 （3）用导向矩阵空间扩展N S S个数据符号流，并且（4）空间地处理N S S个数据符号流， / SUB>扩展符号流，用于N信道本征模式上的全CSI传输或MIMO信道的N SUB空间信道上的部分CSI传输。 接收实体（1）通过N个N个接收天线获得接收到的N N个符号流，（2）执行用于全CSI或部分CSI传输的接收机空间处理，以获得 （3）使用发送实体使用的相同导向矩阵空间地解扩N N S S个检测到的符号流，以获得N N个S＆lt; S＆lt; S＆lt; （4）对每个恢复的符号块进行解调和解码以获得对应的解码数据分组。

公开(公告)号：US20070116143A1

公开(公告)日：2007-05-24

申请号：US11345976

申请日：2006-02-01

申请人： Bjorn Bjerke ,  Irina Medvedev ,  John Ketchum ,  Mark Wallace ,  Jay Walton

发明人： Bjorn Bjerke ,  Irina Medvedev ,  John Ketchum ,  Mark Wallace ,  Jay Walton

IPC分类号： H04L23/02 ,  H04L1/02 ,  H03D1/00

CPC分类号： H04L27/2647 ,  H04L1/005 ,  H04L1/0052 ,  H04L1/06 ,  H04L25/03171 ,  H04L2025/03414 ,  H04L2025/03426

摘要： Techniques for performing detection and decoding at a receiver are described. In one scheme, the receiver obtains R received symbol streams for M data streams transmitted by a transmitter, performs receiver spatial processing on the received symbols to obtain detected symbols, performs log-likelihood ratio (LLR) computation independently for each of D best data streams, and performs LLR computation jointly for the M−D remaining data streams, where M>D≧1 and M>1. The D best data streams may be selected based on SNR and/or other criteria. In another scheme, the receiver performs LLR computation independently for each of the D best data streams, performs LLR computation jointly for the M−D remaining data streams, and reduces the number of hypotheses to consider for the joint LLR computation by performing a search for candidate hypotheses using list sphere detection, Markov chain Monte Carlo, or some other search technique.

摘要翻译： 描述在接收机处执行检测和解码的技术。 在一种方案中，接收机获得用于由发射机发送的M个数据流的R个接收符号流，对接收到的符号执行接收机空间处理以获得检测符号，对于每个D个最佳数据流独立地执行对数似然比（LLR）计算 并且为MD剩余数据流共同执行LLR计算，其中M> D> = 1且M> 1。 可以基于SNR和/或其他标准来选择D个最佳数据流。 在另一方案中，接收机对于每个D最佳数据流独立地执行LLR计算，为MD剩余数据流共同执行LLR计算，并且通过执行候选假设的搜索来减少对于联合LLR计算考虑的假设的数量 使用列表球体检测，马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗或其他搜索技术。

公开(公告)号：US20070064831A1

公开(公告)日：2007-03-22

申请号：US11557662

申请日：2006-11-08

申请人： Bjorn Bjerke ,  John Ketchum ,  Jay Walton

发明人： Bjorn Bjerke ,  John Ketchum ,  Jay Walton

IPC分类号： H04L1/02

CPC分类号： H04L1/005 ,  H04B7/0413 ,  H04B7/0854 ,  H04L1/0003 ,  H04L1/0009 ,  H04L1/0059 ,  H04L1/0066 ,  H04L1/0071 ,  H04L1/06 ,  H04L5/0023 ,  H04L25/03171 ,  H04L25/03305 ,  H04L25/03891 ,  H04L25/067 ,  H04L27/2647

摘要： Techniques to iteratively detect and decode data transmitted in a wireless (e.g., MIMO-OFDM) communication system. The iterative detection and decoding is performed by iteratively passing soft (multi-bit) “a priori” information between a detector and a decoder. The detector receives modulation symbols, performs a detection function that is complementary to the symbol mapping performed at the transmitter, and provides soft-decision symbols for transmitted coded bits. “Extrinsic information” in the soft-decision symbols is then decoded by the decoder to provide its extrinsic information, which comprises the a priori information used by the detector in the detection process. The detection and decoding may be iterated a number of times. The soft-decision symbols and the a priori information may be represented using log-likelihood ratios (LLRs). Techniques are provided to reduce the computational complexity associated with deriving the LLRs, including interference nulling to isolate each transmitted signal and “dual-maxima” approximation.

摘要翻译： 用于迭代地检测和解码在无线（例如，MIMO-OFDM）通信系统中发送的数据的技术。 迭代检测和解码通过在检测器和解码器之间迭代地传递软（多位）“先验”信息来执行。 检测器接收调制符号，执行与在发射机处执行的符号映射互补的检测功能，并为发送的编码比特提供软判决符号。 软判决符号中的“外在信息”然后由解码器解码以提供其外在信息，其包括检测器在检测过程中使用的先验信息。 可以重复检测和解码多次。 可以使用对数似然比（LLR）来表示软判决符号和先验信息。 提供技术以减少与导出LLR相关联的计算复杂度，包括干扰归零以隔离每个发送的信号和“双最大值”近似。