摘要:
A fuel injection apparatus includes a body, a nozzle, a pressure control unit, a physical quantity measurement unit, a first terminal, a second terminal, a positioning member, and a resin connector main body portion. The pressure control unit controls opening and closing of the nozzle The physical quantity measurement unit outputs an electric signal in accordance with a physical quantity of high pressure fuel. The first terminal is connected to the pressure control unit. The second terminal connected to the physical quantity measurement unit. The positioning member integrally holds the first terminal and the second terminal and locates the first terminal and the second terminal at predetermined positions. The connector main body portion receives therein the positioning member.
摘要:
Provided is a frequency offset estimation apparatus that appropriately estimates and compensates for a frequency offset of a received signal when estimating the frequency offset which is the difference between a carrier frequency of the received signal and the frequency of an output signal of a local oscillator. The frequency offset estimation apparatus converts the received signal sampled in advance with a predetermined sampling frequency into a frequency spectrum having N frequency components, limits a frequency band of negative frequency components from 1 to N/2 of the frequency spectrum and a frequency band of positive frequency components from N/2+1 to N of the frequency spectrum, calculates the sum of the squares of the positive frequency components of the frequency spectrum that have been subjected to frequency band limitation and the sum of the squares of the negative frequency components of the frequency spectrum that have been subjected to frequency band limitation to calculate power of the positive frequency components and power of the negative frequency components, and cyclically shifts all frequency components of the frequency spectrum in a frequency domain until the absolute value of a power difference between the power of the positive frequency components and the power of the negative frequency components is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold value, and estimates the frequency offset based on a shift amount until the absolute value is less than or equal to the threshold value.
摘要:
A frequency domain multiplexed signal receiving method which decodes received signals that are multiplexed in a frequency domain, includes: a digital signal acquisition step of acquiring digital signals from the received signals that are multiplexed in the frequency domain; an offset discrete Fourier transform step of applying an offset discrete Fourier transform to odd discrete point numbers based on the acquired digital signals; and a decode step of decoding frequency domain digital signals in the frequency domain obtained by the offset discrete Fourier transform, and that are the frequency domain digital signals of one or more frequency channels.
摘要:
An optical digital transmission system of the present invention newly defines one second negative stuff byte in an overhead area for accommodation of the client signals with multiplexing into the OTU frame, newly defines one third positive stuff byte in a corresponding tributary slot in a payload area for accommodation of client signals with multiplexing, newly defines stuff control bits that is used for decision of the use of the second negative stuff byte and the third positive stuff byte in three different places in the overhead area for client signal accommodation with multiplexing, performs control by using the newly defined stuff control bits when accommodation of the client signal with the third positive stuff byte or the second negative stuff byte is required, and performs stuff control without using the newly defined stuff control bits when accommodation of the client signal by the third positive stuff byte and the second negative stuff byte is not required.
摘要:
The present invention proposes a method whereby during a specified/specifiable observation period (Ttotal) , the polarization states of optical transmission system and/or the optical signals transmitted by the optical transmission system are changed by applying a targeted intervention in at least one position of the transmission line, and at a second position which is interposed at least one place downstream from the first position of the optical transmission line, a specified/specifiable signal characteristic (BER) is qualitatively measured and checked for adherence to a specified/specifiable threshold condition (BERth) and the PMD-induced outage probability of the optical transmission system is calculated on the basis of the ratio between the length of that share of the time (Tout), during which the measured signal characteristic fails to meet the threshold condition (BERth), to the length of the observation period (Ttotal).
摘要:
An inline repeater that uses a forward-pumped DRA that can use a pumping light source such as an FBG pumping light source and a fiber laser, which are the most commonly used, and an optical fiber communication system are realized. The optical fiber communication system comprises silica fiber as a gain medium for Raman amplification to amplify a signal light; a pumping light source that emits a pumping light that co-propagates through the silica fiber in the same direction as the signal light; and a multiplexer disposed between the silica fiber and the pumping light source that multiplexes the signal light and the pumping light, with the multiplexer being provided with a means to multiplex the signal light input thereto having a wavelength longer than the zero-dispersion wavelength of the silica fiber and the pumping light emitted from the pumping light source, and the pumping light source being equipped with a means to emit pumping light, with the longest wavelength of the pumping light being shorter than the shortest wavelength of the signal light by a frequency difference on the low-frequency side of 13.7 to 30 THz.
摘要:
Disclosed are a butt welding apparatus, a butt welding method, and a product manufactured by the butt welding method. Two electrode rollers (3, 4) are disposed on both the front and back sides of a thick sheet member (1) and on both the front and back sides of a thin sheet member (2) whose end surfaces (1A, 2A) are butted. The electrode rollers (3, 4) are applied with power, melt the butt portion (6) of the sheet members (1, 2) with electric resistance heat, and joint the butt portion. Further, the electrode rollers (3, 4) have a length bridging across the sheet members (1, 2) and are composed of first portions (3A, 4A) arranged as small diameter portions on the side of the thick sheet member (1) and second portions (3B, 4B) arranged as large diameter portions on the side of the thin sheet member (2). The first portions (3A, 4A) come into contact with the thick sheet member (1) and presses it before the second portions (3B, 4B) come into contact with the thin sheet member (2). Thus, the end surface (1A) of the thick sheet member (1) swells and deforms toward the thin sheet member (2) and reliably comes into contact with the end surface (2A) of the thin sheet member (2). As a result, power is applied between the end surfaces (1A, 2A) even if the end surfaces (1A, 2A) are not finished by polishing and the like.
摘要:
In an electromagnetic valve, after a solenoid assembly, in which a housing surrounds an outer circumference of a solenoid composed of a coil and a bobbin and a resin connector is formed on the housing by injection molding, and a valve body assembly, in which a valve body member is slidably housed to move reciprocatingly in a valve case cylindrical hollow of a valve case member, are independently sub assembled, the valve body assembly is integrated with the solenoid assembly in such a manner that the valve case member is axially inserted into a cylindrical hollow of the bobbin and, then, an axial end of the housing is fixed to an outer circumference of the valve case member by crimping. Accordingly, if a malfunction of a component part occurs during manufacturing processes, less number of component parts are rejected as failure.
摘要:
A frequency domain multiplexed signal receiving method which decodes received signals that are multiplexed in a frequency domain, includes: a digital signal acquisition step of acquiring digital signals from the received signals that are multiplexed in the frequency domain; an offset discrete Fourier transform step of applying an offset discrete Fourier transform to odd discrete point numbers based on the acquired digital signals; and a decode step of decoding frequency domain digital signals in the frequency domain obtained by the offset discrete Fourier transform, and that are the frequency domain digital signals of one or more frequency channels.
摘要:
The phase sensitive amplifier according to the present invention is a phase sensitive amplifier that uses the optical mixing using a nonlinear optical effect to amplify the signal light. The phase sensitive amplifier according to the present invention includes: the first second-order nonlinear optical element; and the second second-order nonlinear optical element. The first second-order nonlinear optical element causes the fundamental wave light to generate second harmonic light used as pump light and separates only the second harmonic light. The second second-order nonlinear optical element includes a multiplexer to multiplex the signal light with the second harmonic light and spectrally separates only the amplified signal light. The multiplexed signal light and second harmonic light are used subjected to parametric amplification.