公开(公告)号：US3906377A

公开(公告)日：1975-09-16

申请号：US49102074

申请日：1974-07-23

申请人： US NAVY

发明人： HARRIS ROBERT W

IPC分类号： H03K5/1532 ,  H03K5/20 ,  G06G7/18

CPC分类号： H03K5/1532

摘要： An improved device for measuring the time of occurrence of a pulse centroid, particularly for irregularly shaped electrical pulses. An electrical pulse is fed to a first integrator whose output is fed to a summing network and a second inverting integrator. The output from the second integrator is also fed to the summing network. The output of the summing network is then fed to a zero crossing detector which provides an output related in time to the time of occurrence of the pulse centroid.

摘要翻译： 用于测量脉冲重心出现时间的改进装置，特别是用于不规则形状的电脉冲。 电脉冲被馈送到第一积分器，其第一积分器的输出被馈送到求和网络和第二反相积分器。 来自第二积分器的输出也被馈送到求和网络。 然后将求和网络的输出馈送到过零检测器，其提供与时间相关的输出到脉冲质心发生的时间。

公开(公告)号：US3875395A

公开(公告)日：1975-04-01

申请号：US29861472

申请日：1972-10-18

申请人： UNIV PALACKENO V OLOMOUCI

发明人： JILEK JAROMIR

IPC分类号： G01N27/26 ,  G01N31/16 ,  G06G7/184 ,  G06G7/186 ,  G06G7/18

CPC分类号： G01N31/164 ,  G06G7/186

摘要： Arrangement for and method of obtaining a first, second and following derivative of a titration curve with respect to time, particularly in automatic titration apparatus for quantitative chemical analysis. The arrangement of the invention comprises a low pass frequency filter followed by at least one derivator with an operational amplifier and the corresponding input and feedback impedances for obtaining a derivative of the titration curve with respect to time, said derivator may be connected behind an impedance converter for transfer of the input signal to the required voltage and power level. At corresponding places of the arrangement there are connected recording devices for recording the course of curves obtained and evaluation circuits for determination of the equivalent point.

摘要翻译： 特别是在用于定量化学分析的自动滴定装置中，获得相对于时间的滴定曲线的第一，第二和随后导数的配置和方法。 本发明的装置包括一个低通滤波器，随后是至少一个具有运算放大器的导数器，以及相应的输入和反馈阻抗，用于相对于时间获得滴定曲线的导数，所述导数器可以连接在阻抗转换器 用于将输入信号传送到所需的电压和功率电平。 在配置的相应位置，存在用于记录获得的曲线的过程的连接记录装置和用于确定等效点的评估电路。

公开(公告)号：US3852674A

公开(公告)日：1974-12-03

申请号：US39107773

申请日：1973-08-24

申请人： PHILIPS BROADCAST EQUIP

发明人： VAN ROESSEL F

IPC分类号： G06G7/20 ,  H03K4/04 ,  H03K4/56 ,  H04N9/04 ,  G06G7/18

CPC分类号： H03K4/56 ,  G06G7/20 ,  H03K4/04

摘要： An integrator circuit has an operational amplifier with a capacitor in a feedback path. Also in the feedback path is a diode to provide a stable starting D.C. level for the integrator. A second diode can be used for thermal and threshold compensation.

摘要翻译： 积分器电路具有在反馈路径中具有电容器的运算放大器。 在反馈路径中也是二极管，为积分器提供稳定的启动直流电平。 第二个二极管可用于热和阈值补偿。

公开(公告)号：US3803394A

公开(公告)日：1974-04-09

申请号：US33252573

申请日：1973-02-14

申请人： US AIR FORCE

发明人： FRASER J

IPC分类号： G06G7/186 ,  G06G7/18 ,  G06G7/26

CPC分类号： G06G7/1865

摘要： A centroid generator that computes X and Y centroids. Instantaneous values of X and Y are multiplied by instantaneous values of intensity and periodically integrated and divided by integrated values of intensity during the same interval. To synchronize the generator to compute a centroid at the end of each scan the Y input is differentiated, fed to a zero crossing detector, and then to a circuit that has an output with the same polarity regardless of the input polarity. This signal is fed to a single shot which forms the sample pulse. Another single shot generates the reset pulse.

公开(公告)号：US3774018A

公开(公告)日：1973-11-20

申请号：US3774018D

申请日：1971-12-08

申请人： BODENSEEWERK PERKIN ELMER CO

发明人： SPREITZHOFER E

IPC分类号： H03M1/00 ,  G06G7/18

CPC分类号： H03M1/00 ,  H03M1/50

摘要： A known multirange integrator includes a multistep voltage divider (e.g., 1, 1/10, 1/100) for the input signal, an analogto-digital converter for generating counting pulses at a frequency proportional to the (divided) input voltage, a final counter for these pulses, and a multistep switching arrangement for effectively multiplying the ''''weighting'''' of the pulses by a factor (e.g., 1, 10, 100) to counteract the effect of the input voltage divider (as by supplying the pulses to different stages of a, say, decade counter). The analog-to-digital converter may be a resettable integrator which supplies a counting pulse when its output reaches a preset value, the integrator being simultaneously reset by supplying a reset signal (of standardized voltage and time) to its input. The improvement insures that range switching (of the input divider and output ''''weighting'''' switching arrangement) does not occur during the production of a counting pulse by the resettable integrator, which would cause the input signal to be (at least in part) integrated as divided by one factor and the resulting pulse later counted at a different weighting factor. In particular, although the range chosen is dependent on the amplitude of the input signal, actual switching to a new range occurs only when a counting pulse is generated, thereby occurring during the integration reset interval. This switching may be caused by flip-flops setting each range, which flip-flops are enabled by a logic circuit and limit switches reading the input level, but which actually change state only upon occurrence of a counting pulse.

摘要翻译： 已知的多范围积分器包括用于输入信号的多级分压器（例如，1 / 10,1 / 100），用于产生与（分压）输入电压成比例的频率的计数脉冲的模 - 数转换器， 用于这些脉冲的最终计数器，以及用于有效地将脉冲“加权”乘以因子（例如，1,10,100）以抵消输入分压器的影响的多步开关装置（如通过将脉冲提供给 不同的阶段，比如说十年计数器）。 模数转换器可以是可复位积分器，其在其输出达到预设值时提供计数脉冲，通过向其输入提供标准化电压和时间的复位信号来同时复位积分器。 改进确保了在可复位积分器产生计数脉冲期间不会发生范围切换（输入分频器和输出“加权”开关装置），这将导致输入信号（至少部分地）被集成为 除以一个因子，然后以不同的加权因子计算得到的脉冲。 具体地说，虽然所选择的范围取决于输入信号的幅度，但是仅当产生计数脉冲时才产生实际切换到新的范围，从而在积分复位间隔期间发生。 这种切换可能由设置每个范围的触发器引起，触发器由逻辑电路启用，并且限制开关读取输入电平，但是仅在发生计数脉冲时实际改变状态。

公开(公告)号：US3742202A

公开(公告)日：1973-06-26

申请号：US3742202D

申请日：1971-11-18

申请人： BODENSEEWERK PERKIN ELMER CO

发明人： SPREITZHOFER E

IPC分类号： G01R19/04 ,  G06G7/25 ,  H03K5/1532 ,  H03M1/00 ,  G06G7/18 ,  H03K5/20

CPC分类号： H03K5/1532 ,  G01R19/04 ,  G06G7/25

摘要： An integrator apparatus for measuring the area under peaks in an input signal includes a main integrator for measuring such peaks, and a slope detector for comparing the signal change during each of a regular sequence of short measuring time intervals (the beginning and end of each of which is controlled by a repetitive timing pulse generator or programmer) and resetting the integrator to zero if the input signal does not change by more than a significant (threshold) amount during such a measuring interval. Thus the integrator continues to accumulate the input signal during each peak, including that part found in the first measuring time interval in which the beginning of the peak is detected, but the integrator is reset to zero after all measuring time intervals in which no signal peak exists, including those in which a peak has ended and those in which only noise is present.

摘要翻译： 用于测量输入信号中峰值下的面积的积分器装置包括用于测量这样的峰值的主积分器和用于比较每个短测量时间间隔（每个的测量时间间隔的开始和结束）的每个中的信号变化的斜率检测器 其由重复定时脉冲发生器或编程器控制），并且如果在这样的测量间隔期间输入信号没有变化超过显着（阈值）量，则将积分器复位为零。 因此，积分器在每个峰值期间继续累积输入信号，包括在检测到峰值开始的第一测量时间间隔中找到的部分，但是在没有信号峰值的所有测量时间间隔之后，积分器被复位为零 存在，包括峰值已经结束的那些，以及仅存在噪声的那些。

公开(公告)号：US3739163A

公开(公告)日：1973-06-12

申请号：US3739163D

申请日：1971-01-11

申请人： HITACHI LTD

发明人： YUMINAKA T ,  IWASAKA T ,  HIRASAWA K ,  KAWATAKE K

IPC分类号： B66B3/00 ,  G04F10/00 ,  G04F10/04 ,  G06F17/18 ,  G06G7/18 ,  G06G7/20 ,  G06G7/70 ,  G06F7/38

CPC分类号： G06G7/18 ,  G04F10/00 ,  G04F10/04 ,  G06F17/18 ,  G06G7/20

摘要： The mean value of waiting time, Wm, for an elevator system on a certain floor can be obtained by detecting intervals of the elevator arrival T1, T2, T3, . . . , Ti at the floor and carrying out the operation:

公开(公告)号：US3733548A

公开(公告)日：1973-05-15

申请号：US3733548D

申请日：1971-04-28

申请人： COULTER ELECTRONICS

发明人： COULTER W ,  HOGG W

IPC分类号： G01N15/12 ,  G06G7/18 ,  H03K5/153 ,  G01N27/00

CPC分类号： H03K5/153 ,  G01N15/1227 ,  G06G7/18

摘要： Apparatus and method for measuring particle concentration in a fluid suspension by obtaining signals from a sensing zone and relating the duration of time occupied by the particles in suspension while traversing the sensing zone to the total time. Concentration is proportional to the percentage of time particles are in the sensing zone. The apparatus includes means for measuring the duration of a predetermined portion of each particle pulse between two ascertainable points thereof, such as for example, at some fraction of its amplitude and deriving thereby a plurality of duration-measuring pulses. The direct current component of these duration-measuring pulses averaged over the time during which they occurred is obtained in a d.c. meter and is proportional to concentration. The meter indication may be calibrated in terms of concentration. The apparatus and method are particularly applicable in connection with a Coulter particle analyzing device in which the sensing zone is the aperture of the Coulter device.

摘要翻译： 用于通过从感测区域获取信号并将悬浮时所占据的时间持续时间与遍历感测区域的时间相关联来测量流体悬浮液中的颗粒浓度的装置和方法。 浓度与感测区域中颗粒的时间百分比成比例。

公开(公告)号：US3733547A

公开(公告)日：1973-05-15

申请号：US3733547D

申请日：1972-01-04

申请人： COULTER ELECTRONICS

发明人： COULTER W ,  HOGG W ,  LONGMAN M

IPC分类号： G01N15/12 ,  G06G7/18 ,  H03K5/153

CPC分类号： G06G7/18 ,  G01N15/1227 ,  H03K5/153

摘要： The apparatus includes (1) a Coulter type particle analyzing device for producing a particle pulse each time a particle is in a sensing zone, each particle pulse having poorly defined leading and trailing edges and a duration related to the time the particle is in the sensing zone, (2) electrical circuitry connected to the output of the particle analyzing device for producing, upon sensing each particle pulse above a predetermined threshold level, an output pulse having a selected clearly defined duration established between (a) a clearly defined leading edge of the output pulse occurring at a time substantially equal to the time of inflection of the slope of the leading edge of the particle pulse and (b) a clearly defined trailing edge of the output pulse occurring at substantially the same time that the instantaneous value of the trailing edge of the particle pulse falls below the level of the instantaneous value of the leading edge of the particle pulse at the time of inflection of the slope of the leading edge of the particle pulse, and (3) apparatus for measuring and displaying the duty factor of a train of the output pulses. The method includes the steps of: initiating an output pulse for each particle pulse at a time substantially equal to the time of inflection of the slope of the leading edge of the particle pulse, terminating each output pulse at substantially the same time that the instantaneous value of the trailing edge of the particle pulse falls below the level of the instantaneous value of the leading edge of the particle pulse at the time of inflection of the slope of the leading edge of the particle pulse, and measuring the duty factor of a train of the output pulses. This duty factor is closely proportional to particle concentration.

摘要翻译： 该设备包括（1）一种库尔特型粒子分析装置，用于每当粒子处于感测区域时产生粒子脉冲，每个粒子脉冲具有不太明确的前缘和后缘以及与粒子在感测中的时间有关的持续时间 区域，（2）连接到粒子分析装置的输出的电路，用于在感测到高于预定阈值水平的每个粒子脉冲时产生具有选定的明确定义的持续时间的输出脉冲，其在（a） 输出脉冲在基本上等于粒子脉冲的前沿的斜率的时间的时间发生，以及（b）输出脉冲的明确定义的后沿在与基本上相同的时间 粒子脉冲的后沿落在低于拐点时粒子脉冲的前沿的瞬时值的水平 粒子脉冲前缘的斜率，以及（3）用于测量和显示输出脉冲串的占空比的装置。

公开(公告)号：US3705991A

公开(公告)日：1972-12-12

申请号：US3705991D

申请日：1970-10-27

申请人： NIPPON DENSO CO

发明人： HOBO NOBUHITO

IPC分类号： H03K7/08 ,  G06G7/161 ,  H03K3/10 ,  G06G7/18

CPC分类号： G06G7/161

摘要： A DIVIDING CIRCUIT COMPRISING A MONOSTABLE MULTI VIBRATOR WITH AN RC TYPE TIME-CONSTANT-DETERMINING CIRCUITRY, AND A CONSTANT D.C. VOLTAGE SOURCE AND TWO VARIABLE D.C. VOLTAGE SOURCES. IN A STABLE STATE, THE TIMECONSTANT-DETERMINING CAPACITANCE IS CHARGED FROM A FIRST VARIABLE D.C. VOLTAGE SOURCE CORRESPONDING TO A NUMERATOR, AND IN UNSTABLE STATE IT DISCHARGES THROUGH A LOOP INCLUDING A SECOND VARIABLE D.C. VOLTAGE SOURCE CORRESPONDING TO A DENOMINATOR.