公开(公告)号：US5943466A

公开(公告)日：1999-08-24

申请号：US784574

申请日：1997-01-21

申请人： Danny L. Henderson ,  Ming-Jun Li ,  Daniel A. Nolan ,  Glenda R. Washburn

发明人： Danny L. Henderson ,  Ming-Jun Li ,  Daniel A. Nolan ,  Glenda R. Washburn

IPC分类号： G02B6/00 ,  C03B37/027 ,  C03B37/03 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/024

CPC分类号： G02B6/02285 ,  C03B37/027 ,  C03B37/02745 ,  C03B37/03 ,  C03B37/032 ,  C03B2203/06 ,  C03B2203/18 ,  C03B2203/20 ,  C03B2203/36 ,  C03B2205/06

摘要： The invention provides improved methods for reducing polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in single mode fiber by spinning the fiber during the drawing process in accordance with a spin function having sufficient harmonic content to achieve low levels of PMD for commercial fibers for which the beat lengths of the fibers, including the beat lengths of different portions of the fibers, are variable and thus not readily known in advance. The spin functions of the invention take advantage of certain resonances in energy transfer between polarization modes to achieve substantial reductions in PMD for a wide range of beat lengths. Examples of suitable spin functions include frequency-modulated and amplitude-modulated sine waves.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了通过根据具有足够的谐波含量的自旋函数在拉伸过程中纺丝纤维来实现单模光纤中的偏振模色散（PMD）的改进方法，以实现商业光纤的低水平的PMD， 包括纤维的不同部分的间隔的纤维是可变的，因此预先不容易知道。 本发明的自旋功能利用在极化模式之间的能量转移中的某些共振，以实现大范围的拍子长度的PMD的显着降低。 合适的自旋函数的实例包括频率调制和幅度调制的正弦波。

公开(公告)号：US5910852A

公开(公告)日：1999-06-08

申请号：US759792

申请日：1996-12-03

申请人： Flavio Fontana ,  Federico Franzoso ,  Giuseppe Ravasio ,  Claudio Zammarchi

发明人： Flavio Fontana ,  Federico Franzoso ,  Giuseppe Ravasio ,  Claudio Zammarchi

IPC分类号： G02B6/024 ,  G02B27/28 ,  H04B10/02 ,  H04B10/04 ,  H04B10/06 ,  H04B10/135 ,  H04B10/142 ,  H04B10/152 ,  H04B10/18 ,  H04B10/00

CPC分类号： H04B10/2537 ,  H04B10/532

摘要： An optical communication system is described which includes an optical source; an optical modulator, receiving a transmission signal having frequencies included within a signal band and adapted to emit a modulated optical signal of a predetermined optical bandwidth; an optical transmission line comprising an optical fiber portion; and an optical receiver adapted to receive the optical signal in the presence of a predetermined SNR in the signal band, measured in a 5 MHz band. The telecommunication system further comprises, optically connected between the optical modulator and the optical transmission line, a depolarizer comprising two polarization-maintaining optical fiber portions, optically connected with each other in such a manner that the respective polarization axes form an angle of 45.degree., in which the optical bandwidth, lengths and birefringence of the polarization-maintaining optical fibers are operatively selected so that the SNR at the receiver in the signal band does not differ more than 1 dB from the SNR at the receiver measured in a band of 5 MHz by substituting the optical fiber portion of the transmission line with a passive attenuator of same attenuation.

摘要翻译： 描述了包括光源的光通信系统; 光调制器，接收具有包括在信号频带内并且适于发射预定光带宽的调制光信号的频率的发射信号; 光传输线，包括光纤部分; 以及光接收机，其适于在存在以5MHz频带测量的信号频带中的预定SNR的情况下接收光信号。 电信系统还包括光连接在光调制器和光传输线之间的消偏振器，包括两个偏振保持光纤部分，它们以相应的偏振轴形成45°的角度彼此光学连接， 其中可操作地选择保偏光纤的光学带宽，长度和双折射，使得信号频带中的接收机处的SNR与在5MHz的频带中测量的接收机处的SNR相比不超过1dB 通过用相同衰减的无源衰减器代替传输线的光纤部分。

公开(公告)号：US5559907A

公开(公告)日：1996-09-24

申请号：US198802

申请日：1994-02-17

申请人： Daryl Inniss ,  Ashish M. Vengsarkar ,  Qian Zhong

发明人： Daryl Inniss ,  Ashish M. Vengsarkar ,  Qian Zhong

IPC分类号： G02B6/02 ,  G01Q60/00 ,  G01Q80/00 ,  G02B6/024 ,  G02B6/10 ,  G02B6/124 ,  G02B6/27 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02B21/00 ,  G02B6/00 ,  C03B37/023

CPC分类号： G02B6/02109 ,  B82Y15/00 ,  G02B21/002 ,  G02B6/105 ,  G02B6/02123 ,  G02B6/02152

摘要： A method of controlling the polarization properties of a photo-induced device in an optical waveguide and a method of investigating the structure of a light guiding body such as an optical waveguide are disclosed. A device, such as gratings, is written by exposing one side of the optical waveguide to light. The unexposed side is then exposed to an amount of light sufficient to impart the desired birefringence to the written device. The birefringence can be minimized in the written device by exposing the opposite side to light in an amount sufficient to minimize the amount of birefringence. The light guiding body is investigated by cleaving the elongated light guiding body, such as an optical waveguide, to expose its cross-section. The cleaved section is then treated to expose difference between the core and cladding. Treatment may include etching in an acid or base. The cross-section is then profiled with a scanning probe microscope such as an atomic force microscope to investigate the structure of the light guiding body. The difference in refractive index can be determined across the cleaved endface based on differences in the etched depth.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种控制光波导中的感光器件的偏振特性的方法以及研究诸如光波导之类的导光体的结构的方法。 通过将光波导的一侧曝光来写入诸如光栅的装置。 然后将未曝光的一面曝光到足以赋予书写装置所需双折射的光量。 通过将相对侧的光暴露于足以使双折射量最小化的量，可以在书写装置中最小化双折射。 通过切割诸如光波导的细长导光体来研究导光体以暴露其横截面。 然后处理切割的部分以暴露芯和包层之间的差异。 处理可以包括在酸或碱中蚀刻。 然后用诸如原子力显微镜的扫描探针显微镜对横截面进行成形，以研究导光体的结构。 基于蚀刻深度的差异，可以在切割的端面上确定折射率的差异。

公开(公告)号：US5550948A

公开(公告)日：1996-08-27

申请号：US400893

申请日：1995-03-08

申请人： Daryl Inniss ,  Ashish M. Vengsarkar ,  Qian Zhong

发明人： Daryl Inniss ,  Ashish M. Vengsarkar ,  Qian Zhong

IPC分类号： G02B6/02 ,  G01Q60/00 ,  G01Q80/00 ,  G02B6/024 ,  G02B6/10 ,  G02B6/124 ,  G02B6/27 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02B21/00 ,  G02B6/00

CPC分类号： G02B6/02109 ,  B82Y15/00 ,  G02B21/002 ,  G02B6/105 ,  G02B6/02123 ,  G02B6/02152

摘要： A method of controlling the polarization properties of a photo-induced device in an optical waveguide and a method of investigating the structure of a light guiding body such as an optical waveguide are disclosed. A device, such as gratings, is written by exposing one side of the optical waveguide to light. The unexposed side is then exposed to an amount of light sufficient to impart the desired birefringence to the written devices. The birefringence can be minimized in the written device by exposing the opposite side to light in an amount sufficient to minimize the amount of birefringence. The light guiding body is investigated by cleaving the elongated light guiding body, such as an optical waveguide, to expose its cross-section. The cleaved section is then treated to expose difference between the core and cladding. Treatment may include etching in an acid or base. The cross-section is then profiled with a scanning probe microscope such as an atomic force microscope to investigate the structure of the light guiding body. The difference in refractive index can be determined across the cleaved endface based on differences in the etched depth.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种控制光波导中的感光器件的偏振特性的方法以及研究诸如光波导之类的导光体的结构的方法。 通过将光波导的一侧曝光来写入诸如光栅的装置。 然后将未曝光的一面暴露于足以给写入的装置赋予期望的双折射的一定量的光。 通过将相对侧的光暴露于足以使双折射量最小化的量，可以在书写装置中最小化双折射。 通过切割诸如光波导的细长导光体来研究导光体以暴露其横截面。 然后处理切割的部分以暴露芯和包层之间的差异。 处理可以包括在酸或碱中蚀刻。 然后用诸如原子力显微镜的扫描探针显微镜对横截面进行成形，以研究导光体的结构。 基于蚀刻深度的差异，可以在切割的端面上确定折射率的差异。

公开(公告)号：US5418881A

公开(公告)日：1995-05-23

申请号：US317409

申请日：1994-10-03

申请人： Arthur C. Hart, Jr. ,  Richard G. Huff ,  Kenneth L. Walker

发明人： Arthur C. Hart, Jr. ,  Richard G. Huff ,  Kenneth L. Walker

IPC分类号： C03B37/027 ,  C03B37/03 ,  G02B6/00 ,  G02B6/024 ,  G02B6/10 ,  G02F1/01

CPC分类号： G02B6/02285 ,  C03B37/027 ,  C03B37/02745 ,  C03B37/03 ,  C03B37/032 ,  G02B6/105 ,  C03B2203/06 ,  C03B2203/19 ,  C03B2203/20 ,  C03B2203/36 ,  C03B2205/06

摘要： The presence of (typically unintended) birefringence in single mode optical fiber can severely limit the usefulness of the fiber for, e.g., high bit rate or analog optical fiber communication systems, due to the resulting polarization mode dispersion (PMD). It has now been discovered that PMD can be substantially reduced if, during drawing of the fiber, a torque is applied to the fiber such that a "spin" is impressed on the fiber. Desirably the torque is applied such that the spin impressed on the fiber does not have constant spatial frequency, e.g., has alternately clockwise and counterclockwise helicity. At least a portion of optical fiber according to the invention has spin alternately clockwise and counterclockwise.

摘要翻译： 由于产生的偏振模色散（PMD），在单模光纤中存在（通常是非预期的）双折射可能严重地限制了例如高比特率或模拟光纤通信系统的光纤的有用性。 现在已经发现，如果在拉伸纤维期间，将扭矩施加到纤维上使得在纤维上施加“旋转”，则PMD可以大大减少。 期望地施加扭矩，使得施加在纤维上的旋转不具有恒定的空间频率，例如具有交替的顺时针和逆时针螺旋度。 根据本发明的光纤的至少一部分交替顺时针和逆时针旋转。

公开(公告)号：US5333229A

公开(公告)日：1994-07-26

申请号：US40694

申请日：1993-03-31

申请人： Emile G. Sayegh

发明人： Emile G. Sayegh

IPC分类号： G02B6/024 ,  G02B6/10 ,  G02B6/44

CPC分类号： G02B6/4486 ,  G02B6/105 ,  G02B6/4403 ,  G02B6/4426 ,  G02B6/443

摘要： An asymmetrically shaped signal polarization maintaining optical waveguide including an asymmetrically shaped optical fiber surrounded by glass cladding, hard polymer coating, soft porous polymer buffering layer, porous polymer laminate inner layer, polyester laminate outer layer bearing tabs oriented to an axis of asymmetry of the optical fiber, braid fiber sheath, and outer jacket, the observable tab orientation on the outside of the cable providing location means of the axis of asymmetry of the optical fiber.

摘要翻译： 不对称形状的信号偏振保持光波导，包括由玻璃包层，硬聚合物涂层，软质多孔聚合物缓冲层，多孔聚合物层压体内层，聚酯层压板外层承载片材定向成光学不对称轴的不对称形状的光纤 纤维，编织纤维护套和外护套，电缆外侧上的可观察到的拉片取向提供光纤不对称轴的位置装置。

公开(公告)号：US5307436A

公开(公告)日：1994-04-26

申请号：US50509

申请日：1993-04-20

申请人： George E. Berkey

发明人： George E. Berkey

IPC分类号： C03B37/012 ,  C03B37/027 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/024 ,  G02B6/036 ,  G02B6/10 ,  G02B6/00 ,  G02B6/22

CPC分类号： G02B6/03638 ,  C03B37/01211 ,  C03B37/01217 ,  C03B37/027 ,  C03B37/02709 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/03605 ,  G02B6/03622 ,  G02B6/105 ,  C03B2203/10 ,  C03B2203/14 ,  C03B2203/30 ,  C03B2203/32 ,  C03B2205/10

摘要： An optical waveguide fiber is made substantially bend less resistant by providing a core member partially detached from a cladding member. A core rod is suspended within a cladding preform. The assembly is heated and drawn into a waveguide fiber. The partial detachment is achieved by proper choice of preform dimensions and drawing parameters. Alternatively, a positive pressure may be applied to the preform interior to produce the partial detachment. The partial detachment of the core member from the cladding substantially isolates the core member from external forces, thereby making the waveguide substantially bend resistant. The preferred detachment fraction is more than 95% of the core member periphery. Essentially any waveguide which can be fabricated using a core rod inserted in a cladding tube, can be made to have a partially detached core member. The waveguide types to which the invention applies include single mode, multimode and polarization retaining single mode. To obtain further core member isolation, a waveguide may be fabricated which has a first cladding partially attached to a second cladding and the core member partially attached to the second cladding. Making bend resistance intrinsic to the waveguide, allows greater freedom in choice and application of waveguide coatings and cable designs.

摘要翻译： 通过提供从包层构件部分地分离的芯构件，使光波导纤维基本上弯曲得较弱。 芯棒悬挂在包层预制件内。 将组件加热并拉入波导纤维中。 部分脱离是通过适当选择预制件尺寸和拉拔参数来实现的。 或者，可以将正压力施加到预成型件内部以产生部分脱离。 芯部件从包层的部分分离基本上使芯部件与外力隔离，从而使波导基本上具有弯曲阻力。 优选的分离部分大于芯部件周边的95％。 基本上可以使用插入包层管中的芯棒制造的任何波导可以制成具有部分分离的芯构件。 本发明应用的波导类型包括单模，多模和偏振保持单模。 为了获得进一步的芯构件隔离，可以制造波导，其具有部分地附接到第二覆层的第一覆层，并且芯构件部分地附接到第二覆层。 使波导固有的弯曲阻力允许波导涂层和电缆设计的选择和应用更大的自由度。

公开(公告)号：US4805986A

公开(公告)日：1989-02-21

申请号：US76149

申请日：1987-07-21

申请人： Herbert Weissert

发明人： Herbert Weissert

IPC分类号： C03B37/012 ,  G02B6/024 ,  C03B37/12 ,  G02B6/10

CPC分类号： C03B37/01217 ,  C03B2203/31 ,  G02B6/024

摘要： A method of producing polarization-maintaining single-mode optical waveguides is provided wherein the preform from which the optical waveguide is produced consists of a tube, a rod of core and cladding material centrally disposed in said tube, and two differently doped pairs of filler rods disposed about said rod, the two rods of each pair being disposed diametrically opposed to each other with respect to said rod. Maximum polarization maintenance of the optical waveguide being produced is achieved by choosing the diameter ratios so that each filler rod rests against the central rod, against the inside wall of the tube, and directly against the two filler rods of the respective other pair.

摘要翻译： 提供一种制造偏振维持单模光波导的方法，其中制造光波导的预制件由中心设置在所述管中的管，芯棒和包层材料组成，以及两个不同掺杂的填充棒对 围绕所述杆设置，每对的两个杆相对于所述杆彼此径向相对设置。 所制造的光波导的最大极化维持是通过选择直径比来实现的，使得每个填充杆相对于中心杆靠在管的内壁上，并且直接抵靠相应的另一对的两个填充杆。

公开(公告)号：US4695123A

公开(公告)日：1987-09-22

申请号：US767553

申请日：1985-08-20

申请人： Chin-Lung Chang ,  John R. Feth

发明人： Chin-Lung Chang ,  John R. Feth

IPC分类号： G02B6/024 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02F1/01 ,  G02B5/30

CPC分类号： G02B6/2726 ,  G02F1/0134 ,  Y10S359/90

摘要： The cladding and a portion of the core of apparatus of a length of optical fiber are removed to form an interaction region where the fiber will not guide a light wave. A metal thin layer placed on the exposed core and a portion of the cladding. Polarizations perpendicular to the metal film couple into the metal film to form a surface plasma wave that propagates parallel to the fiber while parallel polarizations radiate through the metal film. The surface plasma wave couples energy back into the fiber so that the throughput of the polarizer is only the perpendicular polarization component. A photodetector forms an error signal from the polarization radiated from the fiber, and control circuitry processes the error signal to drive a polarization controller that adjusts the polarization of light input to the polarizer to minimize the error signal and maximize the intensity of the desired polarization output from the polarizer.

摘要翻译： 去除包层和一段长度的光纤的设备的芯部的一部分以形成纤维不会引导光波的相互作用区域。 放置在暴露的芯部和包层的一部分上的金属薄层。 垂直于金属膜的偏振耦合到金属膜中以形成平行于纤维传播的表面等离子体波，同时平行偏振通过金属膜辐射。 表面等离子波将能量耦合回到光纤中，使得偏振器的吞吐量仅为垂直偏振分量。 光电检测器从从光纤辐射的偏振形成误差信号，并且控制电路处理误差信号以驱动偏振控制器，该偏振控制器调节输入到偏振器的光的偏振，以最小化误差信号并使所需偏振输出的强度最大化 从偏振器。

公开(公告)号：US4589728A

公开(公告)日：1986-05-20

申请号：US526553

申请日：1983-08-26

申请人： Richard B. Dyott ,  Reinhard Ulrich ,  John D. Meyer

发明人： Richard B. Dyott ,  Reinhard Ulrich ,  John D. Meyer

IPC分类号： G02B6/024 ,  G02B6/10 ,  G02B6/14

CPC分类号： G02B6/276 ,  G02B6/105 ,  G02B6/2733 ,  Y10S359/90

摘要： A fiber-optic polarizer comprising the combination of an optical fiber having a core and cladding with different refractive indices and forming a single-mode guiding region, the core having a non-circular cross-section defining two transverse orthogonal axes which, in combination with the different refractive indices, permit the de-coupling of waves polarized along the axes, the guiding region being located sufficiently close to the surface of the fiber, along a selected length of the fiber, to allow coupling to a contiguous medium, and the outer surface of the fiber having a non-circular cross-section with a predetermined geometric relationship to the guiding region and the orthogonal transverse axes so that the location of the guiding region and the orientation of the axes can be ascertained from the geometry of the outer surface. A polymeric film extends longitudinally along a selected length of the fiber and is coupled to the fiber surface that is closest to the core, the film having different indices of refraction along axes aligned with the transverse orthogonal axes of the core, one of the indices of refraction of the film being less than the effective index of refraction of a desired wave in the guiding region of the fiber, and the other index of refraction of the film being greater than the effective index of refraction of an unwanted wave in the guiding region of the fiber.

摘要翻译： 一种光纤偏振器，包括具有芯的光纤和具有不同折射率的包层的组合，并且形成单模式引导区域，所述芯具有限定两个横向正交轴的非圆形横截面，其结合 不同的折射率允许沿着所述光纤偏振的波的去耦合，所述引导区域沿着所述纤维的选定长度足够靠近所述光纤的表面，以允许耦合到连续介质，并且所述外部 纤维的表面具有与引导区域和正交横轴成预定几何关系的非圆形横截面，从而可以从外表面的几何形状确定引导区域的位置和轴线的取向 。 聚合物膜沿着纤维的选定长度纵向延伸并且被耦合到最靠近芯的纤维表面，该膜具有沿着与芯的横向正交轴对准的轴线的不同折射率， 薄膜的折射小于在纤维的引导区域中的期望波的有效折射率，并且膜的折射率大于导向区域中不需要的波的有效折射率 纤维。