公开(公告)号：US09501993B2

公开(公告)日：2016-11-22

申请号：US14155292

申请日：2014-01-14

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Prasanna Nambi ,  Jason N. Gomez ,  Fenghua Zheng ,  Paolo Sacchetto ,  Sandro H. Pintz ,  Taesung Kim ,  Christopher P. Tann ,  Marc Albrecht ,  David W. Lum

IPC: G09G3/36

CPC classification number: G09G3/3618 ,  G06T1/20 ,  G06T2210/52 ,  G09G3/36 ,  G09G3/3611 ,  G09G3/3648 ,  G09G3/3655 ,  G09G3/3696 ,  G09G2310/08 ,  G09G2320/0626 ,  G09G2330/02 ,  G09G2330/021 ,  G09G2340/0435 ,  G09G2360/18 ,  G09G2370/08

Abstract: The disclosure describes procedures for dynamically employing a variable refresh rate at an LCD display of a consumer electronic device, such as a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a mobile phone, or a music player device. In some configurations, the consumer electronic device can include a host system portion, having one or more processors and a display system portion, having a timing controller, a buffer circuit, a display driver, and a display panel. The display system can receive image data and image control data from a GPU of the host system, evaluate the received image control data to determine a reduced refresh rate (RRR) for employing at the display panel, and then transition to the RRR, whenever practicable, to conserve power. In some scenarios, the transition to the RRR can be a transition from a LRR of 50 hertz or above to a RRR of 40 hertz or below.

公开(公告)号：US09483975B2

公开(公告)日：2016-11-01

申请号：US13903179

申请日：2013-05-28

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Gabriel Marcu ,  Marc Albrecht ,  Sandro H. Pintz

IPC: G09G3/32 ,  G09G3/20

CPC classification number: G09G3/3208 ,  G09G3/2003 ,  G09G2300/0452 ,  G09G2340/06

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display having an array of display pixels. Storage and processing circuitry may generate display data for the display in an RGB input color space. The display may display the display data in an RGBW output color space. Display control circuitry may use sets of predetermined conversion factors to convert display data from the RGB input color space to the RGBW output color space without requiring conversion to a device-independent color space. Each set of predetermined conversion factors may be associated with a color in a set of predetermined colors. Using the sets of predetermined conversion factors, the display control circuitry may convert RGB values in the input color space to RGBW values in the output color space. The display control circuitry may supply data signals corresponding to the display data in the RGBW output color space to the array of display pixels.

Abstract translation: 电子设备可以包括具有显示像素阵列的显示器。 存储和处理电路可以在RGB输入颜色空间中生成用于显示的显示数据。 显示器可以在RGBW输出颜色空间中显示显示数据。 显示控制电路可以使用一组预定的转换因子将来自RGB输入色彩空间的显示数据转换为RGBW输出色彩空间，而不需要转换为与设备无关的色彩空间。 每组预定转换因子可以与一组预定颜色中的颜色相关联。 使用这些预定转换因子的集合，显示控制电路可以将输入颜色空间中的RGB值转换为输出颜色空间中的RGBW值。 显示控制电路可以将与RGBW输出颜色空间中的显示数据相对应的数据信号提供给显示像素阵列。

公开(公告)号：US20160314734A1

公开(公告)日：2016-10-27

申请号：US15203654

申请日：2016-07-06

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Marc Albrecht ,  Christopher P. Tann

IPC: G09G3/20

CPC classification number: G09G3/2055 ,  G09G3/2003 ,  G09G3/2051 ,  G09G3/2066 ,  G09G5/393 ,  G09G2310/08 ,  G09G2320/0247 ,  G09G2320/0266 ,  G09G2330/021 ,  G09G2330/022 ,  G09G2340/0435

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided to perform refresh-rate dependent dithering. One embodiment describes a computing device that includes an image source that generates spatially dithered image data and an electronic display communicatively coupled to the image source. More specifically, the electronic display receives the spatially dithered image data from the image source and determines a refresh rate with which to display an image by comparing a local histogram and an artifact histogram, in which the local histogram describes pixel grayscale distribution of a portion of the image and the artifact histogram describes a pixel grayscale distribution that when displayed will cause a perceivable artifact. Additionally, when the determined refresh rate is less than a threshold refresh rate of the electronic device, the electronic display spatially dithers the image data without temporally dithering the image data and displays the image based at least in part on the spatially dithered image data.

Abstract translation: 提供了系统和方法来执行刷新速率相关的抖动。 一个实施例描述了一种计算设备，其包括生成空间抖动图像数据的图像源和通信地耦合到图像源的电子显示器。 更具体地，电子显示器从图像源接收空间抖动的图像数据，并且通过比较局部直方图和伪影直方图来确定用于显示图像的刷新率，其中局部直方图描述了一部分的像素灰度分布 图像和伪像直方图描述了像素灰度分布，当显示时会产生可察觉的神器。 此外，当确定的刷新率小于电子设备的阈值刷新率时，电子显示器在空间上抖动图像数据而不会暂时地抖动图像数据，并且至少部分地基于空间抖动的图像数据来显示图像。

公开(公告)号：US20160117971A1

公开(公告)日：2016-04-28

申请号：US14986181

申请日：2015-12-31

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Paolo Scchetto ,  Christopher P. Tann ,  Taesung Kim ,  Sandro H. Pintz ,  Marc Albrecht ,  Chaohao Wang ,  David S. Zalatimo ,  Fenghua Zheng ,  Zhibing Ge

IPC: G09G3/20

CPC classification number: G09G3/20 ,  G09G2310/0254 ,  G09G2310/063 ,  G09G2310/08 ,  G09G2320/0204 ,  G09G2340/0435

Abstract: System and method for improving displayed image quality of an electronic display that displays a first image frame by applying a first voltage to a display pixel and a second image frame directly before the first image frame by applying a second voltage to the display pixel. A display pipeline is communicatively coupled to the electronic display and receives first image data corresponding with the first image frame, where the image data includes a first grayscale value corresponding with the display pixel. Additionally the display pipeline determines an inversion balancing grayscale offset based at least in part on the first grayscale value when polarity of the first voltage and polarity of the second voltage are the same and determines magnitude of the first voltage by applying the inversion balancing grayscale offset to the first grayscale value to reduce likelihood of a perceivable luminance spike when displaying the first image frame.

Abstract translation: 一种用于通过向显示像素施加第二电压来提高通过对第一图像帧之前的显示像素和第二图像帧施加第一电压来显示第一图像帧的电子显示器的显示图像质量的系统和方法。 显示管线通信地耦合到电子显示器并接收与第一图像帧对应的第一图像数据，其中图像数据包括与显示像素对应的第一灰度值。 此外，当第一电压的极性和第二电压的极性相同时，至少部分地基于第一灰度值，显示管线确定反转平衡灰度偏移，并且通过将反转平衡灰度偏移应用于第一电压的幅度来确定第一电压的幅度 第一灰度值，以在显示第一图像帧时降低可感知的亮度尖峰的可能性。

公开(公告)号：US09318069B2

公开(公告)日：2016-04-19

申请号：US14155297

申请日：2014-01-14

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Prasanna Nambi ,  Jason N. Gomez ,  Fenghua Zheng ,  Paolo Sacchetto ,  Sandro H. Pintz ,  Taesung Kim ,  Christopher P. Tann ,  Marc Albrecht ,  David W. Lum

IPC: G09G3/36

CPC classification number: G09G3/3618 ,  G06T1/20 ,  G06T2210/52 ,  G09G3/36 ,  G09G3/3611 ,  G09G3/3648 ,  G09G3/3655 ,  G09G3/3696 ,  G09G2310/08 ,  G09G2320/0626 ,  G09G2330/02 ,  G09G2330/021 ,  G09G2340/0435 ,  G09G2360/18 ,  G09G2370/08

Abstract: The disclosure describes procedures for dynamically employing a variable refresh rate at an LCD display of a consumer electronic device, such as a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a mobile phone, or a music player device. In some configurations, the consumer electronic device can include a host system portion, having one or more processors and a display system portion, having a timing controller, a buffer circuit, a display driver, and a display panel. The display system can receive image data and image control data from a GPU of the host system, evaluate the received image control data to determine a reduced refresh rate (RRR) for employing at the display panel, and then transition to the RRR, whenever practicable, to conserve power. In some scenarios, the transition to the RRR can be a transition from a LRR of 50 hertz or above to a RRR of 40 hertz or below.

Abstract translation: 本公开描述了在诸如膝上型计算机，平板计算机，移动电话或音乐播放器设备的消费电子设备的LCD显示器上动态地采用可变刷新率的过程。 在一些配置中，消费电子设备可以包括具有一个或多个处理器的主机系统部分和具有定时控制器，缓冲电路，显示驱动器和显示面板的显示系统部分。 显示系统可以从主机系统的GPU接收图像数据和图像控制数据，评估所接收的图像控制数据，以确定在显示面板上使用的刷新率降低（RRR），然后在切实可行的情况下转换到RRR ，以节省权力。 在某些情况下，过渡到RRR可以是从50赫兹或更高的LRR到40赫兹或更低的RRR的转换。

公开(公告)号：US20220059018A1

公开(公告)日：2022-02-24

申请号：US17406012

申请日：2021-08-18

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Shatam Agarwal ,  Sean C. Chang ,  Hao-Lin Chiu ,  Fenghua Zheng ,  Pierre-Yves Emelie ,  Yao Chen ,  Marc Albrecht ,  Mingxia Gu ,  Jun Qi ,  Wei Chen

IPC: G09G3/32

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) display can calculate a common voltage charge of a line of pixels in the LED display, the common voltage charge comprising a difference between a first line of pixels and a second line of pixels. If the calculated common voltage charge exceeds a predetermined threshold, a toggle matrix can be generated for the line of pixels. The toggle matrix can include a matrix of charge values generated by calculating a difference in charge values for each subpixel a first line of subpixels with each subpixel a second line of subpixels. The LED display can identify one or more regions of subpixels exhibiting the predetermined toggle pattern in the toggle matrix. The LED display can generate a voltage correction charge to apply to affected regions of the display. Alternatively, the subpixels or pixels could be swapped with adjacent pixels to reduce toggling or settling error.

公开(公告)号：US11024243B2

公开(公告)日：2021-06-01

申请号：US17034894

申请日：2020-09-28

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Chaohao Wang ,  Brijesh Tripathi ,  Christopher Philip Alan Tann ,  David S. Zalatimo ,  Guy Cote ,  Hao Nan ,  Marc Albrecht ,  Paolo Sacchetto ,  Sandro H. Pintz

IPC: G09G3/36

Abstract: An electronic device may generate content that is to be displayed on a display. The display may have an array of liquid crystal display pixels for displaying image frames of the content. The image frames may be displayed with positive and negative polarities to help reduce charge accumulation effects. A charge accumulation tracker may analyze the image frames to determine when there is a risk of excess charge accumulation. The charge accumulation tracker may analyze information on gray levels, frame duration, and frame polarity. The charge accumulation tracker may compute a charge accumulation metric for entire image frames or may process subregions of each frame separately. When subregions are processed separately, each subregion may be individually monitored for a risk of excess charge accumulation.

公开(公告)号：US20210012733A1

公开(公告)日：2021-01-14

申请号：US17034894

申请日：2020-09-28

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Chaohao Wang ,  Brijesh Tripathi ,  Christopher Philip Alan Tann ,  David S. Zalatimo ,  Guy Cote ,  Hao Nan ,  Marc Albrecht ,  Paolo Sacchetto ,  Sandro H. Pintz

IPC: G09G3/36

Abstract: An electronic device may generate content that is to be displayed on a display. The display may have an array of liquid crystal display pixels for displaying image frames of the content. The image frames may be displayed with positive and negative polarities to help reduce charge accumulation effects. A charge accumulation tracker may analyze the image frames to determine when there is a risk of excess charge accumulation. The charge accumulation tracker may analyze information on gray levels, frame duration, and frame polarity. The charge accumulation tracker may compute a charge accumulation metric for entire image frames or may process subregions of each frame separately. When subregions are processed separately, each subregion may be individually monitored for a risk of excess charge accumulation.

公开(公告)号：US10803828B2

公开(公告)日：2020-10-13

申请号：US15442296

申请日：2017-02-24

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Ameya Joshi ,  Marc Albrecht ,  Sean Chang ,  Tobias Jung

IPC: G09G5/10 ,  G09G3/34

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer readable media to improve the operation of display systems are disclosed. In general, techniques are disclosed for dynamically adjusting backlight elements based on image content. More particularly, a backlight element's intensity may be targeted for boosting (i.e., increasing) based on content of the backlight element's corresponding image region, where after a check may be made to determine if the proposed increase is likely to risk generation of a halo. If the proposed intensity increase would risk a halo, the backlight element's proposed intensity may be dimmed. Repeating the boost/dim cycle in an iterative fashion permits an image to be displayed with brighter highlights and deeper blacks.

公开(公告)号：US10672320B2

公开(公告)日：2020-06-02

申请号：US16132116

申请日：2018-09-14

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Hung Sheng Lin ,  Soojin Park ,  Bhadrinarayana L. Visweswaran ,  Chieh-Wei Chen ,  Anshi Liang ,  Marc Albrecht ,  Pierre-Yves Emelie ,  Sean C. Chang ,  Hyunwoo Nho ,  Mohammad Hajirostam ,  Myung-Je Cho ,  Shengkui Gao ,  Wei H. Yao ,  Yafei Bi

IPC: G09G3/20 ,  G09G3/3208

Abstract: A display device may include a processor that may receive image data, such that the image data may include gray level data and display brightness value (DBV) data for a first pixel of a display. The processor may then determine a gain compensation factor associated with the first pixel based on a correction spatial map, a brightness adaptation lookup table (LUT), the gray level data, and the DBV data. The processor may then determine an offset compensation factor associated with the first pixel based on the correction spatial map, the brightness adaptation lookup table (LUT), the gray level data, and the DBV data. The processor may generate compensated gray level data by applying the gain compensation factor and the offset compensation factor to the gray level data and transmit the compensated gray level data to pixel driving circuitry associated with the first pixel.