摘要:
An air conditioning control device includes an operating-unit specifying unit, an adjacent-unit specifying unit and an adjacent-unit control unit, and collectively controls the operation of an indoor unit group. The operating-unit specifying unit specifies an operating unit to perform an air conditioning operation from the indoor units included in the indoor unit group. The adjacent-unit specifying unit specifies an adjacent unit adjacent to the operating unit from the indoor units included in the indoor unit group. The adjacent-unit control unit causes the adjacent unit to perform an air flow generating operation. This air flow inhibits air conditioned by the air conditioning operation of the operating unit from diffusing from an air conditioning target space.
摘要:
[Object] In a fishing line for capturing large fishes made by a polyvinylidenefluoride resin filament, a polyvinylidenefluoride resin filament wherein even by enhancing the tensile strength at break by enlarging the filament diameter than that of usual fishing line, an appropriate tensile elongation at break can be obtained, so that the rapid and enormous impact generated when large fishes have taken the bait can be reduced, and that has a homogenous fiber structure which generates almost no inner cavity when forming a filament with a large diameter, is developed.
摘要:
A playback apparatus has a platform 1410 that is a program execution environment of an application 1400. When the platform 1410 initiates the application 1400, a graphics information transmission unit 1403, which corresponds to an API function, obtains graphics information and stores the graphics information in a graphics information storage unit 1413. A graphics information control unit 1414 selects graphics information to be rendered, based on a stream event obtained by a stream event reception unit 1416 and the graphics information stored in the graphics information storage unit 1413. The graphics information control unit 1414 has a graphics rendition unit 1415 render the selected graphics with a video playback timing relating to the stream event.
摘要:
Embodiments of the invention provide a magnetic disk drive that does not generate errors when information is read even if considerable time has elapsed after the information was written on the magnetic disk. In one embodiment, a magnetic disk has a storage area divided into a plurality of sectors ST1. Time stamps TP1 corresponding to each sector data m1 stored in the sectors ST1 are stored in a time stamp recording medium. A processor controls the magnetic disk drive to read time stamps TP2 of sector data m2 stored in any sectors ST2 of the sectors ST1 and refresh sector data m3 selected based on an elapsed time calculated from information about the time when the time stamps are read and the time stamps TP2.
摘要:
Disclosed is an extruded propylene polymer resin foam comprising a propylene polymer resin exhibiting a biaxial extensional viscosity of at least 3.0.times.10.sup.6 poise at a biaxial extensional strain of 0.2, and a biaxial strain hardening rate .alpha. of at least 0.25, the biaxial strain hardening rate .alpha. being defined by the following formula:.alpha.=0.77.times.(log .eta..sub.2 -log .eta..sub.1)wherein .eta..sub.1 represents the biaxial extensional viscosity at a biaxial extensional strain of 0.01, and .eta..sub.2 represents the biaxial extensional viscosity at a biaxial extensional strain of 0.2,said foam containing a vast plurality of cells, and having a thickness of at least 20 mm, a density of from 0.005 to 0.03 g/cm.sup.3, an average cell diameter of from 0.4 to 2.0 mm, and a closed cell ratio of at least 80%. The resin foam of the present invention has not only light weight, but also exhibits high cushioning performance and excellent mechanical strengths, so that, after fabricated into various sizes by cutting, the resultant resin foam articles can be advantageously used in the fields of cushion packaging materials, floating materials, and heat insulating materials.
摘要翻译:PCT No.PCT / JP95 / 00126 Sec。 371日期1996年6月24日 102(e)日期1996年6月24日PCT提交1995年1月31日PCT公布。 WO95 / 20622 PCT公开号 日期1995年8月3日公开是挤出的丙烯聚合物树脂泡沫,其包含丙烯聚合物树脂,其双轴拉伸应变为0.2,双轴拉伸粘度为至少3.0×10 6泊,双轴拉伸应变硬化率α至少为0.25, 双轴应变硬化率α由下式定义:α= 0.77x(log eta 2-log eta 1)其中eta 1表示双轴拉伸应变为0.01时的双轴拉伸粘度,eta 2表示双轴拉伸粘度 所述泡沫体含有大量的细胞,并且具有至少20mm的厚度,0.005-0.03g / cm 3的密度,0.4-2.0mm的平均泡孔直径,和 闭孔率至少为80%。 本发明的树脂发泡体不仅具有重量轻,而且还具有高的缓冲性能和优异的机械强度,因此通过切割将其制成各种尺寸之后,所得树脂发泡体制品可有利地用于缓冲包装领域 材料,浮动材料和绝热材料。
摘要:
A method of cleaning and disinfecting a contact lens comprising immersing a contact lens in a treating solution, applying a direct current to the treating solution with repeatedly reversing a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a pair of electrodes plural times to generate peroxide and raise the temperature of the treating solution so that the interval of time before reversing is different from or equal to the interval of time after reversing to 50.degree. to 100.degree. C., and bringing the contact lens into direct contact with bubbles generated on the electrodes. Since this method is excellent in electrical safety and cleaning and disinfecting effects, contact lenses can be easily cleaned and disinfected.
摘要:
A process for the preparation of substantially linear, highly polymerized polyesters by polycondensing a glycol ester of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and/or a low molecular weight condensate thereof, the process being characterized by using as a polycondensation catalyst a preformed titanate compound obtained by reacting a titanic acid ester represented by the formula Ti(OR).sub.4, where R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, with an aromatic acid selected from the group consisting of trimellitic acid, trimellitic anhydride, hemimellitic acid, hemimellitic anhydride or a mixture of one or more thereof at a molar ratio of from about 0.5 to about 2.5 mols of the aromatic acid per 1 mol of the titanic acid ester, to thereby form polyesters which have a high softening point and good color tone. SUBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the InventionThis invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyesters, in particular, to a process for the preparation of substantially linear, highly polymerized aromatic polyesters having a high softening point and good color tone.2. Description of the Prior ArtPolyesters obtained by reacting an aromatic dicarboxylic acid with a glycol have excellent mechanical, physical and chemical properties, and hence are widely used for fiber, film and other moulding materials. Among such polyesters, polyesters obtained by reacting an acid component consisting mainly of terephthalic acid with a glycol component selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol and cyclohexane-1,4-dimethanol are especially important.In manufacturing the aforesaid polyesters--e.g., polyethylene terephthalate, conventional processing consists of heating the ethylene glycol ester of terephthalic acid and/or a low molecular weight condensate thereof under reduced pressure to effect polycondensation. In carrying out the polycondensation reaction on a commercial scale, catalysts are used to accelerate reaction. The rate of polycondensation and the qualities of the resulting polyester are greatly influenced by the kind(s) of catalyst(s) used.Titanium compounds are known as excellent catalysts for the above-described polycondensation reaction.For example, U.S. Pat. No. 2,822,348, Haslam, issued Feb. 4, 1958, discloses tetraisopropyltitanate, and British patent specification No. 793,111 to I.C.I. Limited, published Apr. 9, 1958, discloses an organic titanate, such as tetramethyl titanate and tetrabutyl titanate as a catalyst in the polycondensation reaction.Although titanium compounds result in a very rapid rate of polycondensation, they also result in the formation of polyesters having a distinctly yellow color and provide polyesters with a decreased softening point. Methods have also been proposed to avoid the disadvantage of yellowness in polyesters formed as described.For example, British Pat. No. 949,085 to I.C.I. Limited, published Feb. 12, 1964, discloses the use of a catalyst system which is the combination of a germanium compound (such as germanium tetraethoxide) and a titanium compound (such as titanium tetraisopropoxide or titanium tetrabutoxide) whereby the disadvantage of yellowness in the resulting polyester is considerably reduced. However, the rate of polycondensation is also reduced as compared to the use of a titanium compound alone. Further, this catalyst system is difficult to store for extended times because titanium compounds, such as titanium tetraisopropoxide or titanium tetrabutoxide, easily lose catalytic activity in the presence of a small amount of water.British Pat. No. 851,061 to Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., published Oct. 12, 1960, discloses the use of preformed organic titanate compounds formed by the rection of titanic acid esters with polyhydroxy compounds, such as ethylene glycol lor tetramethylene glycol, polycarboxylic compounds, such as maleic acid, phthalic acid and trimesic acid, or hydroxy carboxylic compounds, such as lactic acid and hydroxy benzoic acid. In the preparation of polyesters, these preformed organic titanate compounds accelerate the rate of polymerization and permit the formation of polymers of high molecular weight. However, as a result of experiments performed by the present inventors, it was found that the preformed organic titanate compounds disclosed in this British patent do not fully overcome the disadvantage of yellowness of the obtained polyesters so as to provide a color tone suitable for commercial use. In addition, for example, the preformed organic titanate compound derived from phthalic acid does not sufficiently accelerate the rate of polymerization. Finally, it is difficult to uniformly react trimesic acid (benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid) with a titanic acid ester.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIt has now been surprisingly found that if a preformed titanate compound obtained by reacting a titanic acid ester with an aromatic tricarboxylic acid having the capacity to form an anhydride is used as a catalyst in the polycondensation of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid with a glycol to form a polyester, the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art can be substantially overcome.It is, therefore, one object of the present invention to provide a process for the preparation of substantially linear, highly polymerized polyesters having a high softening point and good color tone.It is another object of the present invention to provide a process for the preparation of polyesters using a polycondensation catalyst which is easily obtained and storable for extended periods of time without degradation.The above-mentioned objects are attained by the process for the preparation of polyesters in accordance with the present invention, which comprises polycondensing a glycol ester of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and/or a low molecular weight condensate thereof while removing glycol therefrom in the presence of a polycondensation catalyst which is preformed titanate compound obtained by reacting a titanic acid ester represented by the formula Ti(OR).sub.4, where R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, with an aromatic acid selected from the group consisting of trimellitic acid (benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid), trimellitic anhydride, hemimellitic acid (benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid), hemimellitic anhydride or a mixture of one or more thereof.
摘要:
A method for producing a magnetic disk device includes injecting replacement gas into a hermetically-sealed enclosure by means of an injection nozzle while suctioning gas from inside of the hermetically-sealed enclosure by means of a suction nozzle in such a way that the gas pressure inside of the enclosure does not fall below the vapor pressure of the organic compounds present inside of the enclosure, wherein the hermetically-sealed enclosure houses within a magnetic disk for storing data, a magnetic head for writing/reading the data, and an actuator for moving the magnetic head relative to the magnetic disk, and wherein a gas injection port and a gas expulsion port are formed in the hermetically-sealed enclosure and provide communication between the inside and outside, wherein an injection nozzle is disposed at the gas injection port and a suction nozzle is disposed at the gas expulsion port.
摘要:
A vapor deposition device (50) in accordance with the present invention is a vapor deposition device for forming a film on a film formation substrate (60), including: a vapor deposition source (91) which has a plurality of injection holes (92) from which vapor deposition particles are to be injected towards the film formation substrate (60), the plurality of injection holes (92) being arranged in a line or in a plurality of lines; a vapor deposition crucible (93) for supplying the vapor deposition particles to the vapor deposition source (91) via a pipe (94), the pipe being connected to the vapor deposition source (91) on a side where one end of the line(s) of the plurality of injection holes (92) is located; moving means for moving the film formation substrate (60) relative to the vapor deposition source(s) (91); and a rotation mechanism (100) for rotating the vapor deposition source (91).
摘要:
A biodegradable filament of polyglycolic acid resin having practical properties represented by high tensile strength and knot strength is produced. A polyglycolic acid resin having a residual monomer content of below 0.5 wt. % is melt-spun, quenched in a liquid bath of at most 10° C. and then stretched in a liquid bath of 60-83° C. to produce a polyglycolic acid resin filament having a tensile strength of at least 750 MPa and a knot strength of at least 600 MPa.