摘要:
Disclosed herein is a sensor utilizing attenuated total reflection. The sensor is constructed of a measuring chip, an optical system, and a measuring section. The measuring chip is equipped with a dielectric block, a thin film layer formed on the dielectric block, and a liquid-sample holding portion for holding a liquid sample. The optical system is used to make a light beam enter the dielectric block at various angles of incidence so that a total internal reflection condition is satisfied at an interface between the dielectric block and the thin film layer. The measuring section measures the state of attenuated total reflection, based on the intensity of the light beam totally reflected at the interface. The liquid-sample holding portion has an opening at its top surface. The sensor further has a lid supply mechanism for placing a lid on the opening to prevent evaporation of the liquid sample.
摘要:
A fluorescence observing apparatus including a light source for emitting excitation light, an excitation light irradiation section for irradiating the excitation light to a sample, and a fluorescence measurement section for measuring fluorescence emitted from the sample by the irradiation of the excitation light. In the fluorescence observing apparatus, a GaN semiconductor laser is employed as the light source.
摘要:
An analysis chip comprises a thin film layer, which is formed on a dielectric material block and has two different regions. A flow path unit comprising a supply path for supplying a sample onto the thin film layer and a discharging path for discharging the sample is releasably loaded into the analysis chip. A light beam is irradiated to a first interface between one region of the thin film layer and the dielectric material block, and a second interface between the other region of the thin film layer and the dielectric material block, in a parallel manner. Refractive index information with regard to a substance to be analyzed, which is located on the thin film layer, is acquired from intensities of the light beam totally reflected from the first interface and the light beam totally reflected from the second interface.
摘要:
A method and system by which the sentinel lymph node, which is the first lymph node to which cancer is transferred when cancer is transferred to lymph nodes, is detected easily and with a high degree of accuracy. A fluorescent colorant is injected near a tumor, and after a predetermined period of time an abdominal operation is performed and stimulating light is projected onto the area being examined. Because the fluorescent colorant has been accumulated on the sentinel lymph node, it emits fluorescent light, which is then magnified and converted to a visual image. The examiner can view the normal image and the visible image at the same time. Because the stimulating light is in the near-infrared wavelength band, which is difficult for the fatty and other tissue that cover the sentinel lymph node to absorb, the sentinel lymph node is detected from the surface of the tissue.
摘要:
A fuel gas inlet is provided at an outer circumferential edge portion of a second separator. First fuel gas flow passage grooves for supplying a fuel gas to an anode electrode are formed on a side of a surface of the second separator. First fuel gas connecting flow passages, which make communication between the fuel gas inlet and the first fuel gas flow passage grooves, include flow passage lo grooves which are provided on a side of a surface, and through-holes which penetrate through the second separator to make communication with the first fuel gas flow passage grooves. Accordingly, excellent sealing performance is ensured with a simple structure, and it is possible to realize a thin-walled fuel cell.
摘要:
A region of interest in a living body is exposed to excitation light, which causes it to produce fluorescence. The fluorescence is separated with respect to desired wavelength ranges and detected. A first detector detects an entire fluorescence component or a fluorescence sum component, which is the sum of a fluorescence component of a comparatively short wavelength region and a fluorescence component of a comparatively long wavelength region. A second detector detects a fluorescence component of a comparatively long wavelength region or a fluorescence difference component, which is the difference between a fluorescence component of a comparatively short wavelength region and a fluorescence component of a comparatively long wavelength region. The output from the first detector and the output from the second detector are divided by each other. The fluorescence intensity depending upon the distance with respect to the region of interest is thus corrected such that no error may occur in making an operation.
摘要:
Silver halide black-and-white photosensitive material is processed with a fixer which contains 0.5 to 2.0 mol/liter of a thiosulfate and 0.003 to 0.3 mol/liter of a meso-ionic compound, the moles of the meso-ionic compound divided by the moles of the thiosulfate being from 0.003 to 0.2. The fixer accelerates fixing speed, enabling rapid processing of photographic material.
摘要:
A black and white direct positive image forming process is disclosed. The process comprises imagewise exposing to light a silver halide light sensitive material and developing the material with a black and white developing solution. The light-sensitive material comprises a non-pre-fogged internal latent image type silver halide emulsion layer provided on a support. The material further contains a quaternary salt nucleating agent and a nucleating accelerator. In the present invention, the black and white developing solution contains an imidazole compound and a benzotriazole compound. The amount of the benzotriazole compound is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10 wt.% of the amount of the imidazole compound. The black and white direct positive image is preferably formed on a computer output microfilm (COM).
摘要:
A vacuum package of a photographic processing composition consisting of a plurality of components is obtained by placing the components in a bag as separate solid state layers in a vacuum sealed manner. A normally liquid component is converted into a solid adduct in order to form a layer. A substantially water insoluble component or trace component is coated on the surface of particles of a water soluble inorganic compound, from which another layer is formed. The packaged composition is taken out of the bag and diluted with water to prepare a processing solution.
摘要:
A process for developing a silver halide photographic material having, on a support, at least one silver halide emulsion layer comprising a silver halide emulsion spectrally sensitized by an infrared-sensitizing dye, which is subjected to image-wise exposure, then development and fixing processing and then washing or stabilization processing, wherein the silver halide in the silver halide emulsion layer contains 90 mol % or more of silver chloride, the swelling rate for hydrophilic colloid layers containing the silver halide emulsion layer is 150% or less, and the replenishment in the washing or stabilization processing is 1,200 ml or less per square meter of the photographic material.