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    Preparation of carbonates
    61.
    发明授权
    Preparation of carbonates 失效
    碳酸盐的制备

    公开(公告)号：US4436668A

    公开(公告)日：1984-03-13

    申请号：US267763

    申请日：1981-05-28

    申请人： Wolfgang Harder ,  Franz Merger ,  Friedrich Towae

    发明人： Wolfgang Harder ,  Franz Merger ,  Friedrich Towae

    IPC分类号： C07C69/96 ,  B01J27/125 ,  B01J31/00 ,  B01J31/02 ,  B01J31/04 ,  B01J31/26 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C68/00

    CPC分类号： C07C68/00

    摘要： Carbonates are prepared by reacting carbamic acid esters with alcohols at above 140.degree. C., the ammonia formed being stripped from the reaction mixture during the reaction by passing an inert gas or vapor therethrough.The carbonates obtainable by the process of the invention are valuable starting materials for the preparation of dyes, crop protection agents and plastics.

    摘要翻译： 通过在140℃以上使氨基甲酸酯与醇反应制备碳酸盐，在反应过程中通过使惰性气体或蒸汽通过其中形成的氨被从反应混合物中汽提。 通过本发明方法可获得的碳酸酯是用于制备染料，作物保护剂和塑料的有价值的起始材料。

    Process for producing polyamides from aminonitriles
    63.
    发明授权
    Process for producing polyamides from aminonitriles 有权
    从氨腈制备聚酰胺的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06194538B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-02-27

    申请号：US09242714

    申请日：1999-02-22

    申请人： Robert Weiss ,  Dieter Krauss ,  Dieter Keller ,  Gunter Pipper ,  Wolfgang Harder ,  Alfons Ludwig ,  Ralf Mohrschladt

    发明人： Robert Weiss ,  Dieter Krauss ,  Dieter Keller ,  Gunter Pipper ,  Wolfgang Harder ,  Alfons Ludwig ,  Ralf Mohrschladt

    IPC分类号： C08G6904

    CPC分类号： C08G69/04 ,  C08G69/08 ,  C08G69/28 ,  C08G69/36

    摘要： A process for preparing a polyamide by reacting at least one aminonitrile with water comprises: (1) reacting at least one aminonitrile with water at a temperature from 100 to 360° C. and a pressure from 0.1 to 35×106 Pa to obtain a reaction mixture, (2) further reacting the reaction mixture at a temperature from 150 to 400° C. and a pressure which is lower than the pressure in step 1, the temperature and the pressure being selected so as to obtain a first gas phase and a first liquid or a first solid phase or a mixture of first solid and first liquid phase, and the first gas phase is separated from the first liquid or the first solid phase or from the mixture of first liquid and first solid phase, and (3) admixing the first liquid or the first solid phase or the mixture of first liquid and first solid phase with a gaseous or liquid phase comprising water at a temperature from 150 to 360° C. and a pressure from 0.1 to 30×106 Pa to obtain a product mixture.

    摘要翻译： 通过使至少一种氨基腈与水反应制备聚酰胺的方法包括：（1）在100至360℃的温度和0.1至35×10 6 Pa的压力下使至少一种氨基腈与水反应，得到反应混合物， （2）在150-400℃的温度和低于步骤1中的压力的​​压力下使反应混合物进一步反应，选择温度和压力以获得第一气相和第一液体 或第一固相或第一固相和第一液相的混合物，并且第一气相与第一液体或第一固相或第一液体和第一固相的混合物分离，以及（3）将 第一液体或第一固相或第一液体和第一固相的混合物与气相或液相在150至360℃的温度和0.1至30×10 6 Pa的压力下包含水以获得产物混合物。

    Process for continuous preparation of homopolymers of ethyleneimine
    66.
    发明授权
    Process for continuous preparation of homopolymers of ethyleneimine 失效
    连续制备乙烯亚胺均聚物的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5977293A

    公开(公告)日：1999-11-02

    申请号：US077877

    申请日：1998-06-08

    申请人： Ulrich Steuerle ,  Wolfgang Reuther ,  Wolfgang Harder

    发明人： Ulrich Steuerle ,  Wolfgang Reuther ,  Wolfgang Harder

    IPC分类号： C08G73/02 ,  C08G73/04

    CPC分类号： C08G73/0206 ,  C08G73/0213

    摘要： A process for the continuous preparation of homopolymers of ethyleneimine by polymerization of ethyleneimine in a solvent in the presence of catalysts at temperatures of at least 80.degree. C., in homogeneous liquid phase in a tubular reactor in which the ratio of length to internal diameter is at least 5:1. There are obtained polyethyleneimines having a content of secondary nitrogen atoms of more than 40 to 60% and molecular weight distribution M.sub.w /M.sub.n of from 1.5:1 to 3:1.

    摘要翻译： 一种通过乙烯亚胺在溶剂中在催化剂存在下，在至少80℃的温度，在管式反应器中的均相液相中聚合乙烯亚胺的方法，其中长度与内径之比为 至少5：1。 得到二级氮原子含量大于40〜60％，分子量分布Mw / Mn为1.5：1〜3：1的聚乙烯亚胺。

    Preparation of 5-cyanovalerates
    68.
    发明授权
    Preparation of 5-cyanovalerates 失效
    5-氰基戊酸酯的制备

    公开(公告)号：US5616773A

    公开(公告)日：1997-04-01

    申请号：US419608

    申请日：1995-04-10

    申请人： Stefan Stahl ,  Wolfgang Harder ,  Arthur Hoehn

    发明人： Stefan Stahl ,  Wolfgang Harder ,  Arthur Hoehn

    IPC分类号： C07C253/30 ,  C07C255/03

    CPC分类号： C07C253/30

    摘要： Preparation of 5-cyanovalerates (I) by the carbonylation of a 1-cyanobutene with carbon monoxide and an alkanol (II) corresponding to the ester radical at an elevated temperature and under superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a cobalt catalyst as well as in the presence of an activating solvent, in which the activating solvent used is an effective amount of a urea of the formula IIIcR.sub.2 N--CO--NR.sub.2 (IIIc)where R is, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyl or where 2R groups together form 5-membered to 7-membered rings. The end products I serve as intermediates, chiefly for the preparation of .epsilon.-caprolactam.

    摘要翻译： 在钴催化剂存在下，在升高的温度和超大气压下，通过与一氧化碳和对应于酯基的链烷醇（II）的1-氰基丁腈的羰基化制备5-氰基戊酸酯（I） 活化溶剂的存在，其中使用的活化溶剂是有效量的式IIIcR2N-CO-NR2（IIIc）的脲，其中R是，C1-C6-烷基，C5-C7-环烷基或其中2R基团一起 形成5元至7元环。 最终产品我作为中间体，主要用于制备ε-己内酰胺。

    Process for the preparation of dialkyl carbonates
    70.
    发明授权
    Process for the preparation of dialkyl carbonates 失效
    制备碳酸二甲酯的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5142087A

    公开(公告)日：1992-08-25

    申请号：US564324

    申请日：1990-08-08

    申请人： Klaus Joerg ,  Franz-Josef Mueller ,  Wolfgang Harder ,  Rudolf Kummer

    发明人： Klaus Joerg ,  Franz-Josef Mueller ,  Wolfgang Harder ,  Rudolf Kummer

    IPC分类号： B01J27/122 ,  B01J31/02 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C68/00 ,  C07C69/96

    CPC分类号： C07C68/005

    摘要： A process for the continuous synthesis of dialkyl carbonates of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, by reaction of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkanols with carbon monoxide and oxygen at elevated temperature and pressure and in the presence of a copper-containing catalyst dissolved or suspended in the reaction medium, whereina) a gas stream containing carbon monoxide and oxygen is bubbled through the alkanol/catalyst mixture present in the reactor at a rate of from 1 to 100 liters per hours per gram of copper present in the reactor, part of which gas stream reacts with the alkanol to form dialkyl carbonate and water, which components are continuously entrained, together with alkanol, as a gaseous mixture, from the reaction mixture by means of the remaining, unreacted portion of the carbon monoxide/oxygen gas stream, whereuponb) the resulting gaseous mixture is separated, in a separator, into gaseous and liquid phases, the gaseous phase being recycled to the reactor if desired, andc) the liquid phase, which essentially consists of dialkyl carbonate, water and alkanol, is separated into its components, the dialkyl carbonate being isolated and the alkanol, if desired, recycled to the reactor, andd) the liquid in the reactor is replenished by adding fresh or recycled alkanol at the rate at which the alkanol is consumed and discharged.

    摘要翻译： 通过在升高的温度和压力下将C1-C4-链烷醇与一氧化碳和氧气反应，连续合成通式I的二烷基碳酸酯的方法，其中R表示C 1 -C 4 - 烷基， 溶解或悬浮在反应介质中的含铜催化剂的存在，其中a）含有一氧化碳和氧气的气流以1至100升/小时的速率通过反应器中存在的链烷醇/催化剂混合物 存在于反应器中的每克铜，其中一部分气流与链烷醇反应以形成碳酸二烷基酯和水，该组分与来自反应混合物的烷醇作为气态混合物一起通过剩余的， 一氧化碳/氧气流的未反应部分，然后b）将所得气体混合物在分离器中分离成气相和液相，如果需要，将气相再循环至反应器 ，和c）基本上由碳酸二烷基酯，水和链烷醇组成的液相被分离成其组分，分离出碳酸二烷基酯，如果需要，链烷醇再循环到反应器中，和d）反应器中的液体 通过以消耗和排出链烷醇的速率加入新鲜或回收的链烷醇来补充。