公开(公告)号：US07283613B2

公开(公告)日：2007-10-16

申请号：US11300939

申请日：2005-12-15

Applicant: Geoffrey Harding

Inventor： Geoffrey Harding

IPC: G01N23/201

CPC classification number: G01V5/0025

Abstract: A method of measuring a momentum transfer spectrum of elastically scattered X-ray quanta which emanate from a scatter voxel inside an object to be examined is described. A scatter voxel emits X-radiation in an X-direction and has a primary collimator which allows through only primary radiation aimed at a single isocentre at the origin of a Cartesian coordinates system. The X-ray quanta are emitted at an angle of scatter (Θ) with a constant Z-component (Θz). The method includes simultaneous recording of the energy spectrum of scatter quanta from the scatter voxel at different angles of scatter (Θ) with a spatially-resolving and energy-resolving detector in the Y-Z plane, determining the momentum transfer from the geometric data of the radioscopy unit for different angles of scatter (Θ), and combining respective diffraction profiles belonging to different angles of scatter (Θ) to produce a total-diffraction profile.

Abstract translation: 描述了测量从被检查物体内的散射体素产生的弹性散射X射线量子的动量传递光谱的方法。 散射体素沿X方向发射X射线，并且具有主准直器，其允许仅通过瞄准在笛卡尔坐标系原点处的单个等中心的主辐射。 X射线量子以散射角（Theta）以恒定的Z分量（Theta z z）发射。 该方法包括使用散射体素以不同的散射角（Theta）与YZ平面中的空间分辨和能量分辨检测器同时记录散射量子的能量谱，从辐射检查的几何数据确定动量传递 用于不同散射角（Theta）的单位，并且组合属于不同散射角（Theta）的各个衍射曲线以产生总衍射分布。

公开(公告)号：US07127036B2

公开(公告)日：2006-10-24

申请号：US10506376

申请日：2003-02-19

Applicant: Geoffrey Harding ,  Volker Doormann ,  Bernd David

Inventor： Geoffrey Harding ,  Volker Doormann ,  Bernd David

IPC: H01J35/02

CPC classification number: H01J35/18 ,  H01J35/08 ,  H01J2235/082

Abstract: A device for generating X-rays having a source for emitting electrons accommodated in a vacuum space, a liquid metal for emitting X-rays as a result of the incidence of electrons, and a pump for causing a flow of the liquid metal through a constriction where the electrons emitted by the source impinge upon the liquid metal, the constriction having a cross-sectional area which, seen in a flow direction, increases so that during operation in the flow direction, a decrease of a flow velocity takes place such that a decrease of a pressure of the liquid metal in the constriction, caused by viscous flow losses, substantially corresponds with an increase of the pressure caused by the decrease of the velocity so that a uniform and relatively low mechanical load is exerted on a window separating the constriction from the vacuum space during operation.

Abstract translation: 一种用于产生具有用于发射容纳在真空空间中的电子的源的X射线的装置，用于由于电子的入射而发射X射线的液体金属，以及用于使液态金属流过狭缝的泵 其中由源发射的电子撞击在液态金属上，收缩部具有在流动方向上看到的横截面积，使得在流动方向上操作时，会发生流速的降低，使得 由粘性流动损失导致的收缩部中的液态金属的压力的降低基本上对应于由速度的降低引起的压力的增加，使得均匀且相对较低的机械载荷施加在分开收缩部的窗户 从真空空间运行。

公开(公告)号：US06925151B2

公开(公告)日：2005-08-02

申请号：US10257996

申请日：2002-01-30

Applicant: Geoffrey Harding ,  Bernd David ,  Jens Peter Schlomka ,  Leonardus Petrus Maria Tielemans ,  Willem Potze

Inventor： Geoffrey Harding ,  Bernd David ,  Jens Peter Schlomka ,  Leonardus Petrus Maria Tielemans ,  Willem Potze

IPC: H01J35/10 ,  H01J35/08 ,  H01J35/00

CPC classification number: H01J35/08 ,  H01J2235/082

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) for generating X-rays (57). The device comprises a source (7) for emitting electrons (53) and a liquid metal for emitting X-rays as a result of the incidence of electrons. The device further comprises a displacing member (11) for displacing the liquid metal through an impingement position (55) where the electrons emitted by the source impinge upon the liquid metal. As a result of the flow of liquid metal through the impingement position the heat, which is generated in the impingement position as a result of the incidence of the electrons upon the liquid metal, is transported away from the impingement position.According to the invention, the displacing member (11) has a contact surface (61), which is in contact with the liquid metal in the impingement position (55), and a driving member (31) for moving the contact surface in a direction which, in the impingement position, is substantially parallel to the contact surface. Thus the flow of liquid metal in the impingement position is achieved as a result of viscous shear forces in the liquid metal caused by friction forces between the liquid metal and the moving contact surface. As a result, the necessary pressure of the liquid metal is limited.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于产生X射线（57）的装置（1）。 该装置包括用于发射电子的源（7）和由于电子的入射而发射X射线的液态金属。 该装置还包括用于使液体金属移动通过冲击位置（55）移动的位移构件（11），其中由源发射的电子撞击在液态金属上。 作为液体金属流过冲击位置的结果，由于电子在液态金属上的入射而​​在冲击位置产生的热量被运送离开冲击位置。 根据本发明，移动构件（11）具有与冲击位置（55）中的液体金属接触的接触表面（61）和用于使接触表面沿方向移动的驱动构件（31） 其在冲击位置处基本上平行于接触表面。 因此，液态金属在冲击位置的流动是由于液态金属与可动接触面之间的摩擦力引起的液态金属中的粘性剪切力而实现的。 结果，液态金属的必要压力受到限制。

公开(公告)号：US06560313B1

公开(公告)日：2003-05-06

申请号：US09713877

申请日：2000-11-16

Applicant: Geoffrey Harding ,  Bernd Ulmer

Inventor： Geoffrey Harding ,  Bernd Ulmer

IPC: H01J3508

CPC classification number: H01J35/08 ,  H01J2235/082

Abstract: The invention relates to an X-ray source for generating substantially monochromatic fluorescent X-rays by means of a primary and a secondary target. The radiation source is characterized in that the primary target (10) is a liquid metal or a liquid metal alloy which is conducted between a first window (2) which is transparent to an electron beam and a second window (6) which is transparent to X-rays and is adjoined by the secondary target (11) in such a manner that the electrons which are incident on the primary target via the first window produce X-rays which have a maximum energy which corresponds essentially to an absorption edge of the secondary target when they reach the secondary target, so that substantially monochromatic fluorescent X-rays are excited in the secondary target.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于通过初级和次级靶产生基本单色荧光X射线的X射线源。 辐射源的特征在于，主要靶（10）是液态金属或液态金属合金，其在对电子束透明的第一窗口（2）和对电子束透明的第二窗口（6）之间传导，所述第二窗口（6）对于 X射线并且以次级靶（11）的方式邻接，使得经由第一窗口入射到主要靶上的电子产生具有基本上对应于次级吸收边缘的最大能量的X射线 目标，使得基本上单色的荧光X射线在次级靶中被激发。

公开(公告)号：US06470067B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-22

申请号：US09795019

申请日：2001-02-28

Applicant: Geoffrey Harding

Inventor： Geoffrey Harding

IPC: G21K110

CPC classification number: A61B6/4291 ,  A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/483

Abstract: A computed tomography apparatus includes a scanning unit which is rotatable relative to an examination zone, about an axis of rotation extending through the examination zone, a radiation source for generating a radiation beam, a diaphragm arrangement which is arranged between the radiation source and the examination zone in order to form a fan beam traversing the examination zone from the radiation beam, and a two-dimensional detector arrangement including a plurality of detector elements and a part of the measuring surface of which detects primary radiation from the fan beam whereas another part of its measuring surface detects scattered radiation produced in the examination zone. Perfect acquisition of the momentum transfer spectrum is achieved in that a collimator arrangement with a plurality of lamellas is arranged between the examination zone and the detector arrangement. The lamellas preferably are situated in planes that intersect each other at the focus of the radiation source and subdivide the fan beam into a number of segments so that the detector elements present in a column extending parallel to the axis of rotation are struck by primary radiation or scattered radiation from the same segment.

Abstract translation: 计算机断层摄影装置包括扫描单元，其可相对于检查区域旋转，围绕穿过检查区域的旋转轴线，用于产生辐射束的辐射源，布置在辐射源和检查之间的隔膜装置 区域，以形成从辐射束穿过检查区的扇形光束;以及包括多个检测器元件的二维检测器装置，并且其测量表面的一部分检测来自风扇光束的主要辐射，而另一部分 其测量面检测在检查区产生的散射辐射。 通过在检查区域和检测器装置之间布置具有多个薄片的准直器装置来实现动量传递光谱的完美采集。 薄片优选地位于在辐射源的焦点处彼此相交的平面中，并将扇形光束细分成多个分段，使得存在于平行于旋转轴线延伸的列中的检测器元件被初级辐射或 来自同一片段的散射辐射。

公开(公告)号：US5986257A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-16

申请号：US868230

申请日：1997-06-03

Applicant: Geoffrey Harding

Inventor： Geoffrey Harding

IPC: G01N23/223 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G01V5/02 ,  G01N23/203

CPC classification number: G01N23/223 ,  G01V5/0008 ,  G01V5/0069 ,  G01V5/02 ,  G01N2223/076

Abstract: A method of detecting an object in an examination zone is well-suited for detecting land mines buried in the soil. The mean atomic numbers of the object is different from that of the examination zone. The examination zone is irradiated by gamma radiation. The annihilation radiation thus generated is measured and evaluated. The gamma radiation, which is sufficiently strong to generate electron-positron pairs, amounts to less than 10 MeV. The radiation generated in the examination zone by the gamma radiation beam is detected by a plurality of detector elements, which are arranged in such a manner that they can always detect only a respective segment of the gamma radiation beam.

Abstract translation: 在检查区域中检测物体的方法非常适用于检测埋在土壤中的地雷。 对象的平均原子数不同于检查区的原子序号。 检查区由伽马辐射照射。 测量和评估由此产生的湮灭辐射。 足够强以产生电子 - 正电子对的γ辐射相当于小于10MeV。 通过伽马辐射束在检查区域中产生的辐射由多个检测器元件检测，多个检测器元件被布置成使得它们总是只能检测伽马辐射束的相应部分。

公开(公告)号：US5473653A

公开(公告)日：1995-12-05

申请号：US195412

申请日：1994-02-14

Applicant: Geoffrey Harding

Inventor： Geoffrey Harding

IPC: A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/02 ,  G06T1/00 ,  H05G1/60 ,  G01N23/00

CPC classification number: H05G1/60

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of generating slice images of an examination zone which is irradiated by X-rays from a plurality of radiation source positions in order to generate separate single images, each associated with a difficult one of the source position for each single image there being stored image values which correspond to the absorption in its image points, slice images being generated in that slice image values are derived from the image values of the image points of the single images which are geometrically associated with a slice image point. This may give rise to contrast reversal and pseudo-resolution effects. These effects are eliminated in that the slice image values are derived by a weighted summing operation where the weighting factor applied to the image values of the single images enter the summing operation decreases as the distance between the radiation source position associated with the single image a central radiation source position increases.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种生成由多个辐射源位置的X射线照射的检查区的切片图像的方法，以便产生单独的单个图像，每个图像与每个单个图像的源位置中的困难的一个相关联 存在对应于其图像点中的吸收的存储图像值，从该切片图像值中生成的切片图像从与切片图像点几何关联的单个图像的图像点的图像值导出。 这可能会导致对比度反转和伪解析效果。 消除了这些效果，即通过加权求和操作导出切片图像值，其中施加到单个图像的图像值的加权因子进入求和操作随着与单个图像相关联的辐射源位置之间的距离而变小 辐射源位置增加。

公开(公告)号：US5394453A

公开(公告)日：1995-02-28

申请号：US15096

申请日：1993-02-05

Applicant: Geoffrey Harding

Inventor： Geoffrey Harding

IPC: G01N23/18 ,  G01N23/20 ,  G01N23/201

CPC classification number: G01N23/201

Abstract: A device for measuring the pulse transfer spectrum of X-ray quanta, includes a polychromatic X-ray source and an energy-resolving detector device for the scattered X-ray quanta. A secondary diaphragm device, arranged between the examination zone in which the object whose pulse transfer spectrum is to be determined is situated, and the detector device ensure on the one that each detector element of the detector device can detect scattered radiation only at a comparatively accurately defined scatter angle, and that the scatter angles of the various detector elements do not excessively deviate from one another.

Abstract translation: 用于测量X射线量子的脉冲传送光谱的装置包括多色X射线源和用于散射X射线量子的能量分辨检测器装置。 设置在其中要确定脉冲传送光谱的物体的检查区域之间的次级隔膜装置，并且检测器装置确保检测器装置的每个检测器元件仅能以相当准确的方式检测散射的辐射 定义的散射角，并且各种检测器元件的散射角彼此不会过度偏离。

公开(公告)号：US4380817A

公开(公告)日：1983-04-19

申请号：US185845

申请日：1980-09-10

Applicant: Geoffrey Harding ,  Wolfgang Wagner

Inventor： Geoffrey Harding ,  Wolfgang Wagner

IPC: G01N23/18 ,  A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/02 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G01N23/203 ,  G01N23/20

CPC classification number: A61B6/483 ,  A61B6/02

Abstract: Devices that measure the electron density in a body by means of radiation scattered from a narrow pencil beam of penetrating radiation directed through the body, produce defective images on reconstruction of the density distribution because of multiple scattering of radiation. This can of course be reduced by scattered ray diaphragms, but cannot be eliminated entirely. The invention therefore provides a means for detecting the size of the multiple scattered radiation component be measurement. For this purpose, the detector array which measures radiation including the single scattered radiation, is screened, at least osscasionally, from the single scattered radiation and the detected intensity values measured by the detector elements when so screened, are used to correct the values generated by measuring the detected radiation including the single scattered radiation.

Abstract translation: 通过从穿过身体的穿透辐射的窄笔形束散射的辐射来测量身体中的电子密度的装置，由于辐射的多次散射而在重建密度分布时产生缺陷图像。 这当然可以通过散射的光阑减少，但不能完全消除。 因此，本发明提供了一种用于检测多个散射辐射分量测量的尺寸的装置。 为此目的，用于测量包括单个散射辐射的辐射的检测器阵列至少在某种程度上从单个散射辐射被筛选，并且当被筛选时由检测器元件测量的检测到的强度值被用于校正由 测量包括单个散射辐射的检测到的辐射。

公开(公告)号：US08625740B2

公开(公告)日：2014-01-07

申请号：US13087191

申请日：2011-04-14

Applicant: Geoffrey Harding ,  Gabriel Zienert

Inventor： Geoffrey Harding ,  Gabriel Zienert

IPC: G01N23/20

CPC classification number: G01N23/20

Abstract: A method for correcting an X-ray diffraction (XRD) profile measured by an X-ray diffraction imaging (XDi) system is provided. The XDi system includes an anode, a detector, and a control system. The method includes obtaining an emission spectrum of the anode using the control system. The emission spectrum includes spectral structures. The method further includes calculating a piecewise spectral-correction function using the spectral structures in the emission spectrum, obtaining a measured spectrum of an object, and applying the spectral-correction function to the measured spectrum to generate a spectrally-corrected measured spectrum.

Abstract translation: 提供了通过X射线衍射成像（XDi）系统测量的用于校正X射线衍射（XRD）轮廓的方法。 XDi系统包括阳极，检测器和控制系统。 该方法包括使用控制系统获得阳极的发射光谱。 发射光谱包括光谱结构。 该方法还包括使用发射光谱中的光谱结构计算分段光谱校正函数，获得物体的测量光谱，以及将光谱校正函数应用于所测量的光谱以产生光谱校正的测量光谱。