摘要:
An optical modulation device includes scanning electrodes and signal electrodes disposed opposite to and intersecting with the signal electrodes, and an optical modulation material disposed between the electrodes, a pixel being formed at each intersection of the electrodes and showing a contrast depending on the polarity of a voltage applied thereto. The device is driven by a method including, in a writing period for writing in all or prescribed pixels among the pixels on a selected scanning electrode, a first phase for applying a voltage of one polarity having an amplitude exceeding a first threshold voltage of the optical modulation material to the all or prescribed pixels, and a second phase for applying a voltage of the other polarity having an amplitude exceeding a second threshold voltage of the optical modulation material to a selected pixel and applying a voltage not exceeding the threshold voltages of the optical modulation material to the other pixels, respectively among the all or prescribed pixels. The maximum duration of a continually applied voltage of the same polarity applied to a pixel on a scanning electrode is 2.5 times the duration of the first phase in the writing period.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes a light source; an optical shutter unit comprising a pair of parallel substrates respectively having a plurality of scanning electrodes and a plurality of data electrodes disposed to intersect with each other to form a matrix electrode structure on their opposite surfaces, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates so as to form a microshutter at each intersection of the scanning electrodes and data electrodes; an optical system for forming an image at a desired position with light transmitted through the optical shutter unit; a photosensitive member as a medium for recording the thus formed image; a scanning side drive circuit for applying a scanning voltage signal to the plurality of scanning electrodes so as to sequentially select at least one scanning electrode in a prescribed cycle; and a data side drive unit for applying data voltage signals to the plurality of data electrodes in synchronism with said scanning voltage signal. Image data are transferred on the optical shutter unit corresponding to the movement of the photosensitive member so as to move an image formed thereby on the photosensitive member while keeping the relative position of the image with respect to the photosensitive member.
摘要:
A ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal device having an improved impact resistance and an improved contrast is provided by using a pair of substrates provided with uniaxial alignment axes which are parallel and identical in direction with each other. A ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal is disposed between the pair of substrates so as to assume a higher-temperature alignment state and a lower-temperature alignment state on temperature decrease in its ferroelectric smectic phase placed in a bistable alignment state. The ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal is further placed in the lower-temperature alignment state which is characterized by having an inclination of forming a connected pair of a lightning defect and a hair pin defect coming after the lightning defect.
摘要:
An optical modulation device comprises scanning electrodes and signal electrodes disposed intersecting with each other to form a pixel at each intersection of the scanning electrodes and signal electrodes. The contrast of each pixel is discriminated depending on an electric field applied thereto. The optical modulation device is driven by a method comprising providing the scanning electrodes with at least three potential levels of V.sub.1, V.sub.2 and V.sub.3 which satisfy the relation of V.sub.1 >V.sub.2 >V.sub.3 and providing the signal electrodes with at least three levels of V.sub.4, V.sub.5 and V.sub.6 which satisfy the relation of V.sub.4 >V.sub.5 >V.sub.6 ; wherein the potentials V.sub.1, V.sub.3, V.sub.4 and V.sub.6 are set to satisfy the relation of V.sub.1 -V.sub.3 =V.sub.4 -V.sub.6.
摘要:
Ion generating device includes plural first electrodes extending in a first direction; plural second electrodes extending in the second direction to constitute a matrix; a third electrode so disposed that the second electrodes lie between the first electrodes and the third electrode, the third electrode having apertures corresponding to the matrix; a first dielectric member disposed between the first electrodes and the second electrodes; a second dielectric member disposed between the second electrodes and third electrode and having plural apertures corresponding to the matrix, which apertures each have a cross-sectional area generally decreasing toward the third electrode. A method of manufacturing the same includes the steps of providing an assembly constituted by the first electrodes, the second electrodes and the first dielectric member interposed therebetween; bonding a photosensitive sheet to the second electrodes and bonding a conductive sheet to the photosensitive sheet; forming apertures corresponding to the matrix in the conductive sheet; and exposing the photosensitive sheet with the conductive sheet having the apertures functioning as mask and then removing the exposed portions to form apertures in the photosensitive sheet to provide the second dielectric member.
摘要:
The specification and the drawings discloses, in a ferroelectric liquid crystal device used for a liquid crystal display device, a liquid crystal-optical shutter, etc., a technique for stably retaining a desired alignment state for a long period of time to improve display and driving characteristics by providing protection means for protecting the liquid crystal cell from a phenomenon of generating a sanded texture caused by an external force such as an impact applied to the cell.
摘要:
An active matrix display apparatus includes an active matrix display panel comprising a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix in a row direction and a column direction, each pixel being constituted by a plurality of subpixels; and a drive circuit for applying a voltage to each of the subpixels so that a polarity of the voltage is inverted at a predetermined period in each of a row direction and a column direction. The plurality of subpixels are arranged in the row direction at a period different from half of the predetermined period of polarity inversion of the voltage in the row direction, thus providing flicker-less color display device even when general driver ICs for dot inversion drive are used.
摘要:
A generation device, having a magneto generator, in which an AC control voltage is applied from a battery charged with a rectified output of the magneto generator to an armature winding of the generator through an inverter to control a battery voltage to a limit value or less, comprising: fixed point detection means for detecting a fixed point on a waveform of a phase current of the generator; phase current phase detection means for detecting a phase angle of the fixed point in relation to a reference phase; arithmetical operation means for arithmetically operating timing for generating the AC control voltage with reference to the phase of the fixed point; and inverter control means for controlling switch elements of the inverter so as to generate the AC control voltage at the timing arithmetically operated by the arithmetical operation means.
摘要:
A power device including a magneto and a rectification circuit for rectifying an output of the magneto is provided which is capable of adjusting an output of the magneto without any specific control circuit. A field adjusting excitation coil is arranged on a side of a stator of the magneto so as to generate a field adjusting magnetic flux when it is excited, resulting in a magnet field of the magneto being varied by means of the magnetic flux. The field adjusting excitation coil is connected to an intermediate portion of a current flow circuit for a load current, to thereby be excited by the load current, so that a magnet field of a rotor of the magneto is varied depending on the load current, leading to adjustment of an output of the magneto.
摘要:
A capacitor lower electrode is formed so as to be connected to a main surface of a silicon substrate. The capacitor lower electrode includes a plug portion, a bottom wall portion, and a vertical wall portion. An insulation layer for suppressing crystallization of the vertical wall portion is formed between the bottom wall portion and the vertical wall portion. A capacitor upper electrode is formed on the capacitor lower electrode with a capacitor dielectric layer therebetween.