公开(公告)号：US20210099232A1

公开(公告)日：2021-04-01

申请号：US17035170

申请日：2020-09-28

Applicant: RAYTHEON COMPANY

Inventor： Gary M. Graceffo ,  Andrew Kowalevicz ,  Benjamin P. Dolgin

IPC: H04B10/516

Abstract: An optical transmitter and a method of producing a low-photon-density modulated optical signal are disclosed. The optical transmitter and method include an optical source configured to emit a continuous optical carrier waveform, a dilation module configured to apply a spreading code to a data payload to spread each of the plurality of symbols in time to expand the symbol duration by a dilation factor and produce a corresponding plurality of time-dilated symbols, the plurality of time-dilated symbols having a lower photon density than the plurality of symbols; a mapping module configured to map the plurality of time-dilated symbols to a modulation scheme; and a modulator configured to modulate the optical carrier waveform with the plurality of time-dilated symbols according to the modulation scheme to produce the low-photon-density modulated optical signal encoded with the plurality of time-dilated symbols corresponding to the data payload.

公开(公告)号：US20200371328A1

公开(公告)日：2020-11-26

申请号：US16881962

申请日：2020-05-22

Applicant: RAYTHEON COMPANY

Inventor： Andrew Kowalevicz ,  Benjamin P. Dolgin ,  Gary M. Graceffo ,  Paul Searcy ,  Rizwan Parvez

IPC: G02B17/00 ,  H04B10/66 ,  H04B10/114

Abstract: Method and apparatus to maintain a resonant condition of an optical cavity such that the optical path length through the optical cavity is independent or minimally dependent on the angle of incidence of a received optical signal are disclosed. A material within the optical cavity has an index of refraction that varies as a function of an angle of propagation of light within the material, thereby achieving the independence of the optical path length and the angle of incidence. The resonant condition is maintained over a range of angles of incidence of the received optical signal.

公开(公告)号：US10243673B2

公开(公告)日：2019-03-26

申请号：US15816670

申请日：2017-11-17

Applicant: RAYTHEON COMPANY

Inventor： Benjamin P. Dolgin ,  Andrew Kowalevicz ,  Gary M. Graceffo

IPC: G02B5/28 ,  G02F7/00 ,  H04B10/67

Abstract: Aspects are generally directed to optical signal receivers and methods. In one example, a receiver includes an optical resonator assembly configured to receive an optical signal at each of a plurality of optical resonators, each optical resonator configured to resonate optical signal energy at a corresponding frequency of the received optical signal, each optical resonator being tuned to a different corresponding frequency of the received optical signal, and each optical resonator being configured to output corresponding output optical signal energy. The receiver includes a detector assembly to detect the corresponding output optical signal energy from each optical resonator, and a signal processing circuit configured detect a frequency variation of the received optical signal based on the corresponding output optical signal energy from at least two of the plurality of optical resonators, and configured to generate a digital signal based on the frequency variation.

公开(公告)号：US20180313642A1

公开(公告)日：2018-11-01

申请号：US15963759

申请日：2018-04-26

Applicant: RAYTHEON COMPANY

Inventor： Benjamin P. Dolgin ,  Andrew Kowalevicz ,  Gary M. Graceffo

IPC: G01B11/06

CPC classification number: G01B11/06

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for measuring thickness and related properties of transparent objects, such as glass. In one example a measurement system includes a light source that produces a collimated optical beam, a modulator that modulates the collimated optical beam to produce a collimated modulated optical beam, optics configured to direct the collimated modulated optical beam to illuminate the transparent test object, and a detector sub-system that receives an intensity-modulated optical beam output from the test object and measures variations in intensity of the intensity-modulated optical beam corresponding to an intensity modulation of the intensity-modulated optical beam, the intensity-modulated optical beam being derived from interaction of the collimated modulated input optical beam with the transparent test object, the detector sub-system being further configured to produce a representation of the thickness and/or related properties of the test object based on the measured variations in intensity of the intensity-modulated optical beam.

公开(公告)号：US20180234231A1

公开(公告)日：2018-08-16

申请号：US15892799

申请日：2018-02-09

Applicant: RAYTHEON COMPANY

Inventor： Benjamin P. Dolgin ,  Andrew Kowalevicz ,  Gary M. Graceffo

IPC: H04L7/00 ,  H04B10/60

CPC classification number: H04L7/0075 ,  H04B10/60

Abstract: Aspects are generally directed to optical receivers and methods for detecting a non-persistent communication superimposed on an overt communication channel. In one example, an optical receiver includes an optical resonator to receive an optical signal having one or more symbols encoded thereon at a modulated symbol repetition rate, the modulated symbol repetition rate being modulated relative to a nominal symbol repetition rate. The optical resonator is configured to emit an intensity-modulated output optical signal that has a variation in an intensity thereof corresponding to a symbol transition in the optical signal. The optical receiver further includes signal processing circuitry including a clock configured to generate a reference signal, a photodetector configured to generate a trigger signal, and a non-persistent communication decoder configured to determine a temporal misalignment between the symbol transition and the nominal symbol repetition rate based on the reference signal and the trigger signal.

公开(公告)号：US09973281B2

公开(公告)日：2018-05-15

申请号：US15717175

申请日：2017-09-27

Applicant: RAYTHEON COMPANY

Inventor： Andrew Kowalevicz ,  Gary M. Graceffo ,  Benjamin P. Dolgin

IPC: H04B10/00 ,  H04B10/67 ,  G02B17/00 ,  G02B5/28 ,  G02F2/00 ,  H04J14/00

CPC classification number: H04B10/671 ,  G02B5/28 ,  G02B17/004 ,  G02F2/00 ,  H04B10/1123

Abstract: Optical signal receivers and methods are provided that include an optical resonator that allows an optical signal to enter and optical signal energy to accumulate at regions inside the optical resonator. A portion of optical signal energy is emitted from among various regions of the optical resonator, such that a combination of the emitted optical signal energy is disturbed when a phase transition occurs in the received optical signal. A detector aligned with the output detects the combined emitted optical signal energy and is configured to detect the disturbance and determine a characteristic of the phase transition in the received optical signal based upon the disturbance.

公开(公告)号：US09755674B2

公开(公告)日：2017-09-05

申请号：US14704900

申请日：2015-05-05

Applicant: Raytheon Company

Inventor： Gary M. Graceffo ,  Andrew M. Kowalevicz

IPC: G09C1/00 ,  H04B1/04 ,  H04L9/08 ,  H04L9/16 ,  H04L7/06 ,  H04L7/04 ,  H04L25/49 ,  H04L12/26

CPC classification number: G06F1/12 ,  G09C1/00 ,  H04B1/0475 ,  H04L7/042 ,  H04L7/065 ,  H04L9/08 ,  H04L9/16 ,  H04L25/4902 ,  H04L43/0864 ,  H04L43/087

Abstract: A system and method provide a signal carrier; an overt persistent digital channel containing a host signal and carried on the signal carrier; a non-persistent channel encoded onto the host signal by timing variation of the host signal, the non-persistent channel including access data for accessing hidden information in the host signal.

公开(公告)号：US20170244443A1

公开(公告)日：2017-08-24

申请号：US15052181

申请日：2016-02-24

Applicant: Raytheon Company

Inventor： Gary M. Graceffo ,  Andrew Kowalevicz

IPC: H04B1/707 ,  H04L9/32 ,  G06F21/64

CPC classification number: G06F21/64

Abstract: Generally discussed herein are systems, devices, and methods for waveform watermarking. A device can include an overt symbol modulator to receive mapped overt data and provide overt data modulated in accord with an overt data modulation scheme, a covert symbol modulator to receive mapped covert data and provide, using dither modulation and micro-amplitude modulation, covert data modulated in accord with a covert data modulation scheme, a switch to receive the modulated covert data and the modulated overt data and forward the covert data and modulated overt data based on a signal indicating whether covert data is to be transmitted or covert data is to be transmitted, and transmission circuitry to produce an electromagnetic waveform of the modulated data from the switch.

公开(公告)号：US09692139B2

公开(公告)日：2017-06-27

申请号：US14792977

申请日：2015-07-07

Applicant: Raytheon Company

Inventor： Andrew Kowalevicz ,  Gary M. Graceffo

IPC: H04J4/00 ,  H01Q21/00

CPC classification number: H01Q21/00 ,  H01Q21/20 ,  H04B2210/006

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for an OAM system having simultaneous OAM states. In embodiments, m data streams are encoded and split into n copies each of which is delayed to produce a distinct RF orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode. The delayed copies are combined using wave division multiplexing. The combined m data streams are transmitted using n antenna elements.

公开(公告)号：US09608335B2

公开(公告)日：2017-03-28

申请号：US14590260

申请日：2015-01-06

Applicant: RAYTHEON COMPANY

Inventor： Gary M. Graceffo ,  Andrew M. Kowalevicz

IPC: H01Q19/10 ,  H01Q19/13 ,  H01Q21/28

CPC classification number: H01Q19/13 ,  H01Q21/28

Abstract: Antennas and other transducers for use in transmitting and receiving twisted waves are disclosed. A reflector includes numerous parabolic segments having focal lengths that decrease monotonically with azimuth angle. A feed is used that is located at a focal length associated with one of the segments. Thus, each segment has a phase delay that is related to a difference between the primary focal length and the focal length of the segment. This variation of phase delay with azimuth allows twisted waves to be transmitted and received.