摘要:
A metal coordination compound having the following structure: wherein M′ is Ir or Rh, m′ is 2, and are identical to each other and are represented by a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl isoquinoline ligand. A luminescence device and a display apparatus using this metal coordination is compound are provided.
摘要:
An organic EL device includes a luminescence layer containing a metal coordination compound represented by the following formula (1): LmML′n, wherein M denotes Ir, Pt, Rh or Pd; L denotes a bidentate ligand; L′ denotes a bidentate ligand different from L; m is an integer of 1, 2 or 3; and n is an integer of 0, 1 or 2 with the proviso that the sum of m and n is 2 or 3. The partial structure MLm is represented by formula (2) or formula (3) shown below, and the partial structure ML′n is represented by formula (4) or formula (5) shown below: wherein CyN1, CyN2 and CyN3 independently denote a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic group containing a nitrogen atom connected to M; CyN4 denotes a cyclic group containing 8-quinoline or its derivative having a nitrogen atom connected to M.
摘要:
In a luminescence device formed of one or plural layers of organic film between a cathode and an anode, at least one layer is a luminescence layer, and a luminescence molecule of a metal coordination compound having a basic structure represented by formula (1) MLnL′n and having a substituent on at least one of cyclic groups incorporated as a guest in a host material at a concentration of at least 8 wt. %, which is higher than a concentration at which a luminescence molecule of a similar structure but having no substituent exhibits a maximum luminescence efficiency to form the luminescence layer. As a result, a high-efficiency luminescence device is provided, which is less likely to cause concentration extinction even when a luminescence molecule is contained at a high concentration relative to the host material in the luminescence layer.
摘要:
In a normally black mode liquid crystal display, the liquid crystal display and the method prevents the light leakage arising from existing the step for adjusting the thickness of the liquid crystal layer between the reflective electrode and the transparent electrode and that high contrast displaying can be possible. The interval adjustment layer is formed between the first substrate that the reflective electrode is formed in the reflective region and the transparent electrode is formed in the transmissive region, and the second substrate that is fixed at predetermined interval from the first substrate. This interval adjustment layer is adjuster of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the reflective region on the second substrate, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the reflective region is preferable to be set approximately the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the transmissive region.
摘要:
A metal coordination compound suitable as an organic material for a luminescent device is represented by the following formula (1): wherein M denotes Ir, Pt, Rh or Pd; n is 2 or 3; Y denotes an alkylene group having 2-6 carbon atoms capable of including one or at least two non-neighboring methylene groups which can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —C(O)—, —C(O)—O— or —O—C(O)— and capable of including a hydrogen atom which can be replaced with a linear or branched alkyl group which has 1-10 carbon atoms and is capable of including a hydrogen atom which can be replaced with fluorine atom; and CyN denotes a cyclic group containing a nitrogen atom connected to M and capable of having a substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom; a nitro group; a phenyl group; a trialkylsilyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms; and a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms capable of including one or at least two non-neighboring methylene groups which can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —C(O)—, —C(O)—O—, —O—C(O)—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C— and capable of including a hydrogen atom which can be replaced with a fluorine atom.
摘要:
A liquid crystal device has a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal composition comprising a discotic mesomorphic compound and a rod-shaped mesomorphic compound. The discotic mesomorphic compound and the rod-shaped mesomorphic compound are essentially mutually different in molecular structure and refractive index anisotropy and are co-present in the liquid crystal layer in a mutual phase separation state, thus improving a light-scattering performance of the liquid crystal device.
摘要:
An active matrix-type liquid crystal device is constituted by a pair of substrates, a chiral smectic liquid crystal composition disposed between the pair of substrates so as to form a plurality of pixels, and a plurality of active elements provided to the pixels, respectively, for driving the liquid crystal device in a matrix driving scheme. The chiral smectic liquid crystal composition may preferably comprise at least two specific fluorine-containing mesomorphic compounds and assume two stable states between which a threshold voltage for switching from one of the two stable states to the other stable state is different from a threshold voltage for switching from the other stable state to said one of the two stable states and liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal composition change their alignment states so as to provide a halftone state depending on a voltage applied to the chiral smectic liquid crystal.
摘要:
An image forming method for developing an electrostatic latent image on a moving image-bearing member with a magnetic developer and for removing the residual toner after transfer of a developed toner image onto a transfer member is described. The method includes providing a rotatable, cylindrical permanent magnet having a plurality of magnetic poles on the surface for supporting and conveying the magnetic developer directly on the magnet surface; forming an electrostatic latent image into a toner image by attracting and conveying a magnetic developer including a nonspherical magnetic toner obtained by a polymerization or a nonspherical magnetic or non-magnetic toner obtained by a polymerization and magnetic carriers; and removing the residual toner remaining on the image-bearing member after transferring this toner image by a cleaning blade. The method also includes a surface magnetic flux density ranging from 50 to 1200 G, and a value of h, defined as .pi.D.multidot.Vp/(M.multidot.Vm), of 2 or less wherein Vp (mm/s) is the moving speed of the image-bearer, and D (mm), M, and Vm (mm/s) are the outer diameter, the number of magnetic poles, and the peripheral speed of the permanent magnet, respectively.
摘要:
An image forming method for developing an electrostatic latent image on an image-bearing member that moves bearing electrostatic latent images formed of a two-component magnetic developer is described. The method includes the steps of providing a rotatable cylinder for supporting and conveying said magnetic developer, the cylinder including a permanent magnet with a plurality of magnetic poles provided on the surface. Magnetic carriers in the magnetic developer are attracted and conveyed on the surface of the permanent magnet, the magnetic carriers having an average particle size of 5 to 20 .mu.m and opposite to toner in polarity of charge. A carrier particle magnetization .sigma..sub.1000 in a magnetic field of 1000 Oe so as to amount to 50 emu/g or less is also used. The method also includes a surface magnetic flux density ranging from 50 to 1200 G, and a value of h, defined as .pi.D.multidot.Vp/(M.multidot.Vm), of 2 or less wherein Vp (mm/s) is the moving speed of the image-bearer, and D (mm), M, and Vm (mm/s) are the outer diameter, the number of magnetic poles, and peripheral speed of the permanent magnet, respectively.
摘要:
A liquid crystal composition contains a mesomorphic compound represented by the following formula (A): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 denotes a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms; X.sub.1 denotes a single bond, --O--, --CO--O-- or --O--CO--; X.sub.2 denotes a single bond, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CO--O-- or --O--CO--; n is an integer of 3-16; and A.sub.1 denotes ##STR2## and a mesomorphic compound represented by the following formula (B): ##STR3## wherein R.sub.2 denotes a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms; X.sub.3 and X.sub.4 independently denote a single bond, --O--, --CO--O-- or --O--CO--; m is an integer of 3-16; and A.sub.2 denotes ##STR4## The liquid crystal composition may preferably be formulated as a chiral smectic liquid crystal composition. The liquid crystal composition is useful in providing a liquid crystal device using the liquid crystal composition with a good alignment characteristic, a good drive characteristic, and a high contrast ratio.