公开(公告)号：US06465788B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-15

申请号：US09626744

申请日：2000-07-26

Applicant: Dwight Medley

Inventor： Dwight Medley

IPC: G01T120

CPC classification number: E21C35/22 ,  E21C35/24 ,  H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/28

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube and a method and apparatus for molding an optical coupler thereto are described. An optical coupler molding fixture includes a frame and a frame base. A photomultiplier tube is positioned within the frame between a spring and a shim. The optical coupler is formed with a mold which is positioned against the shim. A cavity is created radially interior to the shim between the photomultiplier tube and the mold. The optical coupler is molded to a faceplate of the photomultiplier tube with the fixture oriented so that its longitudinal axis L is parallel to the ground. A clamping structure presses the mold against the shim and provides the optical coupler material a non-leak space in which to cure. The optical coupler material is injected into the mold through a fill hole, and may be injected at ambient temperature. Curing time may range from one week at ambient temperatures to four hours at 65° C. The mold can be machined to create any form desired for the optical coupler. The shim can be sized and configured to allow for adjustment in the thickness of the optical coupler. The optical coupler may be as thin as less than 0.015 inches in thickness. If, for example, a thicker optical coupler is desired, the shim may be made thicker. The edge of the photomultiplier tube housing which abuts the shim is checked for its perpendicularity to the longitudinal axis L. Without perpendicularity, proper alignment of the photomultiplier tube is less likely.

Abstract translation: 对光电倍增管及其光耦合器的成型方法和装置进行说明。 光耦合器成型夹具包括框架和框架基座。 光电倍增管位于框架内，位于弹簧和垫片之间。 光耦合器形成有抵靠垫片定位的模具。 在光电倍增管和模具之间的垫片的径向内部形成空腔。 光耦合器被模制到光电倍增管的面板上，其中夹具被定向成使得其纵向轴线L平行于地面。 夹紧结构将模具按压在垫片上，并为光学耦合器材料提供不渗漏空间以固化。 光耦合器材料通过填充孔注入模具中，并且可以在环境温度下注入。 固化时间可以在环境温度下从一周到65℃的四小时。可以对模具进行加工以产生光学耦合器所需的任何形式。 垫片的尺寸和构造可以调节光耦合器的厚度。 光耦合器的厚度可以小到0.015英寸。 如果例如需要较厚的光耦合器，则垫片可以被制成较厚的。 检查邻近垫片的光电倍增管外壳的边缘是否垂直于纵向轴线L.无垂直的情况下，光电倍增管的正确对准不太可能。

公开(公告)号：US20020079426A1

公开(公告)日：2002-06-27

申请号：US09749172

申请日：2000-12-27

Applicant: General Electric Company

Inventor： Marshall Gordon Jones

IPC: H01J040/14

CPC classification number: H01J43/04 ,  H01J9/50 ,  Y02W30/828

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube includes dynodes electrically joined to corresponding leads. The tube, containing a loose debris particle, may be reprocessed by positioning the particle at an accessible site inside the tube. A power laser is aimed at the particle through a transparent wall of the tube and fired to reduce the size of the particle.

公开(公告)号：US06262521B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-17

申请号：US09171320

申请日：1998-11-13

Applicant: Richard Lundin ,  Hans Lauche

Inventor： Richard Lundin ,  Hans Lauche

IPC: H01J4300

CPC classification number: H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/24

Abstract: A particle and photon detector includes a body having a beam-incident surface (8) capable of releasing secondary electrons in numbers proportional to the number of particles incident on the surface, and a plurality of secondary electron multiplier channels (4) whose inlet openings are disposed in the beam-incident surface, therewith to amplify the number of secondary electrons. A center channel (2) extends from the beam-incident surface (8) through the detector body and enables a beam of particles or photons to pass through the body. The inlet openings of the secondary electron multipliers are conveniently disposed in the beam-incident surface in a ring around the center channel for receiving secondary electrons. The method applied in the detection of charged particles, such as ions and electrons, in a beam that contains charged and charge-free particles comprises the steps of subjecting the charged particles to the effect of an electric field so as to collect the charged particles in an outer tubular layer or beam which surrounds the residual beam of charge-free particles, such as to form two mutually, coaxial beams, wherein the outer tubular particle beam is captured by a plurality of secondary electron multipliers and wherein signals delivered by the electron multipliers are read-off.

Abstract translation: 粒子和光子检测器包括具有能够释放与入射在表面上的粒子数目成比例的数量的二次电子的束入射表面（8）的主体和多个入口开口为 设置在光束入射表面中，从而放大二次电子的数量。 中心通道（2）从光束入射表面（8）延伸穿过检测器主体并且使得一束粒子或光子能够穿过身体。 二次电子倍增器的入口开口方便地设置在围绕中心通道的环中的束入射表面中，用于接收二次电子。 在包含带电和无电荷粒子的光束中用于检测带电粒子（例如离子和电子）的方法包括以下步骤：使带电粒子受到电场的影响，以便将带电粒子收集在 围绕剩余的无电荷粒子束的外部管状层或光束，例如形成两个相互同轴的光束，其中外部管状粒子束被多个二次电子倍增器俘获，并且其中由电子倍增器传送的信号 被读取。

公开(公告)号：US5886465A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-23

申请号：US936900

申请日：1997-09-25

Applicant: Shinichi Muramatsu ,  Fumihiro Takayama ,  Toyohiko Terada

Inventor： Shinichi Muramatsu ,  Fumihiro Takayama ,  Toyohiko Terada

IPC: H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/22 ,  H01J43/18

CPC classification number: H01J43/22 ,  H01J43/04

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube of the present invention is the one which collects the electrons, which have been multiplied by the dynodes laminated into a plurality of stages in the electron multiplier section and that have subsequently been reflected at the final-stage dynode, as an output signal. The photomultiplier tube forms the final-stage dynode as multi-stage, for example, in two layers, and has its alkali metal vapor passage holes of its first layer so arranged as to have the holes shifted with respect to the alkali metal vapor passage holes of the second layer. Furthermore, each of the dynodes, except the final-stage dynode consists of the focusing mesh electrode, the coarse mesh electrode, and the spacer electrode and the reinforcing bars are formed at identical locations in the coarse mesh electrode and the spacer electrode. Secondary electron emission sections are provided in the vicinity regions of these reinforcing bars of the focusing mesh electrodes.

Abstract translation: 本发明的光电倍增管是收集电子的电子，它们已被倍增电极倍增，层叠在电子倍增器部分中的多个级并且随后在最终级倍增电极处被反射，作为输出信号 。 光电倍增管形成最终级倍增极，例如为多层，例如分为两层，其第一层的碱金属蒸气通过孔布置成具有相对于碱金属蒸气通过孔移动的孔 的第二层。 此外，除了最终级倍增电极之外，每个倍增电极都由聚焦网状电极，粗网状电极和间隔电极组成，并且钢筋形成在粗网状电极和间隔电极中的相同位置处。 二次电子发射部设置在聚焦网电极的这些钢筋的附近区域。

公开(公告)号：US5874728A

公开(公告)日：1999-02-23

申请号：US847259

申请日：1997-05-01

Applicant: Motohiro Suyama ,  Suenori Kimura ,  Tetsuya Saito ,  Tetsuya Morita

Inventor： Motohiro Suyama ,  Suenori Kimura ,  Tetsuya Saito ,  Tetsuya Morita

IPC: H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/28 ,  H01J43/12

CPC classification number: H01J40/02 ,  H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/28

Abstract: This invention relates to an electron tube having a structure for enabling a stable operation for a long time. In the electron tube, at least a confining mechanism is arranged between a photocathode and the electron incident surface of a semiconductor device, which are arranged to oppose each other through a container. Particularly, the area of the opening of the confining mechanism is smaller than that of the electron incident surface, thereby confining the orbits of photoelectrons from the photocathode. This structure avoids bombardment of electrons arriving at portions other than the electron incident surface of the semiconductor device and prevents the semiconductor device from being unnecessarily charged.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及具有能够长时间稳定运行的结构的电子管。 在电子管中，至少一个限制机构被布置在光电阴极和半导体器件的电子入射表面之间，它们通过容器彼此相对布置。 特别地，限制机构的开口面积小于电子入射面的面积，从而限制光电子从光电阴极的轨道。 这种结构避免了到达不同于半导体器件的电子入射表面的部分的电子的轰击，并且防止半导体器件被不必要地充电。

公开(公告)号：US5847380A

公开(公告)日：1998-12-08

申请号：US924263

申请日：1997-09-05

Applicant: Masumi Tachino ,  Hidehiro Kume ,  Suenori Kimura ,  Takashi Goto

Inventor： Masumi Tachino ,  Hidehiro Kume ,  Suenori Kimura ,  Takashi Goto

IPC: H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/28 ,  H01J40/16

CPC classification number: H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/28

Abstract: The present invention relates to a versatile side-on type photomultiplier comprising a structure for improving the uniformity in light receiving sensitivity. This photomultiplier comprises a positioning structure for precisely positioning, with respect to the light receiving surface of a photocathode, a lens element which guides light to be detected to a photocathode and constitutes a part of an envelope accommodating the photocathode. The precisely positioned lens element guides the light to be detected into, of the light receiving surface of the photocathode, an effective region where the light receiving sensitivity is high, thereby restraining the light to be detected from reaching the outside of the effective region.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种通用的侧接式光电倍增管，其包括用于提高光接收灵敏度的均匀性的结构。 该光电倍增管包括用于相对于光电阴极的光接收表面精确定位将光检测的光引导到光电阴极并构成容纳光电阴极的封套的一部分的透镜元件的定位结构。 精确定位的透镜元件将待检测的光引导到光电阴极的光接收表面中，其中光接收灵敏度高的有效区域，从而抑制被检测的光到达有效区域的外部。

公开(公告)号：US5619100A

公开(公告)日：1997-04-08

申请号：US234158

申请日：1994-04-28

Applicant: Hiroyuki Kyushima ,  Koji Nagura ,  Yutaka Hasegawa ,  Eiichiro Kawano ,  Tomihiko Kuroyanagi ,  Akira Atsumi ,  Masuya Mizuide

Inventor： Hiroyuki Kyushima ,  Koji Nagura ,  Yutaka Hasegawa ,  Eiichiro Kawano ,  Tomihiko Kuroyanagi ,  Akira Atsumi ,  Masuya Mizuide

IPC: H01J9/12 ,  H01J9/18 ,  H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/10 ,  H01J43/12 ,  H01J43/22 ,  H01J43/18

CPC classification number: H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/10 ,  H01J43/12 ,  H01J43/22 ,  H01J9/12 ,  H01J9/18 ,  H01J2201/32 ,  H01J2201/3426

Abstract: A photomultiplier is constituted by a photocathode and an electron multiplier having a typical structure in which a dynode unit having a plurality of dynode plates stacked in an incident direction of photoelectrons, an anode plate, and an inverting dynode plate are sequentially stacked. Through holes for injecting a metal vapor are formed in the inverting dynode plate to form secondary electron emitting layers on the surfaces of dynodes supported by the dynode plates, and the photocathode. With this structure, the secondary electron emitting layers are uniformly formed on the surfaces of the dynodes. Therefore, variations in output signals obtained from anodes can be reduced regardless of the positions of the photocathode.

Abstract translation: 光电倍增管由具有典型结构的光电阴极和电子倍增器构成，其中依次堆叠具有沿光电子的入射方向堆叠的多个倍增极板的倍增电极单元，阳极板和反相倍增极板。 用于注入金属蒸汽的通孔形成在反相倍增器板中，以在由倍增极板和光电阴极支撑的倍增极的表面上形成二次电子发射层。 利用这种结构，二次电子发射层均匀地形成在倍增电极的表面上。 因此，无论光电阴极的位置如何，可以减少从阳极获得的输出信号的变化。

公开(公告)号：US5572089A

公开(公告)日：1996-11-05

申请号：US234153

申请日：1994-04-28

Applicant: Hiroyuki Kyushima ,  Koji Nagura ,  Yutaka Hasegawa ,  Eiichiro Kawano ,  Tomihiko Kuroyanagi ,  Akira Atsumi ,  Masuya Mizuide

Inventor： Hiroyuki Kyushima ,  Koji Nagura ,  Yutaka Hasegawa ,  Eiichiro Kawano ,  Tomihiko Kuroyanagi ,  Akira Atsumi ,  Masuya Mizuide

IPC: H01J9/12 ,  H01J9/18 ,  H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/10 ,  H01J43/12 ,  H01J43/22

CPC classification number: H01J43/12 ,  H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/10 ,  H01J43/22 ,  H01J9/12 ,  H01J9/18 ,  H01J2201/32 ,  H01J2201/3426

Abstract: A photomultiplier includes a photocathode and an electron multiplier. A typical structure of the electron multiplier is obtained such that a dynode unit constituted by stacking a plurality of dynode plates in the incident direction of photoelectrons, an anode plate, and an inverting dynode plate are stacked. The anode plate has electron through holes at a predetermined portion to cause secondary electrons emitted from the dynode unit to pass therethrough. Each electron through hole has a diameter on the inverting dynode plate side larger than that on the dynode unit side, thereby increasing the capture area of the secondary electrons orbit-inverted by the inverting dynode plate.

Abstract translation: 光电倍增管包括光电阴极和电子倍增器。 获得电子倍增器的典型结构，使得在光电子的入射方向上堆叠多个倍增极板构成的倍增电极单元，阳极板和反相倍增极板堆叠。 阳极板在预定部分具有电子通孔，以使从倍增极单元发射的二次电子通过。 每个电子通孔的反转倍增极板侧的直径大于倍增极单元侧的直径，从而增加由反相倍增极板轨道反转的二次电子的捕获面积。

公开(公告)号：US5532551A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-02

申请号：US234020

申请日：1994-04-28

Applicant: Hiroyuki Kyushima ,  Koji Nagura ,  Yutaka Hasegawa ,  Eiichiro Kawano ,  Tomihiko Kuroyanagi ,  Akira Atsumi ,  Masuya Mizuide

Inventor： Hiroyuki Kyushima ,  Koji Nagura ,  Yutaka Hasegawa ,  Eiichiro Kawano ,  Tomihiko Kuroyanagi ,  Akira Atsumi ,  Masuya Mizuide

IPC: H01J40/04 ,  H01J9/12 ,  H01J9/18 ,  H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/06 ,  H01J43/10 ,  H01J43/12 ,  H01J43/20 ,  H01J43/22

CPC classification number: H01J9/12 ,  H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/10 ,  H01J43/12 ,  H01J43/22 ,  H01J9/18 ,  H01J2201/32 ,  H01J2201/3426

Abstract: A photomultiplier has a focusing electrode plate for supporting focusing electrodes, provided between a photocathode and a dynode unit. Since the focusing electrode plate has holding springs which are integrally formed with the focusing electrode plate, resistance-welding becomes unnecessary to prevent field discharge. A concave portion is formed in a main surface of the focusing electrode plate to arrange an insulating member sandwiched between the focusing electrode plate and the photoelectron incidence side of the dynode unit and partially in contact with the concave portion. With this structure, discharge between the focusing electrode plate and the dynode unit can be prevented.

Abstract translation: 光电倍增管具有聚焦电极板，用于支撑聚光电极，设置在光电阴极和倍增极单元之间。 由于聚焦电极板具有与聚焦电极板一体形成的保持弹簧，所以不需要电阻焊接以防止场放电。 在聚焦电极板的主表面上形成有凹部，将绝缘构件夹在聚光电极板和倍增极单元的光电子入射侧之间，并与凹部部分接触。 利用这种结构，可以防止聚焦电极板和倍增极单元之间的放电。

公开(公告)号：US5491380A

公开(公告)日：1996-02-13

申请号：US234152

申请日：1994-04-28

Applicant: Hiroyuki Kyushima ,  Koji Nagura ,  Yutaka Hasegawa ,  Eiichiro Kawano ,  Tomihiko Kuroyanagi ,  Akira Atsumi ,  Masuya Mizuide

Inventor： Hiroyuki Kyushima ,  Koji Nagura ,  Yutaka Hasegawa ,  Eiichiro Kawano ,  Tomihiko Kuroyanagi ,  Akira Atsumi ,  Masuya Mizuide

IPC: H01J9/12 ,  H01J9/18 ,  H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/10 ,  H01J43/12 ,  H01J43/22

CPC classification number: H01J43/10 ,  H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/12 ,  H01J43/22 ,  H01J9/12 ,  H01J9/18 ,  H01J2201/32 ,  H01J2201/3426

Abstract: A photomultiplier which can be easily made compact has a dynode unit having a plurality of dynode plates stacked in an electron incident direction in a vacuum container fabricated by a housing and a base member integrally formed with the housing. Each dynode plate is constituted by welding at least two plates overlapping each other. The welding positions do not overlap each other in the stacking direction of the dynode plates. With this structure, field discharge at the welding portions between the dynode plates can be prevented to reduce noise.

Abstract translation: 可以容易地制造的光电倍增器具有在由壳体和与壳体一体形成的基座构件制造的真空容器中具有堆叠在电子入射方向上的多个倍增极板的倍增电极单元。 每个倍增极板通过焊接彼此重叠的至少两个板构成。 焊接位置在倍增极板的层叠方向上不重叠。 利用这种结构，可以防止倍增极板之间的焊接部分的场放电以减少噪声。