公开(公告)号：US07078704B2

公开(公告)日：2006-07-18

申请号：US10852571

申请日：2004-05-24

Applicant: Jeffrey L. Lacy ,  Athanasios Athanasiades

Inventor： Jeffrey L. Lacy ,  Athanasios Athanasiades

IPC: G01T1/18 ,  H01J47/00 ,  H01J47/02 ,  H01J47/06 ,  H01J47/08

CPC classification number: G01T1/2935

Abstract: A new design for a cylindrical ionization detector, featuring a resistive cathode, and external pickup wires that sense both the azimuthal and radial coordinates of interaction vertices. Combined with measurement of the longitudinal coordinate (using resistive anode wire charge division or other technique), the proposed design can provide an accurate 3-dimensional imaging detector and offer improved spectroscopic response.

Abstract translation: 用于圆柱形电离检测器的新设计，具有电阻阴极和外部拾音线，其感测相互作用顶点的方位角和径向坐标。 结合纵坐标的测量（使用电阻阳极线电荷分割或其他技术），所提出的设计可以提供精确的三维成像检测器并提供改进的光谱响应。

公开(公告)号：US20050238134A1

公开(公告)日：2005-10-27

申请号：US10513544

申请日：2002-11-29

Applicant: Caterina Brusasco ,  Bruno Marchand ,  Jean-Francois De Le Hoye ,  Damien Prieels

Inventor： Caterina Brusasco ,  Bruno Marchand ,  Jean-Francois De Le Hoye ,  Damien Prieels

IPC: A61N5/10 ,  G21K1/087 ,  H01J47/06 ,  G21K1/12 ,  H05G1/60

CPC classification number: G21K1/087 ,  A61N5/10 ,  A61N5/1043 ,  A61N5/1048 ,  A61N2005/1087

Abstract: An irradiation apparatus for irradiating by scanning a target volume according to a predetermined dose profile with a scanning beam of charged particles forming an irradiation spot on said target volume, said apparatus comprising: a beam generating device, a reference generator for computing, from said predetermined dose profile, through a dynamic inverse control strategy, the time evolution of commanded variables, these variables being the beam current I(t), the spot position settings x(t),y(t) and the scanning speed settings vx(t), vy(t), a monitor device having means for detecting at each time (t), the actual spot position as a measured position defined by the values xm(t),ym(t) on the target volume, characterised in that said irradiation apparatus further comprises means for determining the differences ex(t), ey(t) between the measured values xm(t), ym(t) and the spot position settings x(t) and y(t), and means for applying a correction to the scanning speed settings vx(t) and vy(t) depending on said differences ex(t), ey(t). The present invention is also related to a monitor for determining beam position in real-time.

Abstract translation: 一种照射装置，用于通过用在所述目标体积上形成照射点的带电粒子的扫描光束根据预定剂量分布进行扫描来照射目标体积，所述装置包括：光束产生装置，用于从所述预定的 剂量曲线，通过动态反向控制策略，指令变量的时间演化，这些变量是光束电流I（t），光点位置设置x（t），y（t）和扫描速度设置v < （t），具有用于在每个时间（t）检测的装置的实际光斑位置作为由值x（t）定义的测量位置的监视装置， （t），y（m）（t），其特征在于，所述照射装置还包括用于确定差异的装置， （t），测量值x m（t），y（m）之间的距离（t）和点位置设置 x（t）和 y（t），以及用于对扫描速度设置v x（t）和v Y（t）进行校正的装置，其取决于所述差异e x （t），e（y）（t）。 本发明还涉及实时确定波束位置的监视器。

公开(公告)号：US20050207536A1

公开(公告)日：2005-09-22

申请号：US11084380

申请日：2005-03-18

Applicant: Masayuki Shiraishi

Inventor： Masayuki Shiraishi

IPC: G01T1/18 ,  G03F7/20 ,  G21G4/00 ,  H01J35/00 ,  H01J47/00 ,  H01J47/02 ,  H01J47/06 ,  H05G2/00 ,  H05H1/00

CPC classification number: H05G2/003 ,  G03F7/70033 ,  G03F7/70841 ,  G03F7/70975

Abstract: Devices are disclosed for generating X-rays, especially in a vacuum chamber from plasma formed by irradiating a target material with laser light, that provide convenient removal from the vacuum chamber of high-frequency-maintenance components without disturbing other components. In one configuration denoted a liquid-jet-type of X-ray generator, a nozzle (for spraying target material) and a mirror are situated in a vacuum chamber. The nozzle has a higher maintenance frequency than the mirror. A flange member is provided on an outer wall of the vacuum chamber to cover an opening in the wall. The nozzle is connected to a conduit having a base mounted to the flange member. The nozzle is removable for maintenance by detaching the flange member and withdrawing the nozzle through the opening. Thus, the highest-frequency-maintenance component, the nozzle, is removed without moving or removing any other component in the chamber, such as the mirror.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于产生X射线的装置，特别是在通过用激光照射目标材料形成的等离子体的真空室中，其提供方便地从高频维护部件的真空室移除而不干扰其它部件。 在液体喷射型X射线发生器的一个结构中，喷嘴（用于喷射靶材料）和反射镜位于真空室中。 喷嘴的维护频率比镜子高。 凸缘构件设置在真空室的外壁上以覆盖壁中的开口。 喷嘴连接到具有安装到凸缘构件的基部的导管。 通过拆卸凸缘构件并将喷嘴从开口中取出，喷嘴可拆卸以进行维护。 因此，除去最高频率维护部件喷嘴，而不移动或移除腔室中的任何其它部件，例如反射镜。

公开(公告)号：US5517030A

公开(公告)日：1996-05-14

申请号：US244913

申请日：1994-06-14

Applicant: Carlos A. Nabais Conde ,  Joaquim Marques Ferreira dos Santos ,  Antonio C. Sena Sao Miguel Benito

Inventor： Carlos A. Nabais Conde ,  Joaquim Marques Ferreira dos Santos ,  Antonio C. Sena Sao Miguel Benito

IPC: G01T1/205 ,  H01J47/00 ,  H01J47/06

CPC classification number: G01T1/205 ,  H01J47/06

Abstract: Detectors for ionizing radiation (X-rays, gamma rays, electrons, protons, alpha particles, etc. as well as neutrons) of the gas proportional scintillation counter type using techniques to compensate for a loss of scintillation light reaching the photosensor due to solid angle and reflection effects. Two such techniques are disclosed. One technique involves the use of two non-parallel electrically charged grids which produce a radially increasing electric field, thus radially increasing the intensity of the scintillation light. Another technique involves the use of a mask of small opaque dots having a radially decreasing density covering the photosensor, thus radially increasing the intensity of the scintillation light transmitted to the photosensor. The preferred embodiment for X-ray detection consists in a detector, filled with very pure xenon at atmospheric pressure, with a 2.5 cm diameter radiation window (1), a grid with a spherical (2 cm radius) curvature (2) with its edges placed 0.8 cm away from a plane grid which is placed in contact with or close to a photomultiplier tube (4). This photomultiplier has uniform sensitivity in the 170 nm wavelength region. This detector presents an energy resolution of 8.0% for 5.9 keV X-rays.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / PT93 / 00007 Sec。 371日期：1994年6月14日 102（e）日期1994年6月14日PCT提交1993年10月15日PCT公布。 第WO94 / 09509号公报 日期1994年4月28日。气体成比例闪烁计数器类型的电离辐射（X射线，γ射线，电子，质子，α粒子等以及中子）的检测器使用技术来补偿闪烁光的损失 由于立体角度和反射效应，到达光电传感器。 公开了两种这样的技术。 一种技术涉及使用两个不平行的带电栅极，其产生径向增加的电场，从而径向增加闪烁光的强度。 另一种技术涉及使用覆盖光电传感器的径向减小密度的小不透明点的掩模，从而径向增加传输到光传感器的闪烁光的强度。 用于X射线检测的优选实施例包括在大气压下填充非常纯的氙的检测器，具有2.5cm直径的辐射窗（1），具有球形（2cm半径）曲率（2）的栅格，其边缘 放置在与光电倍增管（4）接触或接近的平面栅格0.8cm处。 该光电倍增管在170nm波长区域具有均匀的灵敏度。 该检测器对于5.9keV X射线的能量分辨率为8.0％。

公开(公告)号：US5294789A

公开(公告)日：1994-03-15

申请号：US11639

申请日：1993-02-01

Applicant: Hans W. Kruger

Inventor： Hans W. Kruger

IPC: G01T1/22 ,  H01J47/06 ,  H01J40/14

CPC classification number: H01J47/06 ,  G01T1/22

Abstract: An ultra-violet/visible/infra-red gamma-insensitive gas avalanche focal plane array comprising a planar photocathode and a planar anode pad array separated by a gas-filled gap and across which is applied an electric potential. Electrons ejected from the photocathode are accelerated sufficiently between collisions with the gas molecules to ionize them, forming an electron avalanche. The gap acts like a proportional counter. The array of anode pad are mounted on the front of an anode plate and are connected to matching contact pads on the back of the anode via feed through wires. Connection of the anode to signal processing electronics is made from the contact pads using standard indium bump techniques, for example.

Abstract translation: 紫外/可见/红外伽马不平衡气体雪崩焦平面阵列，包括平面光电阴极和由气体充填间隙隔开的平面阳极垫阵列，并施加电位。 从光电阴极喷射的电子在与气体分子碰撞之间充分加速，使其离子化，形成电子雪崩。 差距就像一个比例计数器。 阳极垫的阵列安装在阳极板的前面，并通过电线通过阳极的背面连接到匹配的接触焊盘。 例如，使用标准的铟凸块技术，使用接触焊盘来进行阳极与信号处理电路的连接。

公开(公告)号：US4785168A

公开(公告)日：1988-11-15

申请号：US934975

申请日：1986-11-25

Applicant: Mario Ruscev ,  Irene Dorion ,  Alain-Pierre Lilot

Inventor： Mario Ruscev ,  Irene Dorion ,  Alain-Pierre Lilot

IPC: G01T1/18 ,  G01T1/185 ,  G01T1/29 ,  G01T5/00 ,  H01J47/02 ,  H01J47/06 ,  H01J47/12 ,  G01T3/00

CPC classification number: G01T1/2935 ,  H01J47/02

Abstract: A device for detecting and localizing neutral particles such as X photons, gamma photons or neutrons is essentially constituted by a solid converter (2) disposed at a glancing incidence relative to the radication to be detected, together with networks of wires such as (3') disposed in the proximity of the converter. The device is applicable to industrial imaging.

Abstract translation: 用于检测和定位诸如X光子，γ光子或中子的中性粒子的装置基本上由相对于待检测的辐射设置在相对于待检测的辐射的扫视入射的固体转换器（2）以及诸如（3' ）设置在转换器附近。 该设备适用于工业成像。

公开(公告)号：US4686368A

公开(公告)日：1987-08-11

申请号：US728965

申请日：1985-04-30

Applicant: Herbert L. Anderson ,  W. Wayne Kinnison ,  John W. Lillberg

Inventor： Herbert L. Anderson ,  W. Wayne Kinnison ,  John W. Lillberg

IPC: G01N27/447 ,  G01T1/29 ,  H01J47/06 ,  G01T1/00

CPC classification number: G01T1/2942 ,  G01N27/44717 ,  G01T1/2935 ,  H01J47/062

Abstract: Apparatus and method for electronically reading planar two dimensional .beta.-ray emitter-labeled gel electrophoretograms. A single, flat rectangular multiwire proportional chamber is placed in close proximity to the gel and the assembly placed in an intense uniform magnetic field disposed in a perpendicular manner to the rectangular face of the proportional chamber. Beta rays emitted in the direction of the proportional chamber are caused to execute helical motions which substantially preserve knowledge of the coordinates of their origin in the gel. Perpendicularly oriented, parallel wire, parallel plane cathodes electronically sense the location of the .beta.-rays from ionization generated thereby in a detection gas coupled with an electron avalanche effect resulting from the action of a parallel wire anode located therebetween. A scintillator permits the present apparatus to be rendered insensitive when signals are generated from cosmic rays incident on the proportional chamber. Resolution for concentrations of radioactive compounds in the gel exceeds 700 .mu.m. The apparatus and method of the present invention represent a significant improvement over conventional autoradiographic techniques in dynamic range, linearity and sensitivity of data collection. A concentration and position map for gel electrophoretograms having significant concentrations of labeled compounds and/or highly radioactive labeling nuclides can generally be obtained in less than one hour.

Abstract translation: 用于电子阅读平面二维β-射线发射体标记凝胶电泳图的装置和方法。 单个扁平的矩形多线比例室被放置成紧邻凝胶并且组件放置在与比例室的矩形面垂直的方式设置的强烈均匀的磁场中。 在比例室的方向上发射的β射线被执行螺旋运动，其基本上保留了它们在凝胶中原点坐标的知识。 垂直取向的平行线，平行平面阴极以电子方式感测由在其间产生的并联线阳极的作用而产生的电子雪崩效应的检测气体中由此产生的电离所产生的β-射线的位置。 当从入射在比例室的宇宙射线产生信号时，闪烁体允许本装置变得不敏感。 凝胶中放射性化合物浓度的分辨率超过700微米。 本发明的装置和方法代表了在数据采集的动态范围，线性和灵敏度方面的常规放射自显影技术的显着改进。 通常可以在不到一小时内获得具有显着浓度的标记化合物和/或高放射性标记核素的凝胶电泳图的浓度和位置图。

公开(公告)号：US4654531A

公开(公告)日：1987-03-31

申请号：US702751

申请日：1985-02-19

Applicant: Christopher L. Morris ,  George C. Idzorek ,  Leroy G. Atencio

Inventor： Christopher L. Morris ,  George C. Idzorek ,  Leroy G. Atencio

IPC: G01T1/185 ,  H01J47/06 ,  H01J47/18

CPC classification number: H01J47/062 ,  G01T1/185

Abstract: A gated strip proportional detector includes a gas tight chamber which encloses a solid ground plane, a wire anode plane, a wire gating plane, and a multiconductor cathode plane. The anode plane amplifies the amount of charge deposited in the chamber by a factor of up to 10.sup.6. The gating plane allows only charge within a narrow strip to reach the cathode. The cathode plane collects the charge allowed to pass through the gating plane on a set of conductors perpendicular to the open-gated region. By scanning the open-gated region across the chamber and reading out the charge collected on the cathode conductors after a suitable integration time for each location of the gate, a two-dimensional image of the intensity of the ionizing radiation incident on the detector can be made.

Abstract translation: 选通条带比例检测器包括封闭固体接地平面的气密室，线阳极平面，电线门控平面和多导体阴极平面。 阳极平面将沉积在腔室中的电荷量放大到高达106.该门控平面仅允许在窄带内的电荷到达阴极。 阴极平面在垂直于开放门控区域的一组导体上收集允许通过选通平面的电荷。 通过扫描室上的开门区域，并且在栅极的每个位置的合适的积分时间之后读出在阴极导体上收集的电荷，入射在检测器上的电离辐射的强度的二维图像可以是 制作。

公开(公告)号：US4629897A

公开(公告)日：1986-12-16

申请号：US470448

申请日：1983-02-28

Applicant: Marc Lemonnier ,  Denis Petermann ,  Daniel Le Fur ,  Stephan Metgert

Inventor： Marc Lemonnier ,  Denis Petermann ,  Daniel Le Fur ,  Stephan Metgert

IPC: H01J47/06 ,  G01T1/00

CPC classification number: H01J47/062

Abstract: Proportional detector intended to detect ionizing radiations for 2-dimension localization.This detector consists of a network of conducting wires (2) forming the anodes of an ionization chamber and operating under avalanche conditions and is characterized in that it comprises a continuous resistive collector (12) with two dimensions and located between the anode (2) wires and the cathode (1) on which the localization of an electron avalanche is effected by electrostatic induction, the reading of the data concerning the electric pulse generated by induction on the collector (12) being effected at the periphery of the latter.

Abstract translation: 用于检测2维定位的电离辐射的比例检测器。 该检测器由形成电离室的阳极并在雪崩条件下操作的导线网络（2）组成，其特征在于，它包括具有两个维度的连续电阻集电器（12），并位于阳极（2）线 和通过静电感应实现电子雪崩定位的阴极（1），在集电极（12）上通过感应产生的电脉冲的数据的读取在后者的周围进行。

公开(公告)号：US4553062A

公开(公告)日：1985-11-12

申请号：US559794

申请日：1983-12-09

Applicant: Jean Ballon ,  Vincent Comparat ,  Joseph Pouxe

Inventor： Jean Ballon ,  Vincent Comparat ,  Joseph Pouxe

IPC: G01T1/185 ,  H01J47/02 ,  H01J47/06 ,  H01J1/90 ,  G01T1/18

CPC classification number: H01J47/02

Abstract: Gas-filled detector for locating the presence in space of particles or radiations. The detector according to the invention comprises a curved body containing a gaseous fluid under pressure, and being provided with a window, and on the inside, an elongated element forming means of picking-up an avalanche of elements, said means being constituted by a structure of the type with at least one curved conducting strip held in such a way by the body that it projects into the enclosure and that one of its longitudinal edges is parallel to the axis of the window. The invention finds an application in X-ray crystallography.

Abstract translation: 充气检测器，用于定位颗粒或辐射空间中的存在。 根据本发明的检测器包括一个包含压力下的气态流体并且设置有窗口的弯曲体，并且在内部具有一个拾取雪崩元件的细长元件形成装置，所述装置由结构 该类型的至少一个弯曲导电条以这样的方式被身体固定，使其伸入外壳并且其纵向边缘之一平行于窗口的轴线。 本发明在X射线晶体学中发现了一种应用。