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公开(公告)号：US5341807A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-30
申请号：US906529
申请日：1992-06-30
申请人： Paul C. Nardella
发明人： Paul C. Nardella
IPC分类号： A61B5/0408 , A61B5/0402 , A61B5/042 , A61B5/0478 , A61B5/0492 , A61B18/12 , A61B18/14 , A61B5/04
CPC分类号： A61B5/0422 , A61B18/1492 , A61B18/1206 , A61B18/1402 , A61B2018/00083 , A61B2018/0016 , A61B2018/00839 , A61B2018/00875 , A61B2018/126 , A61B2018/1286 , A61B2018/1467
摘要： A multi-electrode cardiac catheter has pairs of electrodes connected to sensing circuitry to produce a differential signal. The sensing output is sharply defined and self-normalizing. Preferably a catheter ablation tip electrode is an electrode of one pair, and the differential signal becomes non-zero when the tip contacts surrounding tissue. The shape of the differential signal provides information on the degree of electrode contact, as well as on the on the amount of locally-sensed tissue impedance change. The signal may be used as a trigger enable signal for a cardiac ablation catheter, and the applied level of RF power may be controlled based on the indicated degree of electrode contact and value of tissue impedance.
摘要翻译： 多电极心脏导管具有连接到感测电路的电极对，以产生差分信号。 感测输出被清晰定义并且自我归一化。 优选地，导管消融尖端电极是一对电极，并且当尖端接触周围组织时，差分信号变为非零。 差分信号的形状提供关于电极接触程度的信息，以及关于局部感测组织阻抗变化的量的信息。 信号可以用作心脏消融导管的触发使能信号，并且可以基于指示的电极接触程度和组织阻抗的值来控制施加的RF功率水平。
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公开(公告)号：US5944022A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-31
申请号：US847684
申请日：1997-04-28
IPC分类号： A61B19/00 , A61B5/053 , A61B5/06 , A61B17/32 , A61B18/12 , A61B18/14 , A61M25/00 , A61M25/01 , A61M25/095
CPC分类号： A61B5/063 , A61B18/1492 , A61B5/0536 , A61B2034/2053
摘要： A system for detecting the position of a catheter in a patient includes three sets of reference electrodes, with one set disposed on each of the mutually orthogonal X, Y and Z axes. A signal processor measures the differential voltage indicative of impedance between a detection electrode disposed on the catheter and each electrode of each of the three sets of reference electrodes in order to determine the X coordinate, Y coordinate and Z coordinate of the catheter. The detected position of the catheter is recorded and the detection of subsequent catheter positions is performed relative to the recorded catheter position. The difference between subsequent catheter positions and the recorded position relative to the X, Y and Z axes is displayed in order to facilitate re-positioning of the catheter at the recorded position. Optional EKG and/or respiratory sensors may be used to synchronize the catheter position detection in order to reduce detection inaccuracies due to EKG and/or respiratory artifacts.
摘要翻译： 用于检测患者中导管位置的系统包括三组参考电极，其中一组设置在每个相互正交的X，Y和Z轴上。 信号处理器测量指示布置在导管上的检测电极与三组参考电极中的每一组的每个电极之间的阻抗的差分电压，以便确定导管的X坐标，Y坐标和Z坐标。 记录导管的检测位置，并相对于记录的导管位置执行随后导管位置的检测。 显示后续导管位置与相对于X，Y和Z轴的记录位置之间的差异，以便于将导管重新定位在记录位置。 可以使用可选的EKG和/或呼吸传感器来同步导管位置检测，以减少由于EKG和/或呼吸伪影引起的检测不准确性。
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公开(公告)号：US5437662A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-01
申请号：US197959
申请日：1994-02-17
申请人： Paul C. Nardella
发明人： Paul C. Nardella
CPC分类号： A61B18/1477 , A61B18/1206 , A61B18/1482 , A61B18/1402 , A61B2017/00084 , A61B2018/00011 , A61B2018/00196 , A61B2018/1425 , A61B2018/1435 , A61M3/0279
摘要： An electrosurgical probe is disclosed which provides the ability to both cut and cauterize tissue. The probe includes at least one cauterization electrode mounted upon a distal portion of the electrode and adapted to deliver electrosurgical energy to tissue. Further, a central lumen is disposed within the probe. The lumen is adapted to accommodate the flow of fluid from a remote source to tissue through an outlet port in the distal end of the probe. Also, the lumen houses a cutting electrode which is selectively deployable. Both cauterization and coagulation can be conducted in a bipolar mode. The flow of fluid through the lumen serves to limit the heat transfer from the cauterization electrode to adjacent tissue to an extent sufficient to prevent the sticking of tissue to the probe. A feedback system is also provided to optimize the electrode temperature.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种提供切割和烧灼组织的能力的电外科探针。 探针包括安装在电极的远端部分上的至少一个烧灼电极，并且适于将电外科能量递送至组织。 此外，中心腔设置在探针内。 所述内腔适于容纳从远程源到组织的流体通过探针远端中的出口。 此外，管腔容纳可选择性展开的切割电极。 烧灼和凝结均可以双极模式进行。 通过内腔的流体流动用于限制从烧灼电极到相邻组织的热传递到足以防止组织粘附到探针上的程度。 还提供反馈系统以优化电极温度。
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公开(公告)号：US6050267A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-18
申请号：US18435
申请日：1998-02-04
IPC分类号： A61B19/00 , A61B5/053 , A61B5/06 , A61B17/32 , A61B18/12 , A61B18/14 , A61M25/00 , A61M25/01 , A61M25/095
CPC分类号： A61B5/0536 , A61B18/1492 , A61B5/063 , A61B2034/2053
摘要： A system for detecting the position of a catheter in a patient includes three sets of excitation electrodes, with one set disposed in each of three intersecting axes. A signal processor measures a voltage indicative of impedance between a detection electrode disposed on the catheter and each of the three sets of excitation signals in order to determine the X coordinate, Y coordinate and Z coordinate of the catheter. The detected position of the catheter is recorded and the detection of subsequent catheter positions is performed relative to the recorded catheter position. The difference between subsequent catheter positions and the recorded position relative to the X, Y and Z axes is displayed in order to facilitate repositioning of the catheter at the recorded position. Excitation electrode embodiments utilizing as few as four excitation electrodes are disclosed. The excitation electrodes may be surface, subcutaneous or intracardiac electrodes.
摘要翻译： 用于检测患者中导管位置的系统包括三组激励电极，一组设置在三个相交轴中的每一个中。 信号处理器测量指示设置在导管上的检测电极与三组激励信号中的每一组之间的阻抗的电压，以便确定导管的X坐标，Y坐标和Z坐标。 记录导管的检测位置，并相对于记录的导管位置执行随后导管位置的检测。 显示相对于X，Y和Z轴的后续导管位置和记录位置之间的差异，以便于导管在记录位置的重新定位。 公开了使用少至四个激励电极的励磁电极实施例。 激发电极可以是表面，皮下或心内电极。
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公开(公告)号：US5357956A
公开(公告)日：1994-10-25
申请号：US975382
申请日：1992-11-13
申请人： Paul C. Nardella
发明人： Paul C. Nardella
IPC分类号： A61B5/0408 , A61B5/0402 , A61B5/042 , A61B5/0478 , A61B5/0492 , A61B18/12 , A61B5/04
CPC分类号： A61B5/0538 , A61B18/12 , A61B18/1206 , A61B5/042 , A61B2018/0066
摘要： An ablation catheter has an ablation electrode at a distal end coupled to an ablation power source through a low impedance coupling. The ablation electrode also functions as a sensing electrode, for monitoring the endocardial signal and preferably also tissue impedance during the ablation procedure, and is coupled to an electrode monitor through a high impedance coupling. A timing element operates a plurality of switches to selectively isolate, dampen, or interconnect various signal paths during plural repetitive non-overlapping ablation and quiescent intervals which alternate at a rate substantially above a Nyquist sampling rate. RF energy is delivered to the ablation site during the ablation intervals. The local endocardial signal is measured during the quiescent intervals.
摘要翻译： 消融导管在远端处具有通过低阻抗耦合耦合到消融电源的消融电极。 消融电极还用作感测电极，用于在消融过程期间监测心内膜信号，并且优选地也是组织阻抗，并且通过高阻抗耦合耦合到电极监测器。 定时元件操作多个开关以在多个重复的非重叠消融和静止间隔期间选择性地隔离，阻尼或互连各种信号路径，其间隔以基本上高于奈奎斯特采样率的速率交替。 射频能量在消融间隔期间被传送到消融部位。 在静止间隔期间测量局部心内膜信号。
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公开(公告)号：US5334193A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-02
申请号：US975662
申请日：1992-11-13
申请人： Paul C. Nardella
发明人： Paul C. Nardella
CPC分类号： A61B18/1492 , A61B18/1402 , A61B2018/00011 , A61B2018/00017 , A61B2018/00029 , A61B2018/00083 , A61B2018/00357 , A61B2018/00702 , A61B2018/00744 , A61B2018/00779 , A61B2018/00791 , A61B2018/00815 , A61B2018/00821 , A61B2018/00875 , A61B2018/126 , A61B2018/1435 , A61M3/0279
摘要： A thin, elongate and flexible ablation catheter, suitable for delivery to an internal organ, comprises a fluid delivery lumen centrally located within the catheter, and first and second electrodes disposed on an outer surface of the catheter. The electrodes preferably are helically oriented about the catheter. At least one of the electrodes is in communication with a source of electrosurgical energy so as to deliver ablative electrosurgical energy to tissue. The lumen communicates with a fluid supply source such that fluid is conveyed through the lumen and is discharged to adjacent tissue during the delivery of ablative energy. The fluid delivered through the lumen assists in optimizing the electrode temperature. A method and apparatus is also provided to regulate the fluid flow rate based on monitored electrode temperature and/or tissue impedance.
摘要翻译： 适于递送至内部器官的细长度和柔性的消融导管包括位于导管内中心的流体输送腔，以及设置在导管的外表面上的第一和第二电极。 电极优选围绕导管螺旋定向。 电极中的至少一个与电外科手术能源连通，从而将烧伤的电外科能量输送到组织。 内腔与流体供应源连通，使得流体被输送通过内腔并且在释放能量的传送期间被排出到相邻组织。 通过管腔输送的液体有助于优化电极温度。 还提供了一种基于监测的电极温度和/或组织阻抗来调节流体流速的方法和装置。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5383876A
公开(公告)日：1995-01-24
申请号：US216069
申请日：1994-03-22
申请人： Paul C. Nardella
发明人： Paul C. Nardella
CPC分类号： A61B18/1482 , A61B18/1477 , A61B18/1402 , A61M3/0279
摘要： An electrosurgical probe is disclosed which provides the ability to both cut and cauterize tissue. The probe includes at least one cauterization electrode mounted upon a distal portion of the electrode and adapted to deliver electrosurgical energy to tissue. Further, a central lumen is disposed within the probe. The lumen is adapted to accommodate the flow of fluid from a remote source to tissue through an outlet port in the distal end of the probe. Also, the lumen houses a cutting electrode which is selectively deployable. Both cauterization and coagulation can be conducted in a bipolar mode. The flow of fluid through the lumen serves to limit the heat transfer from the cauterization electrode to adjacent tissue to an extent sufficient to prevent the sticking of tissue to the probe. In another embodiment the probe is adapted only for cauterization and does not include a cutting electrode.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种提供切割和烧灼组织的能力的电外科探针。 探针包括安装在电极的远端部分上的至少一个烧灼电极，并且适于将电外科能量递送至组织。 此外，中心腔设置在探针内。 所述内腔适于容纳从远程源到组织的流体通过探针远端中的出口。 此外，管腔容纳可选择性展开的切割电极。 烧灼和凝结均可以双极模式进行。 通过内腔的流体流动用于限制从烧灼电极到相邻组织的热传递到足以防止组织粘附到探针上的程度。 在另一个实施例中，探针仅适用于烧灼，并且不包括切割电极。
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公开(公告)号：US5342357A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-30
申请号：US975801
申请日：1992-11-13
申请人： Paul C. Nardella
发明人： Paul C. Nardella
CPC分类号： A61B18/1477 , A61B18/1206 , A61B18/1482 , A61B18/1402 , A61B2017/00084 , A61B2018/00011 , A61B2018/00196 , A61B2018/1425 , A61B2018/1435 , A61M3/0279
摘要： An electrosurgical probe is disclosed which provides the ability to both cut and cauterize tissue. The probe includes at least one cauterization electrode mounted upon a distal portion of the electrode and adapted to deliver electrosurgical energy to tissue. Further, a central lumen is disposed within the probe. The lumen is adapted to accommodate the flow of fluid from a remote source to tissue through an outlet port in the distal end of the probe. Also, the lumen houses a cutting electrode which is selectively deployable. Both cauterization and coagulation can be conducted in a bipolar mode. The flow of fluid through the lumen serves to limit the heat transfer from the cauterization electrode to adjacent tissue to an extent sufficient to prevent the sticking of tissue to the probe. A feedback system is also provided to optimize the electrode temperature.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种提供切割和烧灼组织的能力的电外科探针。 探针包括安装在电极的远端部分上的至少一个烧灼电极，并且适于将电外科能量递送至组织。 此外，中心腔设置在探针内。 所述内腔适于容纳从远程源到组织的流体通过探针远端中的出口。 此外，管腔容纳可选择性展开的切割电极。 烧灼和凝结均可以双极模式进行。 通过内腔的流体流动用于限制从烧灼电极到相邻组织的热传递到足以防止组织粘附到探针上的程度。 还提供反馈系统以优化电极温度。
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公开(公告)号：US5293868A
公开(公告)日：1994-03-15
申请号：US906819
申请日：1992-06-30
申请人： Paul C. Nardella
发明人： Paul C. Nardella
CPC分类号： A61N1/06 , A61B18/1492 , A61B5/0422 , A61B18/1233 , A61B2017/00292 , A61B2562/0209 , A61B2562/043
摘要： A cardiac ablation catheter includes a distal, energy delivering electrode and at least one sensing electrode proximal to the energy delivering electrode. The catheter communicates with an electrosurgical generator which provides electrical energy, such as a radio frequency energy, to the distal electrode. The sensing electrodes communicate with a monitor for recording electrical signals within the heart. One or more resistors is positioned adjacent each sensing electrode, and in series with a conductor associated with the sensing electrode, to reduce or eliminate any current tending to be emitted through the sensing electrodes as a result of delivery of electrical current through the distal electrode.
摘要翻译： 心脏消融导管包括远端能量输送电极和靠近能量输送电极的至少一个感测电极。 该导管与向前端电极提供诸如射频能量的电能的电外科发生器连通。 感测电极与监视器通信，用于在心脏内记录电信号。 一个或多个电阻器位于每个感测电极附近，并且与与感测电极相关联的导体串联，以减少或消除由于电流通过远端电极的传递而导致通过感测电极发射的任何电流。
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公开(公告)号：US3042701A
公开(公告)日：1962-07-03
申请号：US84768459
申请日：1959-10-21
申请人： MONSANTO CHEMICALS
发明人： BIRUM GAIL H
CPC分类号： C10L1/2608 , C07F9/4006 , C08G79/04
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