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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5771021A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-23
申请号：US550628
申请日：1995-10-31
IPC分类号： G01S13/75 , G06K7/00 , G06K7/10 , G06K19/07 , H01Q1/24 , H01Q1/32 , H01Q1/38 , H01Q3/44 , H01Q3/46 , H01Q9/04 , H01Q21/29
CPC分类号： G06K19/07786 , G01S13/756 , G06K19/0723 , G06K7/0008 , G06K7/10316 , G06K7/10346 , H01Q1/247 , H01Q1/3233 , H01Q1/38 , H01Q21/29 , H01Q21/293 , H01Q3/44 , H01Q3/46 , H01Q9/0407 , H01Q9/0442
摘要： A reader interrogates a transponder attached to a remote object. The transponder includes a microstrip patch antenna having two segments connected together by a switch, each segment being one-half wavelength, the antenna being a full wavelength at the frequency of the interrogating signal. In response to a control signal, the switch is opened and closed, thereby coupling and decoupling the two segments of the microstrip antenna. When the switch is in the closed position, the two segments are out-of-phase with one another, thereby producing a maximum reflected signal. When the switch is in the open position, the two segments act in concert to produce a minimum backscattered signal. The backscatter signal is thus modulated in accordance with the control signal and is received at the reader where it is subsequently decoded to identify the remote object.
摘要翻译： 读者询问连接到远程对象的应答器。 应答器包括微带贴片天线，其具有通过开关连接在一起的两个段，每个段是二分之一波长，天线是在询问信号的频率处的全波长。 响应于控制信号，开关被打开和关闭，从而耦合和去耦微带天线的两个部分。 当开关处于闭合位置时，两个段彼此不相位，从而产生最大的反射信号。 当开关处于打开位置时，两个区段一致地产生最小反向散射信号。 后向散射信号因此根据控制信号进行调制，并在读取器处被接收，随后其被解码以识别远程对象。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4264862A
公开(公告)日：1981-04-28
申请号：US67856
申请日：1979-08-20
申请人： Alfred R. Koelle , Jeremy A. Landt
发明人： Alfred R. Koelle , Jeremy A. Landt
IPC分类号： G01V3/28
CPC分类号： G01V3/28
摘要： An instrument is disclosed for mapping vertical conductive fractures in a resistive bedrock, magnetically inducing eddy currents by a pair of vertically oriented, mutually perpendicular, coplanar coils. The eddy currents drive magnetic fields which are picked up by a second, similar pair of coils.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于映射电阻基岩中的垂直导电裂缝的仪器，通过一对垂直取向的，相互垂直的共面线圈磁感应涡流。 涡流驱动由第二个相似的线圈拾取的磁场。
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公开(公告)号：US5504485A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-02
申请号：US278276
申请日：1994-07-21
CPC分类号： G06K7/0008 , G01S13/758
摘要： The invention provides a reader-transponder system that prevents reading of undesired transponder signals. The reader generates a low-frequency signal that is used to supply power to the transponder. The same low-frequency signal also is used to generate a clock signal for the transponder. The reader varies the frequency of the low-frequency power signal according to a code that is unique to the reader. Because the transponder clock signal is derived from the encoded low-frequency power signal, it also varies in accordance with the reader's code. The coded transponder clock signal is contained in the modulation of the RF signal produced by the transponder. When the reader receives and decodes the RF signal, it also extracts the transponder clock signal from the received RF signal and compares variations in the extracted transponder clock signal to the code that was applied to the low-frequency power signal transmitted by the reader. If the pattern of variations in the transponder clock signal matches the reader's code, then the reader senses that the RF signal it has received is from a transponder being powered by that reader and no other.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种读取器 - 应答器系统，其防止不期望的应答器信号的读取。 读卡器产生用于向应答器供电的低频信号。 同样的低频信号也用于产生应答器的时钟信号。 读取器根据阅读器唯一的代码改变低频功率信号的频率。 因为应答器时钟信号是从编码的低频功率信号导出的，所以它也根据读取器的代码而变化。 编码的应答器时钟信号包含在由应答器产生的RF信号的调制中。 当读取器接收和解码RF信号时，它还从接收到的RF信号中提取应答器时钟信号，并将提取的应答器时钟信号中的变化与应用于读取器发送的低频功率信号的代码进行比较。 如果应答器时钟信号的变化模式与读取器的代码相匹配，则读取器感测到其已经接收到的RF信号来自由该读取器供电的应答器，而不是其他的。
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公开(公告)号：US5030807A
公开(公告)日：1991-07-09
申请号：US465428
申请日：1990-01-16
申请人： Jeremy A. Landt , Alfred R. Koelle
发明人： Jeremy A. Landt , Alfred R. Koelle
IPC分类号： G01S13/74 , B61L25/04 , G05B13/02 , G05B23/02 , G06K7/00 , G06K17/00 , G07B15/06 , G08C17/00 , G08G1/017 , G08G1/09
CPC分类号： G07B15/063 , B61L25/048 , G06K7/0008 , G08G1/017
摘要： The subject invention relates to a system for identifying, for writing data into and reading data out of electronic tags which may be attached to moving and moveable objects. An interrogator sends an RF signal to a remote tag, the signal including data intended to be received and stored in the tag. The tag backscatter-modulates the received signal with data temporarily and permanently stored in the tag, including data indicating the identity of the object to which the tag is attached. The interrogator has the capability of (1) recognizing the identity of the tagged object from the returned backscatter-modulated signal and (2) transmitting data to the tag only if it has data to be transmitted to that particular tagged object. This permits data to be selectively transmitted to a tag and received and stored by that tag only after the tag has been identified as a correct one to receive that data. The tag, in addition, may have the capability of increasing its sensitivity to the receipt of transmitted data after receiving a signal from the interrogator of sufficient strength to be capable of transmitting data to that tag.
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公开(公告)号：US4888591A
公开(公告)日：1989-12-19
申请号：US254254
申请日：1988-10-06
CPC分类号： G01S13/82
摘要： The invention provides a system for discriminating between modulated backscattered signals based upon transmission-to-reception time delay. The system employs a carrier, phase-modulated with a modulating signal, having characteristics which provide unity output when correlated with itself with zero time shift and a substantially lower output level when correlated with itself with a significant time shift. The system works with a backscatter-modulator located a finite distance from the transmitter for receiving and modulating the backscatter of the carrier. A receiver/detector receives and detects the modulated backscattered phase-modulated signal, the detector being phase-sensitive and having as a reference signal the transmitted phase-modulating carrier signal, and having as an input signal the phase modulated backscattered carrier. The detector provides an output signal whose averaged amplitude is substantially dependent upon the degree of phase correlation between the phase of the modulation returned input signal and the reference signal. Finally, the output signal from the detector is selectively processed only when its averaged amplitude is above a threshold level. In a preferred embodiment, the transmitted signal is a spread spectrum signal.
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公开(公告)号：US4739328A
公开(公告)日：1988-04-19
申请号：US885248
申请日：1986-07-14
申请人： Alfred R. Koelle , Jeremy A. Landt
发明人： Alfred R. Koelle , Jeremy A. Landt
CPC分类号： H04L27/26 , B61L25/04 , B61L25/045 , G01S13/758 , G06K7/0008 , G06Q10/087 , G07C9/00111 , G07C2009/0092
摘要： A reader interrogates an object. The object has a tag with a data source such as a read-only memory (ROM) which produces an identifying sequence of binary 1's and 0's in an individual pattern and transmits these signals to the reader. Each "1" or "0" is converted to a plurality of signal cycles at first and second harmonic frequencies. For example, a "1" may be identified by two signal cycles at the second frequency (e.g. 40 kHz) and then one signal cycle at the first frequency (e.g. 20 kHz) and a "0" may be identified by a signal cycle at the first frequency and then two signal cycles at the second frequency. The transponder also produces a plurality of signal cycles in an individual code (different from any combination of "1's" and "0's") to indicate the end of the transmission of the signal cycles identifying the object and the start of another transmission. The reader receives the signal cycles identifying the object and delays these signal cycles by (a) a first time such as 1/4 period of a cycle at the second frequency, (b) a second time such as 1/2 of such period and (c) a third time corresponding to such period. The reader compares the received signals and the first delayed signals to produce first phase-locked signals. The reader compares the received signals and the second delayed signals to produce additional phase-locked signals at the times that the first phase-locked signals are not produced. The reader then produces clock signals from the first and additional phase-locked signals. The reader produces information signals from a comparison of the received signals and the third delayed signals. The reader synchronizes the information signals with the lock signals to identify the object.
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公开(公告)号：US5510795A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-23
申请号：US338008
申请日：1994-11-10
申请人： Alfred R. Koelle
发明人： Alfred R. Koelle
CPC分类号： G01S13/82
摘要： The invention provides a circuit for analyzing backscatter-modulated RF signals received from a remote transponder to determine whether the transponder is stationary or moving toward the reader or away from it and, if moving, the rate at which the transponder is coming or going. The circuit of the invention can be integrated with existing readers of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,739,328 and requires only a single antenna. In response to the signal received from a transponder, the invention circuit generates three signals, each having a different phase. By analyzing the pattern and frequency of signal state changes in the three signals, the invention can determine the transponder's speed and direction of movement.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种用于分析从远程转发器接收的反向散射调制RF信号以确定应答器是静止的还是朝向读取器移动或远离读取器移动的移动的电路，以及如果移动的话，应答器进来的速率。 本发明的电路可以与美国专利中描述的类型的现有读取器集成。 第4,739,328号，仅需要一根天线。 响应于从应答器接收到的信号，本发明电路产生三个信号，每个信号具有不同的相位。 通过分析三个信号中信号状态变化的模式和频率，本发明可以确定应答器的速度和运动方向。
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公开(公告)号：US4075632A
公开(公告)日：1978-02-21
申请号：US689708
申请日：1976-05-24
IPC分类号： A01K29/00 , A61B5/00 , B61L25/04 , G01S13/82 , G06K7/00 , G06K7/10 , G06K19/07 , G01S9/56 , H04B1/59
CPC分类号： A61B5/0008 , A01K29/005 , A61B5/0002 , B61L25/045 , G01K1/024 , G01K7/00 , G01S13/825 , G06K19/0723 , G06K7/0008 , G06K7/10009
摘要： The specification relates to a telemetering apparatus comprising a generator which generates at least a single frequency rf signal, a transponder for receiving that signal and for amplitude modulating it in accordance with information selected for transmission, an antenna on the transponder for reflecting the amplitude modulated signal, and a receiver which is preferably located at the generator. The receiver processes the signal to determine the information carried thereby.
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公开(公告)号：US5479160A
公开(公告)日：1995-12-26
申请号：US130630
申请日：1993-10-01
申请人： Alfred R. Koelle
发明人： Alfred R. Koelle
CPC分类号： G06K19/0723
摘要： A low power circuit which detects low level RF signals and RF signals of varying strength and, upon detection, activates or "wakes up" RF equipment, such as an automatic vehicle identification tag, that is normally kept in a dormant state to conserve operating power between active operations. The circuit converts a detected RF signal from a dc voltage signal to an ac voltage signal by "chopping" the dc signal to a "chopped dc" square wave, the amplitude of which is proportional to that of the original dc signal voltage, which in turn is proportional to the level of the received RF signal. The chopped dc square wave is then linearly combined with a threshold reference level signal of opposite polarity and the combined signals form the input to an ac-coupled limiting amplifier. The polarity of the amplified signal is identical to that of the larger of its two input signals. A phase detector determines the polarity of the amplified signal. When the phase detector discerns the detected RF activation signal, it activates the RF equipment.
摘要翻译： 一种低功率电路，用于检测不同强度的低电平RF信号和RF信号，并且在检测时激活或“唤醒”RF设备，例如自动车辆识别标签，其通常处于休眠状态以节省操作功率 在活动操作之间。 该电路将检测到的RF信号从直流电压信号转换为交流电压信号，通过将直流信号“斩波”为“斩波直流”方波，其幅度与原始直流信号电压成正比， 转动与接收到的RF信号的电平成比例。 然后将切断的直流方波与具有相反极性的阈值参考电平信号线性组合，并且组合信号形成到交流耦合限幅放大器的输入。 放大信号的极性与其两个输入信号中的较大者的极性相同。 相位检测器确定放大信号的极性。 当相位检测器识别检测到的RF激活信号时，它激活RF设备。
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公开(公告)号：US4999636A
公开(公告)日：1991-03-12
申请号：US312617
申请日：1989-02-17
CPC分类号： G01S13/82
摘要： Briefly, the range limiting system of the invention is capable of differentiating desired received signals having an amplitude above a predetermined threshold level and at least one other recognizable predetermined characteristic, from other received signals below that predetermined threshold amplitude. The system has a means for combining the received signal, which is of unknown amplitude which may be above or below the predetermined threshold amplitude, with a known signal of the predetermined threshold amplitude having at least one other predetermined characteristic which is distinguishable from the other recognizable characteristic of the received signal. The output of the combining means passes to a signal processing means which produces an output signal whose other recognizable characteristic is determined by the received signal only when the received signal is above the predetermined threshold amplitude, and by the known signal when the received signal is below the predetermined threshold amplitude. The presence or absence of the desired signal is determined on the basis of analysis of the other predetermined characteristic of the output signal of the signal processing means.
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