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    Method of fast gain control in WDM optical networks
    1.
    发明授权
    Method of fast gain control in WDM optical networks 失效
    WDM光网络快速增益控制方法

    公开(公告)号：US5900968A

    公开(公告)日：1999-05-04

    申请号：US728629

    申请日：1996-10-10

    Applicant: Atul Kumar Srivastava ,  James W. Sulhoff ,  Yan Sun ,  Robert William Tkach ,  John Lehrer Zyskind

    Inventor： Atul Kumar Srivastava ,  James W. Sulhoff ,  Yan Sun ,  Robert William Tkach ,  John Lehrer Zyskind

    IPC: H04B10/04 ,  H04B10/06 ,  H04B10/14 ,  H04B10/17 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H01S3/00

    CPC classification number: H04B10/296 ,  H04B10/2912 ,  H04B10/2935 ,  H04J14/0221

    Abstract: In a WDM network employing a plurality of optical amplifiers in at least one optical fiber link, a system and method for dynamically controlling gain in accordance with the collective behavior of the amplifier chain. According to the present invention, the required response time of dynamic gain control is selected substantially inversely relative to the number of amplifiers in the communication path. Illustratively, in a large-scale optical network (with signal channel paths traversing say, a hundred optical amplifiers), the response time of gain control in accordance with the present invention may be on the order of 5 .mu.s or even less.

    Abstract translation: 在至少一个光纤链路中使用多个光放大器的WDM网络中，根据放大器链的集体行为来动态地控制增益的系统和方法。 根据本发明，动态增益控制的所需响应时间相对于通信路径中的放大器的数量基本上相反地选择。 说明性地，在大规模光网络（具有通过数百个光放大器的信道通道）中，根据本发明的增益控制的响应时间可以在5μs甚至更小的数量级。

    Distortion compensation in optically amplified lightwave communication systems
    2.
    发明授权
    Distortion compensation in optically amplified lightwave communication systems 失效
    光放大光波通信系统中的失真补偿

    公开(公告)号：US06671466B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-12-30

    申请号：US09357228

    申请日：1999-07-20

    Applicant: Sonali Banerjee ,  Atul Kumar Srivastava ,  James William Sulhoff ,  Yan Sun

    Inventor： Sonali Banerjee ,  Atul Kumar Srivastava ,  James William Sulhoff ,  Yan Sun

    IPC: H04J1402

    CPC classification number: H04B10/296

    Abstract: Distortion and crosstalk that occurs when operating optical amplifiers in saturation is substantially reduced by passively compensating for gain variations caused by changes in input power to the optical amplifiers. More specifically, in an optical communication system having one or more optical amplifiers, a “reservoir” optical channel is supplied in addition to the other traffic-carrying optical channels. The wavelength of the reservoir channel is selected such that the power level of the reservoir channel varies in response to changes in power levels of the traffic-carrying channels. Because gain variations are typically highest around the gain peak region in an optical amplifier's gain bandwidth, the reservoir channel in one exemplary embodiment is assigned a wavelength around the gain peak region. As such, the reservoir channel can absorb or otherwise receive most of the distortion and crosstalk while the traffic-carrying channels located away from the gain peak region will experience less distortion and crosstalk. -Importantly, this passive compensation scheme can be used in an amplified system which is operating in the presence of nonlinear distortions caused by gain variations, such as inter-modal distortion and saturation induced crosstalk.

    Abstract translation: 通过被动地补偿由光放大器的输入功率变化引起的增益变化，实质上减少了在饱和状态下操作光放大器时发生的失真和串扰。 更具体地说，在具有一个或多个光放大器的光通信系统中，除了其它运载光信道之外还提供“储存器”光信道。 选择储层通道的波长，使得储层通道的功率水平响应于运载通道的功率水平的变化而变化。 由于增益变化通常在光放大器的增益带宽中的增益峰值区域附近最高，所以在一个示例性实施例中的储层通道被分配在增益峰值区域周围的波长。 因此，储存通道可以吸收或以其他方式接收大部分失真和串扰，而远离增益峰值区域的业务承载信道将经历较少的失真和串扰。 - 重要的是，这种无源补偿方案可以用在放大系统中，放大系统在存在由增益变化（如模态间失真和饱和感应串扰）引起的非线性失真的情况下工作。

    Wide band optical amplifier
    4.
    发明授权
    Wide band optical amplifier 失效
    宽带光放大器

    公开(公告)号：US6049417A

    公开(公告)日：2000-04-11

    申请号：US79938

    申请日：1998-05-15

    Applicant: Atul Kumar Srivastava ,  James William Sulhoff ,  Yan Sun ,  John Lehrer Zyskind

    Inventor： Atul Kumar Srivastava ,  James William Sulhoff ,  Yan Sun ,  John Lehrer Zyskind

    IPC: H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/23 ,  H04B10/17 ,  H01S3/00

    CPC classification number: H04B10/2941 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S2301/04 ,  H01S2301/06 ,  H01S3/2383 ,  H04B2210/258

    Abstract: A wide band optical amplifier employing a split-band architecture in which an optical signal is split into several independent sub-bands which then pass in parallel through separate branches of the optical amplifier. Each branch may be optimized for the sub-band that traverses it. The independent sub-bands are combined before output, resulting in a broad band, high efficiency amplifier. Alternative, hybrid split-band amplifiers are described. As a result of their desirable characteristics, these wide band optical amplifiers may be used in dense WDM communications systems.

    Abstract translation: 采用分波段结构的宽带光放大器，其中光信号被分成几个独立的子带，然后它们通过光放大器的分开的分支并行通过。 每个分支可以针对穿过它的子带进行优化。 独立的子带在输出之前被组合，产生宽带，高效放大器。 描述了替代的混合分离放大器。 作为其期望特性的结果，这些宽带光放大器可以用在密集WDM通信系统中。

    Lightwave communication systems using semiconductor optical amplifiers
    5.
    发明授权
    Lightwave communication systems using semiconductor optical amplifiers 有权
    使用半导体光放大器的光波通信系统

    公开(公告)号：US06473212B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-10-29

    申请号：US09253259

    申请日：1999-02-19

    Applicant: Andrew Roman Chraplyvy ,  Robert Meachem Jopson ,  Atul Kumar Srivastava ,  James William Sulhoff ,  Yan Sun

    Inventor： Andrew Roman Chraplyvy ,  Robert Meachem Jopson ,  Atul Kumar Srivastava ,  James William Sulhoff ,  Yan Sun

    IPC: H04J1402

    CPC classification number: H04B10/296 ,  H04B10/2914

    Abstract: Substantially error-free communications is achieved in an optical communication system that includes optical amplifiers by detecting bits transmitted in the amplified optical signal using a detection threshold that is derived as a function of a maximum power level associated with a first bit value, e.g., bit “0”, and a minimum power level associated with a second bit value, e.g., bit “1”. Importantly, this detection scheme can be used to accurately detect bit patterns in the amplified signal even in the presence of nonlinear distortions caused by gain variations, such as inter-modal distortion and saturation induced crosstalk. In a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) system comprising semiconductor optical amplifiers, for example, the detection threshold can be set at a level corresponding to PTOTAL/2N, where PTOTAL represents the total power in the WDM signal and N represents the number of optical channels in the WDM signal. According to another aspect of the invention, the effect of gain fluctuations becomes smaller as the number of channels increase. In particular, a smoothing effect is realized for the total effective saturation power as gain variations decrease as a function of an increase in the number of channels. As such, the performance of a semiconductor optical amplifier according to the principles of the invention approaches the linear performance of fiber amplifiers as the number of channels increases.

    Abstract translation: 在包括光放大器的光通信系统中实现基本无差错的通信，所述光通信系统使用检测阈值来检测放大的光信号中发送的位，所述检测阈值作为与第一位值相关联的最大功率电平的函数导出，例如位 “0”，以及与第二位值相关联的最小功率电平，例如位“1”。 重要的是，即使存在由诸如模态间失真和饱和感应串扰的增益变化引起的非线性失真，该检测方案也可用于精确地检测放大信号中的位模式。 在包括半导体光放大器的波分复用（WDM）系统中，例如，检测阈值可以被设置在与PTOTAL / 2N相对应的电平，其中PTOTAL表示WDM信号中的总功率，N表示光信道数 在WDM信号中。 根据本发明的另一方面，增益波动的效果随着信道数量的增加而变小。 特别地，当增益变化随着通道数量的增加而减小时，实现总有效饱和功率的平滑效果。 因此，根据本发明原理的半导体光放大器的性能随着信道数量的增加而接近光纤放大器的线性性能。

    Noise figure in optical amplifiers with a split-band architecture
    6.
    发明授权
    Noise figure in optical amplifiers with a split-band architecture 失效
    具有分频架构的光放大器的噪声系数

    公开(公告)号：US6049418A

    公开(公告)日：2000-04-11

    申请号：US89863

    申请日：1998-06-03

    Applicant: Atul Kumar Srivastava ,  James William Sulhoff ,  Yan Sun ,  Paul Francis Wysocki

    Inventor： Atul Kumar Srivastava ,  James William Sulhoff ,  Yan Sun ,  Paul Francis Wysocki

    IPC: H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/16 ,  H01S3/23 ,  H01S3/00

    CPC classification number: H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/0675 ,  H01S3/06766 ,  H01S3/0677 ,  H01S3/1608 ,  H01S3/2383 ,  H04B2210/258

    Abstract: A wideband optical amplifier employs split-band architecture in which an optical signal passes through a common amplification stage and is then split to pass through parallel gain stages, each of which may be optimized for a particular band being traversed. A broadband grating reflector is used after the input gain section to reflect the signals of one of the bands so that they again will pass through the common input gain section before passing through gain section of the split structure dedicated to their particular wavelength. Meanwhile, the other signals pass through the reflector and move on through the gain section pertinent to their wavelength.

    Abstract translation: 宽带光放大器采用分波段结构，其中光信号通过公共放大级，然后被分割以通过并行增益级，其中的每一级可以针对被遍历的特定频带进行优化。 在输入增益部分之后使用宽带光栅反射器以反射其中一个频带的信号，使得它们在通过专用于其特定波长的分割结构的增益部分之前再次通过公共输入增益部分。 同时，其他信号通过反射器并且通过与它们的波长有关的增益部分。

    Stable wavelength division multiplex ring network
    9.
    发明授权
    Stable wavelength division multiplex ring network 失效
    稳定的波分复用环网

    公开(公告)号：US6025941A

    公开(公告)日：2000-02-15

    申请号：US929926

    申请日：1997-09-15

    Applicant: Atul Kumar Srivastava ,  James W. Sulhoff ,  Yan Sun ,  John Lehrer Zyskind

    Inventor： Atul Kumar Srivastava ,  James W. Sulhoff ,  Yan Sun ,  John Lehrer Zyskind

    IPC: H04B10/02 ,  H04B10/04 ,  H04B10/06 ,  H04B10/14 ,  H04B10/18 ,  H04B10/20 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H04B10/08 ,  H04J14/00

    CPC classification number: H04J14/0291 ,  H04J14/0221 ,  H04J14/0241 ,  H04J14/0283 ,  H04J14/0201 ,  H04J14/0227

    Abstract: We have recognized that in a Wavelength Division Multiplex (WDM) ring network with a closed loop, the possibility of lasing at Amplified Spontaneous Emissions (ASE) wavelengths exists. In accordance with the present invention, we provide a technique for protecting against lasing in a WDM ring network comprising a plurality of serially connected node links, each node link including a segment of optical fiber and an access node site for adding or dropping one or more active wavelength channels to a transmission bandwidth of the network. The protection means changes the optical transmission characteristics of the transmission bandwidth of the network to ensure that the network loop gain at any wavelength is always less than the network loop loss.

    Abstract translation: 我们已经认识到，在具有闭环的波分复用（WDM）环网中，存在放大自发辐射（ASE）波长的可能性。 根据本发明，我们提供了一种用于在包括多个串行连接的节点链路的WDM环网中防止引发激光的技术，每个节点链路包括一段光纤和用于添加或丢弃一个或多个 有源波长信道到网络的传输带宽。 保护装置改变网络的传输带宽的光传输特性，以确保任何波长的网络环路增益始终小于网络环路损耗。

    System and method for reducing effects of optical impairments in optically amplified lightwave communication systems
    10.
    发明授权
    System and method for reducing effects of optical impairments in optically amplified lightwave communication systems 有权
    用于减少光放大光波通信系统中的光损伤的影响的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US06501870B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-12-31

    申请号：US09518301

    申请日：2000-03-03

    Applicant: Sonali Banerjee ,  Atul Kumar Srivastava ,  Yan Sun

    Inventor： Sonali Banerjee ,  Atul Kumar Srivastava ,  Yan Sun

    IPC: G02B628

    CPC classification number: H04B10/2935 ,  H04B10/2537

    Abstract: The effects of optical impairments on optical signal transmission are substantially reduced in a lightwave transmission system by positioning optical amplifiers and network elements in respective upstream-downstream combinations. By placing an optical amplifier at a position upstream from its corresponding network element, sufficient amplification can be provided by the optical amplifier to compensate for losses introduced by its corresponding network element. Advantageously, the corresponding downstream network element provides sufficient attenuation of the forward travelling lightwave signals so that power-dependent nonlinear effects in the optical fiber do not significantly distort the lightwave signals. Moreover, because of the downstream location of the network element in relation to its corresponding network element, the network element substantially suppresses backward travelling optical signal components such as those caused by Rayleigh backscattering, Stimulated Brillioun Scattering (SBS), and the like. As such, the network element prevents unwanted back reflections and back scattered signals from affecting operation of its corresponding optical amplifier.

    Abstract translation: 通过将光放大器和网络元件定位在相应的上游 - 下游组合中，光学损伤对光信号传输的影响在光波传输系统中显着降低。 通过将光放大器放置在其相应网元上游的位置处，光放大器可以提供足够的放大以补偿由其对应的网元引入的损耗。 有利地，相应的下游网络元件提供前向行进的光波信号的足够衰减，使得光纤中的功率相关非线性效应不会使光波信号显着失真。 此外，由于网元相对于其对应的网元的下游位置，网元基本上抑制了由瑞利后向散射，刺激亮度散射（SBS）等引起的反向行进光信号分量。 因此，网络元件防止不必要的反射反射和反向散射的信号影响其对应的光放大器的操作。

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