Stagnation point reverse flow combustor
    1.
    发明授权
    Stagnation point reverse flow combustor 有权
    停滞点逆流燃烧器

    公开(公告)号:US07425127B2

    公开(公告)日:2008-09-16

    申请号:US10927205

    申请日:2004-08-26

    IPC分类号: F23M3/00

    摘要: A method for combusting a combustible fuel includes providing a vessel having an opening near a proximate end and a closed distal end defining a combustion chamber. A combustible reactants mixture is presented into the combustion chamber. The combustible reactants mixture is ignited creating a flame and combustion products. The closed end of the combustion chamber is utilized for directing combustion products toward the opening of the combustion chamber creating a reverse flow of combustion products within the combustion chamber. The reverse flow of combustion products is intermixed with combustible reactants mixture to maintain the flame.

    摘要翻译: 一种用于燃烧可燃燃料的方法包括提供一个容器,该容器具有靠近近端的开口和限定燃烧室的封闭远端。 可燃的反应物混合物被提供到燃烧室中。 可燃的反应物混合物被点燃,产生火焰和燃烧产物。 燃烧室的封闭端用于将燃烧产物引向燃烧室的开口,从而产生燃烧室内的燃烧产物的逆流。 燃烧产物的反向流动与可燃的反应物混合物混合以维持火焰。

    Methods, apparatus and systems for real time identification and control
modes of oscillation
    4.
    发明授权
    Methods, apparatus and systems for real time identification and control modes of oscillation 失效
    用于实时识别和控制振荡模式的方法,装置和系统

    公开(公告)号:US5784300A

    公开(公告)日:1998-07-21

    申请号:US854444

    申请日:1997-05-12

    IPC分类号: F23N5/16 G01H1/00 G06F17/10

    摘要: A system for real time identification of modes of oscillation includes a sensor, an observer, a controller and an actuator. The sensor senses a controlled system such as a combustor, and generates a signal indicative of the modes of oscillation in the controlled system. For example, these modes of oscillation can be combustion instabilities. The observer receives the signal from the sensor, and uses the signal to determine modal functions and frequencies of the modes of interest with a pair of integrals with changing time limits. The controller receives the modal functions and frequency for each mode of interest from the observer, and effects a gain and phase shift for each mode. Based on the modal functions, the frequency, the gain and the phase shift, the controller generates and outputs a control signal, that is supplied to the actuator. The actuator controls the modes of oscillation of the controlled system, based on the control signal. The system of this invention can be used to damp or enhance oscillation modes of the controlled system, depending upon whether the oscillation modes are beneficial or detrimental to system performance.

    摘要翻译: 用于实时识别振荡模式的系统包括传感器,观察者,控制器和致动器。 传感器感测诸如燃烧器的受控系统,并且产生指示受控系统中的振荡模式的信号。 例如,这些振荡模式可能是燃烧不稳定性。 观察者从传感器接收信号,并使用该信号通过具有时间变化的一对积分来确定感兴趣的模式的模态函数和频率。 控制器从观察者接收每个感兴趣模式的模态函数和频率,并对每种模式产生增益和相移。 基于模态功能,频率,增益和相移,控制器产生并输出提供给执行器的控制信号。 执行器根据控制信号控制受控系统的振荡模式。 根据振荡模式是有益的还是不利于系统性能,本发明的系统可以用于抑制或增强受控系统的振荡模式。

    Tunable pulse combustor
    5.
    发明授权
    Tunable pulse combustor 失效
    可调谐脉冲燃烧器

    公开(公告)号:US5015171A

    公开(公告)日:1991-05-14

    申请号:US493490

    申请日:1990-03-14

    IPC分类号: B01J19/10 F23C15/00 F27D99/00

    摘要: An improved flame holder based tunable pulse combustor, and a processing system employing same. The processing system is for thermal, chemical, and physical processes which employ natural acoustic modes in a processing chamber to enhance the processing. An acoustically resonant processing chamber is provided as the processing vessel. A frequency tunable pulse combustor comprising a flame holder is positioned to excite natural acoustic modes in the processing chamber. Material introduced into the processing chamber is thereby subjected to acoustic pulsations while the material is being processed. The acoustic excitations in the system result in improved moisture removal and particle heating. Also disclosed are various embodiments of frequency and amplitude tunable pulse combustors which may be employed to excite the natural acoustic modes in the processing chamber, including axially translatable acoustic decoupler and flame holder configurations.

    摘要翻译: 改进的基于火焰保持器的可调谐脉冲燃烧器,以及采用其的处理系统。 该处理系统用于在处理室中采用自然声学模式以加强处理的热,化学和物理过程。 提供声学共振处理室作为处理容器。 包括火焰保持器的频率可调脉冲燃烧器被定位成激发处理室中的自然声学模式。 因此,在加工材料的同时,引入处理室的材料受到声波脉动的影响。 系统中的声学激发导致改善的除湿和颗粒加热。 还公开了频率和幅度可调谐脉冲燃烧器的各种实施例,其可用于激励处理室中的自然声学模式,包括可轴向平移的声学解耦器和火焰保持器构造。

    Method and apparatus for conducting a process in a pulsating environment
    6.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for conducting a process in a pulsating environment 失效
    用于在脉动环境中进行处理的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号:US4699588A

    公开(公告)日:1987-10-13

    申请号:US836997

    申请日:1986-03-06

    摘要: An improved pulsating processing system for thermal, chemical, and physical processes which employs nonlongitudinal acoustic modes in a processing chamber to enhance the processing. An acoustically resonant processing chamber is provided as the processing vessel. A frequency tunable pulse combustor or other selectively variable frequency acoustic exciter is positioned to excite natural nonlongitudinal acoustic modes in the processing chamber. Material introduced into the processing chamber is thereby subjected to nonlongitudinal acoustic pulsations while the material is being processed. Also disclosed is an improved frequency and amplitude tunable pulse combustor which may be employed to excite the natural acoustic modes in the processing chamber. One disclosed embodiment is a system for drying a slurry of material such as kaolin. The nonlongitudinal acoustic excitations in the system result in improved moisture removal and particle heating. Also disclosed are other various modulation devices for exciting longitudinal and nonlongitudinal natural acoustic modes.

    摘要翻译: 一种用于热处理,化学和物理过程的改进的脉动处理系统,其在处理室中采用非纵向声学模式以增强处理。 提供声学共振处理室作为处理容器。 频率可调谐脉冲燃烧器或其它选择性可变频率的声学激励器被定位成激发处理室中的自然非纵向声学模式。 因此,在加工材料时,被引入到处理室中的材料由此受到非纵向声波脉动的影响。 还公开了一种改进的频率和幅度可调谐脉冲燃烧器,其可用于激发处理室中的自然声学模式。 一个公开的实施例是用于干燥诸如高岭土的材料的浆料的系统。 系统中的非纵向声学激发导致改善的除湿和颗粒加热。 还公开了用于激发纵向和非纵向自然声学模式的其它各种调制装置。

    Pulse combustor apparatus
    7.
    发明授权
    Pulse combustor apparatus 失效
    脉冲燃烧器装置

    公开(公告)号:US4529377A

    公开(公告)日:1985-07-16

    申请号:US470486

    申请日:1983-02-28

    摘要: A pulse combustor apparatus including a combustor tube having open ends and containing at least one combustion zone where combustion of a fuel occurs and heat is released, resulting in the formation of a standing acoustic mode with nodes and anti-nodes in the tube. The combustion zone is located approximately half the distance between the acoustic pressure node and anti-node where the acoustic pressure oscillation lags the acoustic velocity oscillation by approximately one-quarter wavelength of the oscillation. Furthermore, the combustion air must flow towards the acoustic pressure anti-node. The fundamental principle relating to the occurrence of the pulsations in the combustor is the interaction between the combustion processes and both the non-zero acoustic velocity and acoustic pressure oscillations at the designated combustion zone location. In a preferred embodiment employing a vertical combustor tube, the combustion zone is located one quarter of the length of the tube away from the bottom of the combustor tube and a heat exchanger is located three quarters of the length of the combustor tube away from the bottom of the combustor tube.

    摘要翻译: 一种脉冲燃烧器装置,包括具有开口端并且包含至少一个燃烧区的燃烧器管,其中燃烧燃烧发生并释放热量,从而形成具有管中的节点和反节点的立体声模式。 燃烧区域位于声压节点和反节点之间的距离的大约一半处,其中声压振荡滞后于振动的四分之一波长的声速振荡。 此外,燃烧空气必须流向声压反节点。 与燃烧器中脉动发生有关的基本原理是燃烧过程与指定燃烧区位置处的非零声速和声压振荡之间的相互作用。 在使用垂直燃烧器管的优选实施例中,燃烧区位于管的长度的四分之一远离燃烧器管的底部,并且热交换器位于燃烧器管的长度的四分之三远离底部 的燃烧器管。

    Pulse combustor apparatus
    10.
    发明授权
    Pulse combustor apparatus 失效
    脉冲燃烧器装置

    公开(公告)号:US5176513A

    公开(公告)日:1993-01-05

    申请号:US621826

    申请日:1990-12-04

    IPC分类号: F23C6/04 F23C15/00

    摘要: A pulse combustor apparatus for burning solid fuel comprises a Rijke-type combustor tube and has a rotating fuel bed for defining a primary combustion zone adjacent the fuel bed. The rotating fuel bed tends to minimize agglomeration of solid fuel and accumulation of ash during combustion by agitating the solid fuel. An inlet conduit is provided for introducing a low nitrogen gaseous fuel to the combustion air upstream of the combustion zone to minimize the formation of NO.sub.x in the primary combustion zone. In other embodiments, inlets are provided downstream of the primary combustion zone for introducing additional air or gaseous, low nitrogen fuel for air staging or reburning to minimize the emission of NO.sub.x. Sorbents, such as limestone, are introduced above the bed to minimize SO.sub.2 emissions.

    摘要翻译: 用于燃烧固体燃料的脉冲燃烧器装置包括Rijke型燃烧器管,并且具有用于限定邻近燃料床的初级燃烧区的旋转燃料床。 旋转的燃料床倾向于通过搅拌固体燃料来最小化固体燃料的附聚和燃烧过程中灰分的积聚。 提供入口导管,用于将低氮气体燃料引入燃烧区上游的燃烧空气,以最小化初级燃烧区中的NOx的形成。 在其他实施例中,入口设置在主燃烧区的下游,用于引入额外的空气或气态低氮燃料用于空气分级或再燃烧,以使NOx的排放最小化。 引入床上方的吸附剂,如石灰石,以减少SO2排放。