摘要:
The invention provides chemical-mechanical polishing systems, and methods of polishing a substrate using the polishing systems, comprising (a) an abrasive, (b) a liquid carrier, and (c) a positively charged polyelectrolyte with a molecular weight of about 15,000 or more, wherein the abrasive comprises particles that are electrostatically associated with the positively charged polyelectrolyte.
摘要:
The invention provides a chemical-mechanical polishing systems, and methods of polishing a substrate using the polishing systems, comprising (a) an abrasive, (b) a liquid carrier, and (c) a positively charged polyelectrolyte with a molecular weight of about 15,000 or more, wherein the abrasive comprises particles that are electrostatically associated with the positively charged electrolyte.
摘要:
A smoking article having a valve system for closing off the flow of smoke to the user in response to an increase in temperature or humidity. The valve system includes a plastic body with a hollow valve chamber communicating with a smoke passage. A valve element is located in the chamber and is movable between a first position in which smoke from the smoking article is allowed to pass through the smoke passage and a second position in which the valve element closes the smoke passage thereby preventing smoke from passing therethrough. Expansion means are connected to the valve element and cause the valve to move between the first and second positions in response to the temperature or humidity of the smoke.
摘要:
A method of polishing or planarizing a substrate comprising abrading at least a portion of the surface of a substrate comprising a metal, metal oxide, metal composite, or mixture thereof, with a composition comprising a metal oxide abrasive and a liquid carrier, wherein the composition has a pH of about 7 or less and the metal oxide abrasive has a total surface hydroxyl group density no greater than about 3 hydroxyl groups per nm2.
摘要:
A variable ventilation mouthpiece for a smoking article includes first and second sets of vents, the first set serving to admit ambient air into the mouthpiece, and the second set adapted to variably introduce the admitted air into the smokestream for varying the level for dilution of the smokestream in relation to the suction applied by the smoker to the mouthpiece.