摘要:
A diesel fuel composition is set forth for an increased cetane number vis-a-vis conventional diesel fuel compositions. The composition generally comprises one or more compounds selected from the dialkoxy alkane (DAAK) chemical family. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diesel fuel composition consists of moderate amounts of dimethoxy propane (DMPP) and dimethoxy ethane (DMET) blended into a conventional diesel fuel.
摘要:
Improved processes for acid-catalyzed oligomerization of olefins and alkylation of toluene are disclosed using a catalyst blend of at least one perfluorinated ion-exchange polymer containing sulfonic acid groups and at least one polymer diluent in a nonpolar reaction mixture.
摘要:
Phosphine azacrown ethers and complexes thereof with selected cations as promoters for hydroformylation catalysts; adducts of said promoters with selected hydroformylation catalysts; process for making the promoters; and process for hydroformylation.
摘要:
The present invention is a process for producing organic esters wherein a dialkyl ether and a carboxylic acid are reacted in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of an iodide of a Group IA element under reaction conditions sufficient to form a reaction mixture comprising the desired organic ester and an alcohol and recovering the ester from the reaction product mixture. For example, methyl acetate can be prepared by reacting dimethyl ether and acetic acid in the presence of a hydrogen iodide or lithium iodide catalyst under conditions sufficient to form methyl acetate and methanol. While typical processes produce an azeotropic mixture of the desired organic ester and water, the claimed process utilizes a combination or reactants and catalysts wherein water is not produced in appreciable amounts. Therefore, the organic ester product can be separated conveniently thereby avoiding a cumbersome azeotropic distillation step as required in prior art processes.
摘要:
Improved processes for acid-catalyzed oligomerization of olefins and alkylation of toluene are disclosed using a catalyst blend of at least one perfluorinated ion-exchange polymer containing sulfonic acid groups and at least one polymer diluent in a nonpolar reaction mixture.
摘要:
A catalyst composition comprising a perfluorinated ion-exchange polymer containing sulfonic acid groups supported on an inert carrier having a hydrophobic surface with a mean pore diameter of at least 1000 .ANG.. Use of this catalyst provides improved hydrocarbon conversion processes for oligomerization of olefins, hydration of olefins and hydrolysis of esters.
摘要:
An improved for preparing N-substituted carbamate comprising reaction of a selected olefin or alcohol with a carbamate in the presence of a catalyst comprising a blend of a perfluorinated sulfonic acid polymer and a perfluorinated polymer diluent in a substantially nonpolar reaction mixture.
摘要:
Process for oxidatively carbonylating toluene to toluic acid, at least 50 mol % of the toluic acid being the p-isomer, said process comprising contacting and reacting, at 110.degree.-250.degree. C., at a pressure of at least 500 psi (3.45 MPa), toluene, carbon monoxide, oxygen and the catalyst ingredients consisting essentially of(a) a compound of rhodium or iridium;(b) a sulfur oxy-acid or a Group Ia or IIa metal salt of a sulfur oxy-acid;(c) a sulfur oxy-acid or sulfur oxy-acid mixture having a Hammett acidity value (-H.sub.o) of greater than 7.0; and(d) a cupric salt of a sulfur oxy-acid;said catalyst ingredients containing 0.3-30 mol % of (a) and 70-99.7 mol % of (b+c+d), with the molar ratios (b/a) and (c/a) each being at least 2 and the molar ratio (d/a) being at least 0.5, and recovering toluic acid.
摘要:
Preparation of isobutyric acid and esters by carbonylation of propylene in the presence of water or an alcohol, a palladium catalyst and ortho-substituted triarylphosphine.