公开(公告)号：US06793007B1

公开(公告)日：2004-09-21

申请号：US10460351

申请日：2003-06-12

申请人： Gary W. Kramer ,  Richard S. Frankel

发明人： Gary W. Kramer ,  Richard S. Frankel

IPC分类号： F28F700

CPC分类号： H05K7/20345 ,  C09K5/10 ,  F25B2339/047 ,  F25C1/14 ,  F25C1/16 ,  F25C5/24 ,  F25C2301/002 ,  F25D17/02 ,  H01L23/4735 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  Y02P60/855 ,  Y10S165/908 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： A cooling system for apparatus powered by electricity, that generates a substantial amount of heat during operation, and the heat must be dissipated to avoid failure of electrical and/or electronic components, such as semiconductor devices and integrated circuits, comprising the electrical apparatus. The cooling system employs liquid ice impinged on a heat sink thermally coupled with electrical apparatus. The attendant phase changes of the liquid ice first to water and then to steam remove a substantial amount of waste heat to prevent failure of the electrical apparatus.

摘要翻译： 用于由电力供电的设备的冷却系统，其在运行期间产生大量的热量，并且必须消散热量，以避免包括电气设备的电气和/或电子部件（例如半导体器件和集成电路）的故障。 冷却系统采用撞击在与电气设备热耦合的散热器上的液态冰。 首先将液态冰的相变相变为水，然后将蒸汽除去大量废热，以防止电气设备的故障。

公开(公告)号：US06827135B1

公开(公告)日：2004-12-07

申请号：US10460547

申请日：2003-06-12

申请人： Gary W. Kramer ,  Richard S. Frankel

发明人： Gary W. Kramer ,  Richard S. Frankel

IPC分类号： F28D1500

CPC分类号： H05K7/20345 ,  F28D15/0266 ,  H01L23/4735 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： A cooling system for apparatus powered by electricity, that generates a substantial amount of heat during operation, and the heat must be dissipated to avoid failure of electrical and/or electronic components, such as semiconductor devices and integrated circuits, comprising the electrical apparatus. The cooling system employs water impinged on a heat sink thermally coupled with electrical apparatus, at subatmospheric pressure. The attendant phase change of the water to steam at a reduced temperature due to the subatmospheric pressure improves removal of waste heat to prevent failure of the electrical apparatus.

摘要翻译： 用于由电力供电的设备的冷却系统，其在运行期间产生大量的热量，并且必须消散热量，以避免包括电气设备的电气和/或电子部件（例如半导体器件和集成电路）的故障。 冷却系统采用水冲击在与电气设备热耦合的散热器，低于大气压。 由于低于大气压力，在降低温度下水的蒸汽相变会改善废热的去除以防止电气设备的故障。

公开(公告)号：US06703189B2

公开(公告)日：2004-03-09

申请号：US09905567

申请日：2001-07-13

申请人： Emanuel A. Waddell, Jr. ,  Timothy J. Johnson ,  Gary W. Kramer ,  Laurie E. Locascio

发明人： Emanuel A. Waddell, Jr. ,  Timothy J. Johnson ,  Gary W. Kramer ,  Laurie E. Locascio

IPC分类号： G03C500

CPC分类号： B23K26/123 ,  B23K26/361 ,  B23K26/40 ,  B23K2103/52 ,  Y10S430/146

摘要： A method for simultaneously forming microstructures in substrates and altering their chemical character. The method involves exposing a surface portion of a substrate to light source, which is strong enough and of the appropriate wavelength to cause ablation of the substrate. The ablation of the substrate is controlled to form microstructures therein, such as channels. The ablation is conducted under a chemical atmosphere, which causes a change in the chemical functionality of the microstructures. The chemical atmosphere can be a gas, liquid or solid that is provided on the substrate surface. The method can be used to fabricate or modify microfluidic systems.

摘要翻译： 同时在基材中形成微结构并改变其化学特性的方法。 该方法包括将基底的表面部分暴露于足够强并且具有合适波长的光源以引起基底的烧蚀。 控制衬底的烧蚀以在其中形成诸如通道的微结构。 消融在化学气氛下进行，这导致微结构的化学官能度发生变化。 化学气氛可以是设置在基板表面上的气体，液体或固体。 该方法可用于制造或修饰微流体系统。