公开(公告)号：US5038026A

公开(公告)日：1991-08-06

申请号：US389684

申请日：1989-08-04

申请人： Gerhard Krause

发明人： Gerhard Krause

IPC分类号： G01J5/30 ,  H04N5/33

CPC分类号： G01J5/30 ,  H04N5/33 ,  H01L2924/0002

摘要： A circuit arrangement for infrared detectors, more especially for thermal viewing devices with photoresistors as detector elements is designed in order so as not to necessitate an input amplifier and an output amplifier for each detector. For this purpose the collector current of a transistor is integrated for a scan period in a capacitor and at the end of the scan period the capacitor is discharged through an electronic switch to a present potential.

摘要翻译： 用于红外检测器的电路装置，更特别地用于具有光敏电阻器作为检测器元件的热观察装置，以便不需要用于每个检测器的输入放大器和输出放大器。 为此，晶体管的集电极电流在电容器中的扫描周期被积分，并且在扫描周期结束时，电容器通过电子开关放电到当前电位。

公开(公告)号：US4449819A

公开(公告)日：1984-05-22

申请号：US288280

申请日：1981-07-30

申请人： Gerhard Krause

发明人： Gerhard Krause

IPC分类号： G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/00

CPC分类号： G01J3/433

摘要： A mixture of substances is analyzed by spectral analysis to establish the concentration of one component of the mixture. For this purpose signals U.sub.1 (.lambda.) representative of the spectrum of the substance under investigation and U.sub.2 (.lambda.) representative of the spectrum of the mixture of substances are manipulated electronically so as to remove the effects of cross-sensitivity and to yield an accurate value for the concentration of the substance in the mixture of substances. This concentration is normally difficult to determine because of the effects of cross-sensitivity, i.e. because other components in the mixture of substances have similar spectral lines to those of the substance under investigation. In one arrangement the two signals U.sub.1 (.lambda.) and U.sub.2 (.lambda.) are first differentiated in respective differentiating stages 13 and 14 and the differentiated signals are multiplied in a multiplier 17. The output signal from the multiplier is subsequently integrated in an integrator 20 and the output of the integration is a measure of the concentration of the substance under investigation. The signal F derived from the multiplier 17 has two components F.sub.N +F.sub.S. The component F.sub.N is a product of the wanted signal in respect of the substance under investigation from the reference source 11 and of the wanted component from the measured signal U.sub.2 (.lambda.). This product is always positive and thus leads to a maximum value at the output of the integrator. The component F.sub.S is equivalent to a product of the wanted signal from the reference source with unwanted signals from the measurement and is in fact a value which statistically flucutates about zero. The result of integrating this component is thus a value which approximates to zero. In other words the result of the integration provides exclusively information about the substance under investigation.

摘要翻译： 通过光谱分析分析物质的混合物以确定混合物的一种组分的浓度。 为此，以电子方式操作表示正在研究的物质的光谱的信号U1（lambda）和表示物质混合物的光谱的U2（λ），以消除交叉敏感性的影响并产生准确的值 用于物质混合物中物质的浓度。 这种浓度通常由于交叉敏感性的影响而难以确定，即因为物质混合物中的其它组分具有与被研究物质相似的光谱线。 在一种布置中，两个信号U1（λ）和U2（λ）在相应的差分级13和14中首先被微分，并且微分信号在乘法器17中相乘。乘法器的输出信号随后被积分在积分器20和 整合的产出是对被调查物质浓度的度量​​。 从乘法器17得到的信号F具有两个分量FN + FS。 分量FN是来自参考源11的被调查物质的有用信号和来自测量信号U2（λ）的有用分量的乘积。 该产品始终是正的，因此在积分器的输出端产生最大值。 分量FS相当于来自参考源的有用信号与来自测量的不需要的信号的乘积，实际上是统计学上大约为零的值。 因此，积分该分量的结果是近似为零的值。 换句话说，整合的结果提供了关于被调查物质的信息。

公开(公告)号：US4090149A

公开(公告)日：1978-05-16

申请号：US731432

申请日：1976-10-12

申请人： Gerhard Krause

发明人： Gerhard Krause

IPC分类号： H03F1/34 ,  H03F3/14

CPC分类号： H03F3/14 ,  H03F1/34

摘要： An integrated circuit degenerative feedback current amplifier has at least two amplifier stages and a degenerative feedback branch connected from the amplifier input to the amplifier output. An active element of the last amplifier stage has its output circuit subdivided in such a way that a subdivision of the output current results whereby a first partial current is guided via the degenerative branch and a second partial current is guided into the amplifier output.

摘要翻译： 集成电路退化反馈电流放大器具有至少两个放大器级和从放大器输入端连接到放大器输出的退化反馈支路。 最后一个放大器级的有源元件的输出电路被细分为这样一种方式，使得输出电流的细分结果导致第一部分电流经由退化分支引导，而第二部分电流被引导到放大器输出中。

公开(公告)号：US5175427A

公开(公告)日：1992-12-29

申请号：US595369

申请日：1990-10-10

申请人： Gerhard Krause

发明人： Gerhard Krause

IPC分类号： G01J5/30 ,  H04N5/33

CPC分类号： H04N5/33 ,  G01J5/30

摘要： A optoelectronic circuit arrangement, for instance for thermal viewing equipment, comprises a plurality of independent photodetector elements, whose signals are combined by multiplexers. The multiplexer output is connected with the common input of a switched integrator, which applies integrated signals to an output switch device, steps being taken to ensure that the multiplexer is at all times electrically separated from the output of the output switch device. For this purpose the integrator has at least one channel with three electronic switching members which in a cyclic sequence perform the operations of "integration", "output of integral value to output" and "erase integral value".

摘要翻译： 例如用于热观察设备的光电子电路装置包括多个独立的光电检测元件，其信号由多路复用器组合。 多路复用器输出与开关积分器的公共输入端连接，该输入端将积分信号施加到输出开关器件，其步骤是确保多路复用器始终与输出开关器件的输出电分离。 为此，积分器具有至少一个具有三个电子开关构件的通道，其循环地执行“积分”，“输出积分值到输出”和“擦除积分值”的操作。

公开(公告)号：US4448529A

公开(公告)日：1984-05-15

申请号：US253357

申请日：1981-04-13

申请人： Gerhard Krause

发明人： Gerhard Krause

IPC分类号： G01J1/42 ,  G01J3/28

CPC分类号： G01J3/2846 ,  G01J2001/4242 ,  G01J3/0229

摘要： Spectral analysis of a beam of radiation is carried out by splitting the beam of radiation into its respective spectral components and by applying a characteristic modulation to each of the spectral components before allowing them to fall on a common detector. The super-imposed signals generated by the detector and representative of the spectral components are then electronically segregated by reference to the characteristic modulations that have been applied to the individual spectral components. This is conveniently done by generating a series of modulated reference signals which have been modulated in exactly the same way as the spectral components of interest. The technique is not restricted to optical spectra but can also be used, for example, for X-ray spectra and mass spectra.

摘要翻译： 辐射光束的光谱分析是通过将辐射束分解成其相应的光谱分量并且通过在允许它们落在公共检测器上之前对每个光谱分量施加特征调制来进行的。 然后，通过参考已应用于各个光谱分量的特征调制，通过检测器产生并代表光谱分量的超强加的信号被电子分离。 这通过产生已经以与感兴趣的光谱分量完全相同的方式调制的一系列调制参考信号来方便地完成。 该技术不限于光谱，而是可以用于例如X射线光谱和质谱。

公开(公告)号：US4346863A

公开(公告)日：1982-08-31

申请号：US197894

申请日：1980-10-17

申请人： Gunther Zeitrager ,  Gerhard Krause ,  Herbert Guthmann

发明人： Gunther Zeitrager ,  Gerhard Krause ,  Herbert Guthmann

IPC分类号： B60T17/04 ,  A62C23/04

CPC分类号： B60T17/046

摘要： A device for securing a brake hose between the hose connection point located on the vehicle body and the hose connection point on the wheel brake assembly, at a part, such as the resilient strut, with which the brake assembly is connected in a motionally responsive manner. The hose is so laid as to compensate for changes in spacing between the hose connection points due to inspringing and/or steering movements.

摘要翻译： 一种用于将制动软管固定在位于车身上的软管连接点与车轮制动器组件上的软管连接点之间的部件，例如弹性支柱，制动器组件以其以运动方式连接的部分 。 软管被铺设以补偿由于刺激和/或转向运动引起的软管连接点之间的间隔的变化。

公开(公告)号：US4432649A

公开(公告)日：1984-02-21

申请号：US270469

申请日：1981-06-04

申请人： Gerhard Krause

发明人： Gerhard Krause

IPC分类号： G01N21/03 ,  G01N21/53 ,  G01N21/59

CPC分类号： G01N21/534 ,  G01N2021/0314 ,  G01N2201/066

摘要： A light transmitter transmits a beam of light along a measurement path to a light receiver which receives the light beam either directly or via a retro-reflector. The light receiver forms electrical signals representative of the transmission or absorption along the measurement path. In an arrangement with separate light transmitter and receiver units these units are arranged in respective housings at each end of the measurement path. In an alternative arrangement in which the light transmitter and receiver are in a single unit a retro-reflector is positioned at the other end of the measurement path. In this alternative arrangement the light transmitter/receiver unit is embodied in one housing and the retro-reflector in a second housing. In either arrangement both housings are sealingly closed by at least one and preferably two windows which can be moved cyclically into and out of the light beam. The transmission or absorption along the measurement path is calculated from the signals in such a way that the measured absorption is independent of the prevailing level of contamination. The apparatus is particularly useful for transmission measurements in chimneys and on airfields.

摘要翻译： 光发射器将光束沿着测量路径传输到光接收器，该光接收器直接或经由后向反射器接收光束。 光接收器形成表示沿着测量路径的透射或吸收的电信号。 在具有单独的光发射器和接收器单元的布置中，这些单元布置在测量路径的每个端部处的相应壳体中。 在光发射器和接收器处于单个单元中的替代布置中，后向反射器位于测量路径的另一端。 在这种替代布置中，光发射器/接收器单元被实施在一个壳体中，并且反射器体现在第二壳体中。 在任一种布置中，两个壳体通过至少一个并且优选地两个窗口密封地封闭，这两个窗口可以循环地移入和移出光束。 沿着测量路径的透射或吸收由信号计算，使得测量的吸收与主要的污染水平无关。 该装置对于烟囱和机场中的传输测量特别有用。

公开(公告)号：US4417481A

公开(公告)日：1983-11-29

申请号：US259401

申请日：1981-05-01

申请人： Gerhard Krause

发明人： Gerhard Krause

IPC分类号： G01F1/66 ,  G01P5/24

CPC分类号： G01F1/667 ,  G01P5/245

摘要： Apparatus for measuring the speed of flow of a flowable medium by determining the transit time of sound waves therein wherein first and second sound transmitter/receivers in the form of electroacoustic converters are spaced apart in the medium with an imaginary line joining said first and second transmitter/receivers having a component in the direction of the flow to be measured and wherein sound pulses of predetermined length are alternately transmitted in a first direction from said first transmitter/receiver to said second transmitter/receiver and in a second direction opposite to said first direction from said second transmitter/receiver to said first transmitter/receiver said sound pulses being converted into electrical measurement pulses on arrival at said transmitter/receivers there being processing circuitry for processing electrical measurement pulses to determine the speed of flow from the transit times of the sound pulses in said first and second directions, said processing circuitry including means for precluding from the determination electrical measurement pulses which do not conform to an expected pattern as a result of electrical or acoustic disturbances.

摘要翻译： 用于通过确定其中的声波的传播时间来测量可流动介质的流速的装置，其中电声转换器形式的第一和第二声音发射器/接收器在介质中间隔开，虚拟线连接所述第一和第二发射器 /接收器，其具有在待测量流动方向上的分量，并且其中预定长度的声音脉冲在第一方向上从所述第一发射器/接收器交替发送到所述第二发射器/接收器，并且在与所述第一方向相反的第二方向 从所述第二发射机/接收机到所述第一发射机/接收机，所述声音脉冲在到达所述发射机/接收机时被转换成电测量脉冲，其中处理电路用于处理电测量脉冲，以从声音的传送时间确定流速 在所述第一和第二方向上的脉冲，所述处理 电路包括用于排除由于电或声学干扰而不符合预期图案的确定电测量脉冲的装置。

公开(公告)号：US6065966A

公开(公告)日：2000-05-23

申请号：US193529

申请日：1998-11-17

申请人： Gerd Lohn ,  Gerhard Krause ,  Walter Mossle

发明人： Gerd Lohn ,  Gerhard Krause ,  Walter Mossle

IPC分类号： A61B17/16 ,  A61C1/07 ,  A61C1/14 ,  A61C3/03

CPC分类号： A61B17/162 ,  A61C1/142 ,  A61C1/0038 ,  A61C3/03

摘要： In the case of a medical or dental treatment instrument for the treatment of body tissue or a substitute material, in particular by cutting, with an elongated handpiece which in its front end region comprises a retaining device with a plug-in hole, into which the tool with its tool shank is capable of being inserted and is capable of being locked by means of a locking part which is movably supported transversely in relation to the tool shank between a locking position in which it is set into a locking recess in the tool shank and a release position releasing the tool shank and is pressurised into its locking position by the force of a spring, an actuating member which is manually accessible from outside is provided which is movably supported on the retaining device and with which the locking part is capable of being displaced into its release position, the actuating member being displaceably supported transversely in relation to the tool shank.

摘要翻译： 在用于治疗身体组织或替代材料的医疗或牙科治疗仪器，特别是通过切割的情况下，使用细长的手持件，其在其前端区域中包括具有插入孔的保持装置， 具有其工具柄的工具能够被插入并且能够通过锁定部分被锁定，所述锁定部件相对于工具柄横向移动地支撑在锁定位置之间，在锁定位置中，其被设置在工具柄中的锁定凹部中 并且释放位置释放工具柄并且通过弹簧的力被加压到其锁定位置，提供了可从外部手动接近的致动构件，其可移动地支撑在保持装置上，并且锁定部件能够通过该释放位置 移动到其释放位置，致动构件相对于工具柄横向地可移位地支撑。

公开(公告)号：US4389899A

公开(公告)日：1983-06-28

申请号：US200166

申请日：1980-10-24

申请人： Gerhard Krause

发明人： Gerhard Krause

IPC分类号： G01P5/18 ,  G01P5/24 ,  G01F1/66

CPC分类号： G01P5/247 ,  G01P5/18

摘要： The speed of a flowing medium is measured by determining the transit time of sound pulses transmitted alternately in opposite directions between first and second transmitter-receivers 23, 24 spaced apart in the direction of flow. A processing circuit 18, 19, 20 evaluates the speed of flow from the difference between the transit times in the two directions. The transit times in the two directions are measured by separate but identical first and second pulse circuits 11, 11'. Each pulse circuit includes a variable frequency generator 13 the frequency of which is so regulated by the transmitted pulse from the pulse generator 12 and the pulse E received from the associated transmitter-receiver that the reciprocal of its frequency is equal to the transit time in the associated direction. Delay circuitry 21 is able to delay the trigger pulse applied to the frequency generator 13 from the pulse generator 12 so as to take account of transit time errors in the apparatus.

摘要翻译： 流动介质的速度通过确定在沿流动方向间隔开的第一和第二发射器 - 接收器23,24之间在相反方向上交替传输的声音脉冲的传播时间来测量。 处理电路18,19,20根据两个方向上的运送时间之间的差来评估流速。 两个方向的运送时间由单独但相同的第一和第二脉冲电路11,11'测量。 每个脉冲电路包括可变频率发生器13，其频率由来自脉冲发生器12的发射脉冲和从相关联的发射器 - 接收器接收的脉冲E进行调节，其频率的倒数等于 相关方向。 延迟电路21能够延迟从脉冲发生器12施加到频率发生器13的触发脉冲，以便考虑装置中的通过时间误差。