摘要:
An aqueous solution of an alkaline earth salt of a low molecular weight carboxylic acid, such as calcium formate, is sprayed into a sulfur dioxide containing flue gas upstream of a solids particulate separator in amount sufficient to produce a flue gas temperature at least about 10.degree. C. above its dew point at the separator.
摘要:
A method of fuel treatment and distribution for an internal combustion engine including the sequence of steps as follows:(a) heating a catalyst bed reactor to a start-up temperature using exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine being operated on atomized alcohol; the catalyst bed reactor including a partial combustion catalyst and an alcohol dissociation catalyst;(b) vaporizing liquid alcohol to form alcohol vapor;(c) mixing the alcohol vapor with a fixed flow rate of air to form a partial combustion mixture, the flow rate being substantially fixed at about the flow rate required for adiabatic dissociation of the alcohol vapor at the flow rate of the alcohol vapor during idling of the internal combustion engine;(d) contacting the partial combustion mixture and the partial combustion catalyst and the dissociation catalyst to form a hydrogen-rich fuel;(e) mixing air and the hydrogen rich fuel to form a total combustion mixture;(f) burning the total combustion mixture in an internal combustion engine.
摘要:
In a reactor consisting essentially of a monolithic substrate containing a plurality of substantially parallel channels having catalytic surfaces and means for charging a reactant stream into the channels and recovering a product stream from the channels, an improvement comprising; positioning a plurality of passageways through the monolithic substrate generally parallel to the channels with the passageways being adapted to pass a heat exchange fluid through the monolithic substrate.
摘要:
Flue gas is desulfurized by mixing into it at a temperature between about 120.degree. and about 230.degree. C. a finely divided sorbent such as calcium hydroxide which has been reacted with an aqueous solution of solubilizing agent such as a deliquescent compound or a strongly ionizing inorganic salt and, immediately downstream of the mixing point, spraying water into the gaseous suspension. In one embodiment a portion of the solids separated from the flue gas are recycled for reuse as sorbent.
摘要:
Flue gas is desulfurized by mixing into it at a temperature between about 120.degree. and about 230.degree. C. a finely divided sorbent such as calcium hydroxide and, immediately downstream of the mixing point, spraying the gaseous suspension with an aqueous solution of solubilizing agent such as a deliquescent compound or a strongly ionizing inorganic salt. In one embodiment, make-up sorbent is derived from injection of limestone or dolomite into the combustion zone, and in another embodiment a portion of the solids separated from the flue gas is reactivated for reuse as sorbent.
摘要:
A reactor apparatus comprisinga reaction chamber having a wall, inlet means operatively connected to a methanol source, and outlet means connected to an internal combustion engine,inner fins along the chamber wall,dissociation catalyst material within the chamber,an outer housing surrounding the reaction chamber and having an inlet connected to the exhaust of the engine and an outlet, andcombustion catalyst within the space between the chamber wall and the outer housing.
摘要:
In a system including an alcohol fuel container, a first catalyst containing reactor, an internal combustion engine, alcohol is passed from the container through the first reactor which contains dissociation catalyst. The alcohol is dissociated in the first reactor to form a combustible gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen. The hydrogen is then fed to the engine. The improvement includes passing alcohol through a second reactor containing dehydration catalyst to form ether. Then passing that ether to the engine for start-up. Thus, the engine may be started using a mixture of ether formed in the second reactor and alcohol and then operated using hydrogen formed in the first reactor.
摘要:
A fuel treatment and distribution apparatus for use with an internal combustion engine comprising an alcohol storage tank,a vaporizer,a catalyst containing reactor,a dissociated alcohol storage tank,and a by-pass conduit means,said alcohol storage tank being in fluid flow communication with said vaporizer means,said alcohol storage tank being in fluid flow communication with said by-pass conduit means,said vaporizer being in fluid flow communication with said catalyst containing reactor means,said catalyst containing reactor means being in fluid flow communication with said dissociated gas storage tank,said dissociated gas storage tank being in fluid flow communication and internal combustion engine said by-pass conduit means being in fluid flow communication with said internal combustion engine whereby peak operating capacity being handled by addition of liquid alcohol through said by-pass conduit.
摘要:
An improved process for reducing the sulfur content of a flue gas derived from combination of a sulfur-containing fuel by inserting a dry sulfur sorbent material into the flue gas, then humidifying the sorbent-containing flue gas to enhance sulfur removal. The humidified flue gas is then subjected to electrostatic precipitation separation of solids, the first separated portion containing the highest unreacted sorbent values, which values are reinjected into the flue gas.
摘要:
Flue gases from two or more boilers are treated for reduction of their sulfur dioxide content by injecting as sorbent fine limestone or dolomite into one of the boilers, recovering a mixture of spent and calcined sorbent from the resulting flue gas, hydrating the resulting mixture to provide a dry slaked sorbent, and adding the dry slaked sorbent to sulfur-containing flue gas from a second boiler at a temperature of about 120.degree. to 230.degree. C.