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    Enzyme-catalyzed modifications of macromolecules in organic solvents
    1.
    发明授权
    Enzyme-catalyzed modifications of macromolecules in organic solvents 失效
    大分子在有机溶剂中的酶催化修饰

    公开(公告)号：US06210936B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-04-03

    申请号：US09165043

    申请日：1998-10-01

    Applicant: Joseph A. Akkara ,  Ferdinando F. Bruno

    Inventor： Joseph A. Akkara ,  Ferdinando F. Bruno

    IPC: C12P762

    CPC classification number: C12P7/625

    Abstract: Protease enzyme from Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus sp. Catalyzes the acylation of organic solvent-insoluble macromolecules in isooctane solution containing vinyl esters of fatty acids, lactones or lactides as acyl donors. The reaction occurs only when the enzyme is solubilized via ion-pairing with the anionic surfactant dioctylsulfosuccinate, sodium salt (AOT). Enzyme based acylation was demonstrated in macromolecules such as silk proteins. These macromolecules are reactive either as cryogenically milled powder suspended in the organic solvent or as a thin film deposited onto ZnSe slides. This selective acylation approach represents the first attempt at using enzymes to modify organic-insoluble macromolecules in nonaqueous media.

    Abstract translation: 来自枯草芽孢杆菌和芽孢杆菌的蛋白酶 催化有机溶剂不溶性大分子在含有脂肪酸，内酯或丙交酯的乙烯基酯作为酰基供体的异辛烷溶液中的酰化反应。 仅当酶通过与阴离子表面活性剂二辛基磺基琥珀酸盐钠盐（AOT）的离子配对溶解时才发生反应。 在大分子如丝蛋白中证明了酶的酰化作用。 这些大分子作为悬浮在有机溶剂中的低温研磨粉末或沉积在ZnSe载片上的薄膜是反应性的。 这种选择性酰化方法代表了在非水介质中使用酶来修饰有机不溶性大分子的第一次尝试。

    Enzyme-catalyzed modifications of macromolecules in organic solvents
    2.
    发明授权
    Enzyme-catalyzed modifications of macromolecules in organic solvents 失效

    公开(公告)号：US06448050B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-09-10

    申请号：US09639412

    申请日：2000-08-14

    Applicant: Joseph A. Akkara ,  Ferdinando F. Bruno

    Inventor： Joseph A. Akkara ,  Ferdinando F. Bruno

    IPC: C12P762

    CPC classification number: C12P7/625

    Abstract: Protease enzyme from Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus sp. Catalyzes the acylation of organic solvent-insoluble macromolecules in isooctane solution containing vinyl esters of fatty acids, lactones or lactides as acyl donors. The reaction occurs only when the enzyme is solubilized via ion-pairing with the anionic surfactant dioctylsulfosuccinate, sodium salt (AOT). Enzyme based acylation was demonstrated in macromolecules such as silk proteins. These macromolecules are reactive either as cryogenically milled powder suspended in the organic solvent or as a thin film deposited onto ZnSe slides. This selective acylation approach represents the first attempt at using enzymes to modify organic-insoluble macromolecules in nonaqueous media.

    Polyaromatic compounds and method for their production
    4.
    发明授权
    Polyaromatic compounds and method for their production 失效
    多芳族化合物及其生产方法

    公开(公告)号：US6150491A

    公开(公告)日：2000-11-21

    申请号：US187209

    申请日：1998-11-06

    Applicant: Joseph A Akkara

    Inventor： Joseph A Akkara

    IPC: C08G65/44 ,  C08G65/38 ,  C08G65/40

    CPC classification number: C08G65/44

    Abstract: Polyaromatic compound made by polymerizing one or more aromatic monomers, least one of the one or more aromatic monomers having the following structure: ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of OH and NH.sub.2, Y is selected from the group consisting of a halogen, a halogen-containing group, a boron-containing group, a phosphorus-containing group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyacid group, a carboxyacid group, an amino group, an amino acid group, an amide group, an ester group, a hydroxyl group and a sulfonic acid group, R is an alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, hydroxyphenyl, hydroxy naphthyl or hydroxy (.alpha., .beta., .gamma.) alkyl group, and n is an integer from 0 to 12. The (R).sub.n --Y group is preferably either ortho or para to X and more preferably is para to X. The polyaromatic compound may be a homopolymer consisting of one species of aromatic monomer of formula (I), a copolymer consisting of two or more species of aromatic monomers of formula (I), or a copolymer comprising one or more species of aromatic monomer of formula (I) and one or more species of an aromatic monomer not of formula (I). Preferably, the one or more aromatic monomers are reacted with a stoichiometric amount of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of horseradish peroxidase, the reaction taking place in water or in a mixture of water and one or more polar solvents. To obtain a substantial yield, the pH of the reaction medium is preferably around or below the pK.sub.a of the functional group of the monomer(s) being polymerized.

    Abstract translation: 通过聚合一种或多种芳族单体制备的多芳族化合物，所述一种或多种芳族单体中的至少一种具有以下结构：其中X选自OH和NH 2，Y选自卤素， 含卤基团，含硼基团，含磷基团，羧基，羟基酸基，羧酸基，氨基，氨基酸基，酰胺基，酯基，羟基 和磺酸基，R是烷基，苯基，萘基，羟基苯基，羟基萘基或羟基（α，β，γ）烷基，n是0至12的整数。（R）nY基团优选为 X和X的更优选的对位。更优选为X的对位。多芳族化合物可以是由一种式（I）的芳族单体组成的均聚物，由两种或更多种式（I）的芳族单体组成的共聚物， 或包含一种或多种的共聚物 式（I）的芳族单体的种类和不是式（I）的芳族单体的一种或多种。 优选地，一种或多种芳族单体在辣根过氧化物酶的存在下与化学计量的过氧化氢反应，反应发生在水中或水与一种或多种极性溶剂的混合物中。 为了获得显着的产率，反应介质的pH优选在被聚合的单体的官能团的pKa之下或之下。

    Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of macromolecules in organic solvents
    6.
    发明授权
    Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of macromolecules in organic solvents 失效
    有机溶剂中大分子的酶催化合成

    公开(公告)号：US5981240A

    公开(公告)日：1999-11-09

    申请号：US173607

    申请日：1998-10-02

    Applicant: Joseph A. Akkara ,  Ferdinando F. Bruno

    Inventor： Joseph A. Akkara ,  Ferdinando F. Bruno

    IPC: C12P7/62 ,  C12N9/50

    CPC classification number: C12P7/625

    Abstract: A method is described for a simple, fast and efficient synthesis of homopolymers and copolymers by the enzymatic ring opening polymerization of lactones and lactides. The enzyme used is an ion paired protease. The advantage of this enzymatic system is in using small amount of enzyme per monomer and lower reaction time. Homopolymers and copolymers are synthesized with molecular weights between 1000 and 4600 daltons, and dispersity as low as 1.1. The monomer conversion after 4 days, for reactions catalyzed by protease S, has reached 100%. Different initiators are used to control the rate and degree of polymerization. Synthesis of block copolymers with defined block size and crystallinity are described in this invention. These biodegradable and bioerodable polyesters and copolyesters with controlled molecular weight, dispersity and crystallinity have applications in medical, drug, cosmetic and food industries.

    Abstract translation: 描述了通过内酯和丙交酯的酶开环聚合简单，快速和有效地合成均聚物和共聚物的方法。 使用的酶是离子配对蛋白酶。 该酶系统的优点在于每单体使用少量酶，反应时间较短。 合成均聚物和共聚物的分子量为1000至4600道尔顿，分散度低至1.1。 4天后，由蛋白酶S催化反应的单体转化率达到100％。 不同的引发剂用于控制聚合速率和聚合度。 本发明描述了具有确定的嵌段大小和结晶度的嵌段共聚物的合成。 这些具有可控分子量，分散性和结晶度的可生物降解和生物侵蚀性聚酯和共聚酯可用于医疗，药物，化妆品和食品工业。

    Chemiluminescence-based method for rapid and sensitive in-situ detection of organophosphorus compounds and metal ions
    7.
    发明授权
    Chemiluminescence-based method for rapid and sensitive in-situ detection of organophosphorus compounds and metal ions 失效
    基于化学发光的方法，用于快速和灵敏地原位检测有机磷化合物和金属离子

    公开(公告)号：US5846753A

    公开(公告)日：1998-12-08

    申请号：US445565

    申请日：1995-05-30

    Applicant: Joseph A. Akkara ,  David L. Kaplan ,  Madhu S. R. Ayyagari ,  Kenneth A. Marx ,  Sanjay Kamtekar ,  Rajiv Pande ,  Sukant K. Tripathy ,  Jayant Kumar

    Inventor： Joseph A. Akkara ,  David L. Kaplan ,  Madhu S. R. Ayyagari ,  Kenneth A. Marx ,  Sanjay Kamtekar ,  Rajiv Pande ,  Sukant K. Tripathy ,  Jayant Kumar

    IPC: C12Q1/42 ,  C07D305/14 ,  C12Q1/44

    CPC classification number: C12Q1/42 ,  C12Q2334/00

    Abstract: A method of detecting the presence of a substance being monitored in a medium, selected from the group of substances including organophosphorus compounds and the metal ions Zn, Be and Bi, including the steps of: providing a 1,2-dioxetane phenyl phosphate compound; providing a phosphatase that catalytically degrades the 1,2-dioxetane phenyl phosphate compound to produce light, the catalytic activity of the phosphatase toward 1,2-dioxetane phenyl phosphate compound being altered by the substance being monitored; exposing the 1,2-dioxetane phenyl phosphate compound and the phosphatase together to a medium which may contain the substance being monitored; detecting light produced after the exposing step; and determining, from the detected light, the presence and concentration in the medium of the substance being monitored.

    Abstract translation: 一种检测在包括有机磷化合物和金属离子Zn，Be和Bi的物质组中的介质中被监测物质的存在的方法，包括以下步骤：提供1,2-二氧环乙烷苯基磷酸酯化合物; 提供催化降解1,2-二氧杂环丁烷苯基磷酸酯化合物以产生光的磷酸酶，磷酸酯对正在监测的物质的1,2-二氧环乙烷苯基磷酸酯化合物的催化活性改变; 将1,2-二氧环乙烷苯基磷酸酯化合物和磷酸酶一起暴露于可能含有被监测物质的介质中; 检测曝光步骤后产生的光; 并且从检测到的光中确定被监测物质的介质中的存在和浓度。

    Enzyme-catalyzed modifications of macromolecules in organic solvents
    9.
    发明授权
    Enzyme-catalyzed modifications of macromolecules in organic solvents 失效
    大分子在有机溶剂中的酶催化修饰

    公开(公告)号：US06455285B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-09-24

    申请号：US09639411

    申请日：2000-08-14

    Applicant: Joseph A. Akkara ,  Ferdinando F. Bruno

    Inventor： Joseph A. Akkara ,  Ferdinando F. Bruno

    IPC: C12P762

    CPC classification number: C12P7/625

    Abstract: Protease enzyme from Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus sp. Catalyzes the acylation of organic solvent-insoluble macromolecules in isooctane solution containing vinyl esters of fatty acids, lactones or lactides as acyl donors. The reaction occurs only when the enzyme is solubilized via ion-pairing with the anionic surfactant dioctylsulfosuccinate, sodium salt (AOT). Enzyme based acylation was demonstrated in macromolecules such as silk proteins. These macromolecules are reactive either as cryogenically milled powder suspended in the organic solvent or as a thin film deposited onto ZnSe slides. This selective acylation approach represents the first attempt at using enzymes to modify organic-insoluble macromolecules in nonaqueous media.

    Abstract translation: 来自枯草芽孢杆菌和芽孢杆菌的蛋白酶 催化有机溶剂不溶性大分子在含有脂肪酸，内酯或丙交酯的乙烯基酯作为酰基供体的异辛烷溶液中的酰化反应。 仅当酶通过与阴离子表面活性剂二辛基磺基琥珀酸盐钠盐（AOT）的离子配对溶解时才发生反应。 在大分子如丝蛋白中证明了酶的酰化作用。 这些大分子作为悬浮在有机溶剂中的低温研磨粉末或沉积在ZnSe载片上的薄膜是反应性的。 这种选择性酰化方法代表了在非水介质中使用酶来修饰有机不溶性大分子的第一次尝试。

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