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公开(公告)号：US4386534A
公开(公告)日：1983-06-07
申请号：US311858
申请日：1981-10-16
CPC分类号： G01N33/0011 , G01M15/102 , G01N1/2247
摘要： A system for obtaining samples of the exhaust of a combustor for subsequent constituent level analysis and a method of determining constituent levels. The system includes inlets (10,26) for alternately delivering exhaust or ambient air to the system. System outlets (56,58) are sealingly coupled to sample receiving and collecting containers (60,62) and a pump (32) is connected to the inlets (10,26) to pressurize gases entering the system. The pump has an outlet (36) to an air cooled heat exchanger (38) which is cooled by a fan (40) to condense water vapor in the gases. The heat exchanger is connected by plumbing (48,50,52,64,66) to the system outlets (56,58) and a chemical gas dryer (54) may be connected in the system when ambient air is entering the system inlet (26). The method of analyzing the exhaust includes the steps of partially filling a sample collecting container with dried air and thereafter directing the exhaust to be analyzed into the sample collecting container. The sample is subsequently measured to determine the volumetric levels of at least two constituents and thereafter, the Fuel Specific basis of one of the constituents is calculated utilizing the data obtained in the step of measuring and the normal volumetric level of the other constituent in ambient air.
摘要翻译： 一种用于获得用于随后的组分水平分析的燃烧器排气样品的系统和确定构成水平的方法。 该系统包括用于交替地将排气或环境空气递送到系统的入口（10,26）。 系统出口（56,58）密封地联接到样品接收和收集容器（60,62），并且泵（32）连接到入口（10,26）以对进入系统的气体加压。 泵具有到空气冷却的热交换器（38）的出口（36），其被风扇（40）冷却以冷凝气体中的水蒸气。 热交换器通过管道（48,50,52,64,66）连接到系统出口（56,58），并且当环境空气进入系统入口时，化学气体干燥器（54）可连接在系统中 26）。 分析废气的方法包括以下步骤：用干燥空气部分填充样品收集容器，然后将待分析的废气引导到样品收集容器中。 随后测量样品以确定至少两种组分的体积水平，此后，使用在测量步骤中获得的数据和环境空气中的其它成分的正常体积水平计算其中一种成分的燃料特定基准 。
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公开(公告)号：US4323401A
公开(公告)日：1982-04-06
申请号：US796586
申请日：1977-05-13
CPC分类号： F16J15/3424 , B23K26/0006 , B23P9/00 , C21D1/09 , F16C33/1075 , F16C33/14 , B23K2203/50 , Y10S148/903 , Y10S148/91 , Y10S384/907 , Y10S384/91 , Y10T428/12965 , Y10T428/12993
摘要： A bearing having a generally flat planer surface of pearlite, and an array of microasperities of martensite on the planer surface, each microasperity including a gently sloping front surface in relation to the direction of movement of the bearing and a sharply sloping rear surface in relation to such direction of movement. A pulsed laser beam or other heat source is focussed on the bearing to produce the array with microasperities of controlled size and shape.
摘要翻译： 具有大致平坦的珠光体平面的轴承和平面上的马氏体的微阵列，每个微细分布包括相对于轴承的运动方向和相对于轴承的急剧下降的后表面的缓慢倾斜的前表面 这种运动方向。 脉冲激光束或其他热源被聚焦在轴承上，以产生具有受控尺寸和形状的微空间的阵列。
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公开(公告)号：US4121085A
公开(公告)日：1978-10-17
申请号：US684229
申请日：1976-05-07
CPC分类号： C08F2/005
摘要： A laser system includes a nozzle assembly for use in directing a shielding gas around a laser beam and thereby protecting the point of focus from contamination by the atmosphere as is useful in welding and cutting applications. The nozzle includes a manifold section for admitting a shielding gas such as inert gas through a diffuser formed therein which exits from an outlet aperture through a nozzle tip section. The geometry of the nozzle is such that a certain amount of the shielding gas is flowed backward through an inlet aperture in the manifold section and thence into a housing container reflecting mirrors for directing and focusing the laser beam through the nozzle assembly. The remaining shielding gas, which is the bulk of the gas admitted, passes out through the outlet aperture in column fashion around the laser beam. By producing a back flow of shielding gas, aspiration of air through the housing and onto the workpiece is avoided. In addition, the necessity of having alternative means for preventing such aspiration in the form of windows or lenses closing off access to the housing is also prevented. The nozzle assembly is in two parts to facilitate interchanging of nozzle tips with the manifold, thereby providing a range of outlet opening sizes.
摘要翻译： 激光系统包括用于将保护气体引导到激光束周围的喷嘴组件，从而保护焦点免受大气中的污染，如在焊接和切割应用中有用的。 喷嘴包括歧管部分，用于通过形成在其中的扩散器通过喷嘴尖端部分从出口孔导出诸如惰性气体的保护气体。 喷嘴的几何形状使得一定量的保护气体通过歧管部分中的入口孔向后流动，并且从而进入用于引导和聚焦激光束通过喷嘴组件的反射镜的容纳容器。 剩余的保护气体是允许的气体的大部分，以列的方式通过出口孔径围绕激光束。 通过产生保护气体的回流，避免了通过壳体和工件的空气抽吸。 此外，还防止了防止以窗口或透镜的形式防止这种抽吸的替代手段关闭对壳体的通路的必要性。 喷嘴组件分成两部分，以便于将喷嘴头与歧管交换，从而提供一定范围的出口开口尺寸。
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公开(公告)号：US4120261A
公开(公告)日：1978-10-17
申请号：US855060
申请日：1977-11-25
CPC分类号： B05B5/082
摘要： An electrostatic coating system in which the workpiece to be coated is charged to a high DC potential. A conveyor moves the workpiece through the coating zone past a charged conductor. A suspended workpiece support includes a swivel joint to accommodate tilt and sway of the workpiece. A charge collector on the support has a spherically contoured surface which swings from the swivel joint so that the spacing of the collector from the conductor is substantially constant, stabilizing the voltage induced on the workpiece and minimizing the danger of sparking.
摘要翻译： 一种静电涂层系统，其中待涂覆的工件被充电到高直流电位。 输送机将工件通过涂覆区域移动通过带电导体。 悬挂的工件支撑件包括用于容纳工件的倾斜和摆动的旋转接头。 支撑体上的电荷收集器具有从旋转接头摆动的球形轮廓表面，使得集电体与导体的间隔基本上恒定，稳定了在工件上引起的电压并且使火花的危险最小化。
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公开(公告)号：US4221195A
公开(公告)日：1980-09-09
申请号：US8007
申请日：1979-01-31
CPC分类号： F02B19/1009 , F02B19/14 , F02B2019/008 , F02B2275/14 , F02B3/06 , Y02T10/123 , Y02T10/125
摘要： A liquid cooled, internal combustion engine operating on the diesel cycle including a combustion chamber (34) and a piston (14). Liquid coolant passages (40) receive liquid coolant from a pump (46) for cooling the engine. A prechamber housing (54) is in fluid communication with the combustion chamber but spaced by an air gap within an opening (50) in the head (24) of the engine. A gaseous coolant is directed via conduits (72,82,86,92) to the opening to cool the prechamber.
摘要翻译： 在柴油循环中运行的液体冷却的内燃机，包括燃烧室（34）和活塞（14）。 液体冷却剂通道（40）从用于冷却发动机的泵（46）接收液体冷却剂。 预燃室外壳（54）与燃烧室流体连通，但是与发动机的头部（24）内的开口（50）内的气隙隔开。 通过导管（72,82,86,92）将气态冷却剂引导到开口以冷却预燃室。
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公开(公告)号：US4047984A
公开(公告)日：1977-09-13
申请号：US632602
申请日：1975-11-17
CPC分类号： F16J15/3424 , B23K26/0072 , B23K26/064 , B23K26/0643 , B23K26/0648 , B23K26/0665 , B23P9/00 , C21D1/09 , Y10S148/903 , Y10T29/47
摘要： A method and apparatus for producing microasperities for enhancing lubrication is provided. A pulsed laser beam or other heat source having high resolution with respect to time and space is focused onto a surface such as a thrust bearing surface to produce an array of microasperities of controlled size, shape and density. The staggered ramp shaped asperities produce an enhanced lubrication effect.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于生产用于增强润滑的微细孔的方法和装置。 相对于时间和空间具有高分辨率的脉冲激光束或其他热源被聚焦到诸如推力轴承表面的表面上以产生受控尺寸，形状和密度的微阵列阵列。 交错斜坡形状的凹凸产生增强的润滑效果。
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公开(公告)号：US4685066A
公开(公告)日：1987-08-04
申请号：US683106
申请日：1984-12-18
申请人： Joseph C. Hafele , John W. Crayton
发明人： Joseph C. Hafele , John W. Crayton
IPC分类号： B01D35/143 , G01N15/06 , G01N11/04
CPC分类号： G01N15/0618 , B01D35/143 , F16H57/0404
摘要： A contamination monitor for sensing particle contamination in a liquid system having a filter includes a sensor for measuring the pressure differential across the filter, a reference apparatus for providing information relative to at least one of the viscosity changes and the flow changes of the liquid passing through the filter by providing one or more reference signals relating thereto, and a programmable data processing and interface unit for receiving data from the sensor and the reference apparatus and providing a recognizable compensated output corresponding to the contamination level of the liquid system. The data processing and interface unit can provide a plurality of command signals for lighting a plurality of lights that can be individually used for diagnostic purposes and can provide information on the rate of plugging of the filter.
摘要翻译： 用于感测具有过滤器的液体系统中的颗粒污染的污染监测器包括用于测量过滤器上的压力差的传感器，用于提供关于粘度变化和通过的液体的流动变化中的至少一个的信息的参考装置 通过提供与其相关的一个或多个参考信号，以及可编程数据处理和接口单元，用于从传感器和参考装置接收数据，并提供对应于液体系统的污染水平的可识别的补偿输出。 数据处理和接口单元可以提供多个命令信号，用于点亮可单独用于诊断目的的多个灯，并且可以提供关于过滤器堵塞速率的信息。
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公开(公告)号：US4030816A
公开(公告)日：1977-06-21
申请号：US679420
申请日：1976-04-22
申请人： William H. Belke , Joseph C. Hafele
发明人： William H. Belke , Joseph C. Hafele
CPC分类号： G02B26/0825
摘要： A reflective mirror system for controlling the supply beam of a laser is provided. The system includes a first mirror having the surface of a partial section of the surface of a paraboloid of revolution and mounted in a housing relative to a collimated beam such as produced by a laser, so as to reflect the beam from the direction of travel on to a second mirror. From the second mirror the beam is reflected through an opening in the first mirror and converged to a point of focus for doing useful work on a workpiece.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于控制激光束的供应光束的反射镜系统。 该系统包括第一反射镜，其具有旋转抛物面的表面的局部剖面的表面，并且相对于诸如由激光产生的准直光束安装在壳体中，以便将光束从行进方向反射 到第二个镜子。 从第二反射镜，光束通过第一反射镜中的开口反射并且会聚到聚焦点以在工件上进行有用的工作。
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公开(公告)号：US4520652A
公开(公告)日：1985-06-04
申请号：US461727
申请日：1983-01-28
CPC分类号： G01N33/0011 , G01M15/102 , G01N1/2247
摘要： A system for obtaining samples of the exhaust of a combustor for subsequent constituent level analysis and a method of determining constituent levels. The system includes inlets (10,26) for alternately delivering exhaust or ambient air to the system. System outlets (56,58) are sealingly coupled to sample receiving and collecting containers (60,62) and a pump (32) is connected to the inlets (10,26) to pressurize gases entering the system. The pump has an outlet (32) to an air cooled heat exchanger (38) which is cooled by a fan (40) to condense water vapor in the gases. The heat exchanger is connected by plumbing (48,50,52,64,66) to the system outlets (56,58) and a chemical gas dryer (54) may be connected in the system when ambient air is entering the system inlet (26). The method of analyzing the exhaust includes the steps of partially filling a sample collecting container with dried air and thereafter directing the exhaust to be analyzed into the sample collecting container. The sample is subsequently measured to determine the volumetric levels of at least two constituents and thereafter, the Fuel Specific basis of one of the constituents is calculated utilizing the data obtained in the step of measuring and the normal volumetric level of the other constituent in ambient air.
摘要翻译： 一种用于获得用于随后的组分水平分析的燃烧器排气样品的系统和确定构成水平的方法。 该系统包括用于交替地将排气或环境空气递送到系统的入口（10,26）。 系统出口（56,58）密封地联接到样品接收和收集容器（60,62），并且泵（32）连接到入口（10,26）以对进入系统的气体加压。 泵具有到空气冷却的热交换器（38）的出口（32），其被风扇（40）冷却以冷凝气体中的水蒸气。 热交换器通过管道（48,50,52,64,66）连接到系统出口（56,58），并且当环境空气进入系统入口时，化学气体干燥器（54）可连接在系统中 26）。 分析废气的方法包括以下步骤：用干燥空气部分填充样品收集容器，然后将待分析的废气引导到样品收集容器中。 随后测量样品以确定至少两种组分的体积水平，此后，使用在测量步骤中获得的数据和环境空气中的其它成分的正常体积水平计算其中一种成分的燃料特定基准 。
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