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1.发明授权公开(公告)号：US08101919B2
公开(公告)日：2012-01-24
申请号：US12100254
申请日：2008-04-09
CPC分类号： G01T1/202 , G01T1/2008
摘要： The intrinsic background of a gamma ray spectrometer is significantly reduced by surrounding the scintillator with a second scintillator. This second (external) scintillator surrounds the first scintillator and has an opening of approximately the same diameter as the smaller central scintillator in the forward direction. The second scintillator is selected to have a higher atomic number, and thus has a larger probability for a Compton scattering interaction than within the inner region. Scattering events that are essentially simultaneous in coincidence to the first and second scintillators, from an electronics perspective, are precluded electronically from the data stream. Thus, only gamma-rays that are wholly contained in the smaller central scintillator are used for analytic purposes.
摘要翻译： 通过用第二个闪烁体围绕闪烁体，显着降低了伽马射线光谱仪的固有背景。 该第二（外部）闪烁器围绕第一闪烁体并且具有与向前方向上的较小中心闪烁体大致相同直径的开口。 选择第二个闪烁体具有较高的原子数，因此与内部区域相比，康普顿散射相互作用的概率较大。 从电子学的观点来看，与第一和第二闪烁体基本上同时重合的散射事件被电子地从数据流中排除。 因此，只有完全包含在较小中心闪烁体中的伽马射线用于分析目的。
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公开(公告)号：US06310350B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-30
申请号：US09404288
申请日：1999-09-23
申请人： Eric H. Silver , Norman W. Madden
发明人： Eric H. Silver , Norman W. Madden
IPC分类号： G01T136
CPC分类号： G01K17/006 , G01K1/026
摘要： Multi-element microcalorimeter array. The microcalorimeter array includes at least two microcalorimeter with each microcalorimeter including a detector coupled thermally to a cold bath. Each detector has associated with it a thermal sensor to generate a signal proportional to a rise in the detector's temperature. A single negative voltage feedback JFET preamplifier circuit is connected to each of the detectors and includes a JFET with a gate, the signals from the thermal sensors connected to the gate. The output of the preamplifier circuit is proportional to radiation energy absorbed by the detector. Each detector has a different thermal recovery time so that the detectors can be discriminated. The multiplexing arrangement of the invention makes it possible to reduce the overall number of preamplifier and post-processing channels for a large multi-element array. This reduction in turn significantly lowers the JFET heat load, mass and power requirements for the microcalorimeter array.
摘要翻译： 多元微量计数组。 微量热计阵列包括至少两个微量热计，其中每个微量热计包括热耦合到冷浴的检测器。 每个检测器与其相关联的是一个热传感器，以产生与检测器温度上升成比例的信号。 单个负电压反馈JFET前置放大器电路连接到每个检测器，并且包括具有栅极的JFET，来自热传感器的信号连接到栅极。 前置放大器电路的输出与检测器吸收的辐射能成正比。 每个检测器具有不同的热恢复时间，使得可以区分检测器。 本发明的复用布置使得可以减少用于大型多元件阵列的前置放大器和后处理通道的总数。 这种减少反而显着降低了微量热计量阵列的JFET热负荷，质量和功率要求。
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公开(公告)号：US4955204A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-11
申请号：US434249
申请日：1989-11-09
CPC分类号： F17C3/085 , F04B37/08 , F25D19/006 , F25D3/10 , F17C2270/0509
摘要： A cryostat is provided which comprises a vacuum vessel; a target disposed within the vacuum vessel; a heat sink disposed within the vacuum vesssel for absorbing heat from the detector; a cooling mechanism for cooling the heat sink; a cryoabsorption mechanism for cryoabsorbing residual gas within the vacuum vessel; and a heater for maintaining the target above a temperature at which the residual gas is cryoabsorbed in the course of cryoabsorption of the residual gas by the cryoabsorption mechanism.
摘要翻译： 提供低温恒温器，其包括真空容器; 设置在真空容器内的靶; 设置在所述真空容器内的用于从所述检测器吸收热量的散热器; 用于冷却散热器的冷却机构; 用于在真空容器内冷冻吸收残余气体的冷冻吸收机制; 以及用于将目标物保持在高于冷冻吸收机构对残留气体进行冷冻吸收的过程中被冷冻吸收的温度的加热器。
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公开(公告)号：US07161150B2
公开(公告)日：2007-01-09
申请号：US11052176
申请日：2005-02-07
IPC分类号： G01J5/02
摘要： A portable radiation detector using a high-purity germanium crystal as the sensing device. The crystal is fabricated such that it exhibits a length to width ratio greater than 1:1 and is oriented within the detector to receive radiation along the width of said crystal. The crystal is located within a container pressurized with ultra-pure nitrogen, and the container is located within a cryostat under vacuum.
摘要翻译： 使用高纯度锗晶体的便携式辐射探测器作为感测装置。 晶体被制造成使得其长宽比大于1:1，并且在检测器内定向以沿着所述晶体的宽度接收辐射。 晶体位于用超纯氮加压的容器内，容器在真空下位于低温恒温器内。
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公开(公告)号：US07232487B2
公开(公告)日：2007-06-19
申请号：US10039448
申请日：2001-11-09
IPC分类号： C30B29/08
CPC分类号： G01K7/223
摘要： A method of making a highly sensitive epitaxial germanium low temperature sensor that is superior in the method of production and performance than those currently available. The geometry and sensitivity of the sensor can be tuned to desired temperature ranges, and specifically can operate at cryogenic temperatures. The sensor can be manufactured uniformly and reproducibly in large quantities at relatively low cost in which large area arrays are possible. The applications of the sensors range from conventional low temperature thermometry and control in laboratory and industrial settings, to applications associated with infrared, x-ray, particle and plasma physics and spectroscopy.
摘要翻译： 制造高度敏感的外延锗低温传感器的方法，其在生产和性能方面优于目前可获得的。 传感器的几何形状和灵敏度可以调整到所需的温度范围，具体可以在低温下运行。 传感器可以以相对较低的成本大量均匀且可重复地制造，其中大面积阵列是可能的。 传感器的应用范围从实验室和工业环境中的常规低温测温和控制到与红外线，X射线，粒子和等离子体物理学和光谱学相关的应用。
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公开(公告)号：US06396061B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-28
申请号：US09406913
申请日：1999-09-24
IPC分类号： G12B1500
CPC分类号： G01J5/061
摘要： A thermal radiation shield for cooled portable gamma-ray spectrometers. The thermal radiation shield is located intermediate the vacuum enclosure and detector enclosure, is actively driven, and is useful in reducing the heat load to mechanical cooler and additionally extends the lifetime of the mechanical cooler. The thermal shield is electrically-powered and is particularly useful for portable solid-state gamma-ray detectors or spectrometers that dramatically reduces the cooling power requirements. For example, the operating shield at 260K (40K below room temperature) will decrease the thermal radiation load to the detector by 50%, which makes possible portable battery operation for a mechanically cooled Ge spectrometer.
摘要翻译： 用于冷却便携式γ射线光谱仪的热辐射屏蔽。 热辐射屏蔽位于真空外壳和检测器外壳的中间，被主动驱动，并且可用于减少机械冷却器的热负荷，并且还可延长机械冷却器的使用寿命。 热屏蔽是电动的，对于便携式固态γ射线检测器或光谱仪特别有用，可显着降低冷却功率要求。 例如，260K（40K低于室温）的操作屏蔽将使检测器的热辐射负载降低50％，这使得机械冷却Ge光谱仪的便携式电池运行成为可能。
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公开(公告)号：US08115178B2
公开(公告)日：2012-02-14
申请号：US12431595
申请日：2009-04-28
申请人： Roscoe E. Marrs , Norman W. Madden
发明人： Roscoe E. Marrs , Norman W. Madden
IPC分类号： G01T1/20
CPC分类号： G01T1/17 , G01T1/2018
摘要： According to one embodiment, a radiation detector comprises a scintillator and a photodiode optically coupled to the scintillator. The radiation detector also includes a bias voltage source electrically coupled to the photodiode, a first detector operatively electrically coupled to the photodiode for generating a signal indicative of a level of a charge at an output of the photodiode, and a second detector operatively electrically coupled to the bias voltage source for generating a signal indicative of an amount of current flowing through the photodiode.
摘要翻译： 根据一个实施例，辐射检测器包括闪烁体和光耦合到闪烁体的光电二极管。 辐射检测器还包括电耦合到光电二极管的偏置电压源，第一检测器，可操作地电耦合到光电二极管，用于产生指示光电二极管的输出处的电荷水平的信号;以及第二检测器，其操作电耦合到 用于产生指示流过光电二极管的电流量的信号的偏置电压源。
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8.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20080251728A1
公开(公告)日：2008-10-16
申请号：US12100254
申请日：2008-04-09
IPC分类号： G01T1/20
CPC分类号： G01T1/202 , G01T1/2008
摘要： The intrinsic background of a gamma ray spectrometer is significantly reduced by surrounding the scintillator with a second scintillator. This second (external) scintillator surrounds the first scintillator and has an opening of approximately the same diameter as the smaller central scintillator in the forward direction. The second scintillator is selected to have a higher atomic number, and thus has a larger probability for a Compton scattering interaction than within the inner region. Scattering events that are essentially simultaneous in coincidence to the first and second scintillators, from an electronics perspective, are precluded electronically from the data stream. Thus, only gamma-rays that are wholly contained in the smaller central scintillator are used for analytic purposes.
摘要翻译： 通过用第二个闪烁体围绕闪烁体，显着降低了伽马射线光谱仪的固有背景。 该第二（外部）闪烁器围绕第一闪烁体并且具有与向前方向上的较小中心闪烁体大致相同直径的开口。 选择第二个闪烁体具有较高的原子数，因此与内部区域相比，康普顿散射相互作用的概率较大。 从电子学的观点来看，与第一和第二闪烁体基本上同时重合的散射事件被电子地从数据流中排除。 因此，只有完全包含在较小中心闪烁体中的伽马射线用于分析目的。
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公开(公告)号：US3691342A
公开(公告)日：1972-09-12
申请号：US3691342D
申请日：1970-03-09
申请人： WALTER W GILES , NORMAN W MADDEN
发明人： GILES WALTER W , MADDEN NORMAN W
CPC分类号： B23K3/0338
摘要： An improved electric soldering iron of a type operable by one hand and adapted for working in restricted places with (1) safety to adjacent material and (2) minimal transference of heat from a heating element to the handle of the device, these aims being achieved by a specially structured tube of very small diameter and great length extended from the handle of the device and attached at the forward end to the soldering tip, with ventilating means being provided adjacent the tip to further reduce the transfer of heat from the tip to the handle.
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公开(公告)号：US20100270471A1
公开(公告)日：2010-10-28
申请号：US12431595
申请日：2009-04-28
申请人： Roscoe E. Marrs , Norman W. Madden
发明人： Roscoe E. Marrs , Norman W. Madden
IPC分类号： G01T1/20
CPC分类号： G01T1/17 , G01T1/2018
摘要： According to one embodiment, a radiation detector comprises a scintillator and a photodiode optically coupled to the scintillator. The radiation detector also includes a bias voltage source electrically coupled to the photodiode, a first detector operatively electrically coupled to the photodiode for generating a signal indicative of a level of a charge at an output of the photodiode, and a second detector operatively electrically coupled to the bias voltage source for generating a signal indicative of an amount of current flowing through the photodiode.
摘要翻译： 根据一个实施例，辐射检测器包括闪烁体和光耦合到闪烁体的光电二极管。 辐射检测器还包括电耦合到光电二极管的偏置电压源，第一检测器，可操作地电耦合到光电二极管，用于产生指示光电二极管的输出处的电荷水平的信号;以及第二检测器，其操作电耦合到 用于产生指示流过光电二极管的电流量的信号的偏置电压源。
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