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公开(公告)号：US4423487A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-27
申请号：US208693
申请日：1980-11-20
CPC分类号： F23N5/006 , F23N2023/04 , F23N2023/08 , F23N2025/10 , F23N2027/20 , F23N2031/20 , F23N2031/22 , F23N5/10
摘要： This disclosure relates to apparatus of the kind suitable for taking spot measurements of the heat loss or stack loss and/or efficiency (.eta.) in flue gases (stack loss) and comprises respective sensors (5, 3) for producing output signals which vary with the temperature and the concentration of a constituent gas e.g. O.sub.2 of the flue gases and microprocessor-based computation means (10) arranged to derive measurement values of (and numerically equal to) the measured temperature and constituent gas concentration, from the two sensors and to apply these measurement values in the computation of a predetermined formula relating the stack loss or efficiency to the measured quantities. In accordance with the invention, the apparatus is arranged to automatically calibrate each sensor signal from a test measurement prior to deriving the measurement values. This may be achieved in the case of a sensor having a non-linear response, by performing a calculation of a formula defining the non-linear response of the sensor using a coefficient derived from the test measurement. The sensor output signal is thus automatically calibrated and "linearized" from a single test measurement. The predetermined stack loss or efficiency formula may be modified for different types of fuel, and temperature and O.sub.2 (or CO.sub.2) values used in the calculation as well as the result of the calculation may be presented on a visual display (24).
摘要翻译： 本公开涉及适于对烟气中的热损失或堆垛损耗和/或效率（eta）进行点测量的装置（堆垛损失），并且包括用于产生输出信号的相应传感器（5,3），所述输出信号随着 组成气体的温度和浓度，例如 烟气的O2和基于微处理器的计算装置（10）被布置成从两个传感器导出测量温度和组分气体浓度的测量值（并且数值等于），并且将这些测量值应用于预定的 将堆垛损失或效率与测量量相关联的公式。 根据本发明，该装置被布置成在导出测量值之前从测试测量自动校准每个传感器信号。 这可以在具有非线性响应的传感器的情况下通过使用从测试测量导出的系数来定义传感器的非线性响应的公式的计算来实现。 因此，传感器输出信号将通过单次测试进行自动校准和“线性化”。 可以针对不同类型的燃料修改预定的堆垛损失或效率公式，并且可以在视觉显示器（24）上呈现计算中使用的温度和O 2（或CO 2）值以及计算结果。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4020480A
公开(公告)日：1977-04-26
申请号：US570073
申请日：1975-04-21
IPC分类号： G01N27/04 , G01D3/08 , G01N27/16 , G01R17/10 , G01R19/165 , G08B17/00 , G08B17/10 , G08B17/117
CPC分类号： G01N27/16 , G01D3/08 , G01R17/10 , G01R19/16576
摘要： Apparatus for detecting combustible gases and vapors, and comprises catalytic sensors selectively sensitive to the presence in a given environment of a potentially dangerous constituent such as a hydrocarbon gas and arranged to produce a signal representative of the presence of the constituent, a normally deactivated transducer responsive on activation to the output of the sensors and effective to produce an output signal indicative of the presence of the constituent in a concentration above a predetermined level, a pulse generating circuit arranged automatically and periodically to activate the sensors for a selected relatively short interval during which detection but not poisoning can occur and subsequently to deactivate the sensors for a relatively long period, fault detecting circuits for producing a fault signal in the event of circuit failure or impending power failure, and alarm circuitry for providing a differentiated warning in response to the fault signal and in response to the output signal.
摘要翻译： 用于检测可燃气体和蒸气的装置，并且包括催化传感器，所述催化传感器选择性地敏感于在给定环境中存在潜在危险的组分如烃气体并且被布置成产生表示组分存在的信号，响应于正常停用的换能器 激活到传感器的输出并且有效地产生指示组分在高于预定水平的浓度的存在的输出信号;脉冲发生电路，其自动和周期性地布置，以激活所选择的相对短的间隔的传感器，在此期间 可能发生检测但不会中毒，随后在相对长的时间内使传感器停用，故障检测电路在电路故障或即将发生电源故障的情况下产生故障信号，以及用于响应故障提供差分警告的报警电路 信号和响应 输出信号。
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公开(公告)号：US4776203A
公开(公告)日：1988-10-11
申请号：US919270
申请日：1986-10-16
IPC分类号： G01N27/12 , G01N27/04 , G01N27/416 , G01N27/49 , G01N31/00
CPC分类号： G01N27/4141
摘要： Circuits are described in which the sensing and the reference electrodes of a gas sensor housed within a gas monitor are connected together through the source and the drain of a field effect transistor (FET). The gate of the FET is connected to a power source to apply a first voltage to the gate when the monitor is operational and a second voltage, which is preferably zero, when the monitor is not operational, the resistance between the source and the drain of the FET being low when the second voltage is applied to the FET gate so that the sensing and reference electrodes are connected together in a short circuit. When the first voltage is applied to the FET gate, however, the short circuit is effectively broken. The circuit has output lines leading to an output device, e.g. for displaying information or an alarm. A resistor of large resistance is connected between the two output lines and, when a gas is sensed a large voltage change occurs across the resistor which can be used directly, i.e. without an intervening amplifier, for driving the output device. A further, small resistor is connected between the reference electrode and the sensing electrode to provide noise immunity to the circuit.
摘要翻译： 描述了电路，其中容纳在气体监测器内的气体传感器的感测和参考电极通过场效应晶体管（FET）的源极和漏极连接在一起。 当监视器工作时，FET的栅极连接到电源以向栅极施加第一电压，当监视器不工作时，优选为零的第二电压，源极和漏极之间的电阻 当第二电压施加到FET栅极时，FET为低电平，使得感测和参考电极在短路中连接在一起。 然而，当第一电压施加到FET栅极时，短路被有效地破坏。 电路具有通向输出装置的输出线，例如。 用于显示信息或报警。 在两条输出线之间连接一个较大电阻的电阻，当检测到气体时，可以直接使用可以直接使用的电阻器（即没有中间放大器），产生大的电压变化，用于驱动输出装置。 在参考电极和感测电极之间连接一个较小的电阻器，以提供电路的抗噪声能力。
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公开(公告)号：US4810352A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-07
申请号：US44142
申请日：1987-04-30
IPC分类号： G01N27/404 , G01N27/49 , G01N27/46
CPC分类号： G01N27/404
摘要： An electrochemical gas sensor for detecting the amount of a gas or vapor in an atmosphere is described having a sensing electrode and a barrier limiting the rate of access of the gas or vapor to the sensing electrode, the barrier being made of ceramics material and having an inwardly-tapering shape.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于检测大气中的气体或蒸气量的电化学气体传感器，其具有感测电极和限制气体或蒸气到感测电极的通路速率的屏障，阻挡层由陶瓷材料制成并具有 向内渐缩的形状。
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