公开(公告)号：US08248602B2

公开(公告)日：2012-08-21

申请号：US13084211

申请日：2011-04-11

申请人： Andrzej Miziolek ,  Philip C. Efthimion

发明人： Andrzej Miziolek ,  Philip C. Efthimion

IPC分类号： G01J3/30

CPC分类号： G01N21/718

摘要： The present invention has a laser and a second energy source act in combination to produce a plasma that emits characteristic radiation for a prolonged period of time. The laser energy is directed to a sample for a period of time to ignite a plasma containing the sample material and to either ablate or vaporize the sample. Energy from a second energy source is supplied to the plasma for a second period of time so that the characteristic radiation emitted by the plasma is maintained. The emitted radiation is used to identify chemical elements contained in the sample. The second period of time is typically larger than the first period of time and may be as long as many milliseconds. Supplying energy for this longer period of time allows the plasma to grow in size and contributes to the large enhancement in the detection sensitivity of the present invention.

摘要翻译： 本发明具有激光和第二能量源组合起来产生等离子体，该等离子体在长时间内发射特征辐射。 激光能量被引导到样品一段时间以点燃含有样品材料的等离子体，并且将样品烧蚀或蒸发。 来自第二能量源的能量被提供给等离子体第二时间段，使得维持由等离子体发射的特征辐射。 发射的辐射用于识别样品中包含的化学元素。 第二时间段通常大于第一时间段，并且可以长达多毫秒。 在较长时间内供能使得等离子体的尺寸增长，并且有助于本发明的检测灵敏度的大幅提高。

公开(公告)号：US4985219A

公开(公告)日：1991-01-15

申请号：US480083

申请日：1990-02-14

申请人： Dennis J. Helfritch ,  Philip C. Efthimion

发明人： Dennis J. Helfritch ,  Philip C. Efthimion

IPC分类号： B01D53/56 ,  F23J15/00

CPC分类号： B01D53/56 ,  F23J2215/10 ,  F23J2219/201

摘要： A method for the removal of nitrogen oxides from waste gases by contacting the waste gas with the products of the pyrolytic decomposition of methane containing CH and CH.sub.2 radicals to reduce the nitrogen oxides to nitrogen.

摘要翻译： 通过使废气与包含CH和CH 2自由基的甲烷的热分解产物接触，将氮氧化物还原成氮，从废气中除去氮氧化物的方法。

公开(公告)号：US4883570A

公开(公告)日：1989-11-28

申请号：US60048

申请日：1987-06-08

申请人： Philip C. Efthimion ,  Dennis J. Helfritch

发明人： Philip C. Efthimion ,  Dennis J. Helfritch

IPC分类号： B01D53/32 ,  B01D53/34 ,  B01D53/60 ,  B01D53/70 ,  B01J19/12 ,  H05H1/46

CPC分类号： H01J37/32192 ,  B01D53/32 ,  B01D53/34 ,  B01D53/60 ,  B01D53/70 ,  B01J19/123 ,  B01J19/126 ,  H05H1/46 ,  B01J2219/0894 ,  H01J2237/338

摘要： An apparatus and method for creating high temperature plasmas for enhanced chemical processing of gaseous fluids, toxic chemicals, and the like, at a wide range of pressures, especially at atmospheric and high pressures includes an electro-magnetic resonator cavity, preferably a reentrant cavity, and a wave guiding structure which connects an electro-magnetic source to the cavity. The cavity includes an intake port and an exhaust port, each having apertures in the conductive walls of the cavity sufficient for the intake of the gaseous fluids and for the discharge of the processed gaseous fluids. The apertures are sufficiently small to prevent the leakage of the electro-magnetic radiation from the cavity. Gaseous fluid flowing from the direction of the electro-magnetic source through the guiding wave structure and into the cavity acts on the plasma to push it away from the guiding wave structure and the electro-magnetic source. The gaseous fluid flow confines the high temperature plasma inside the cavity and allows complete chemical processing of the gaseous fluids at a wide range of pressures.

公开(公告)号：US4331936A

公开(公告)日：1982-05-25

申请号：US92801

申请日：1979-11-09

申请人： S. Perry Schlesinger ,  Thomas C. Marshall ,  David B. McDermott ,  Victor L. Granatstein ,  Robert K. Parker ,  Phillip A. Sprangle ,  Philip C. Efthimion

发明人： S. Perry Schlesinger ,  Thomas C. Marshall ,  David B. McDermott ,  Victor L. Granatstein ,  Robert K. Parker ,  Phillip A. Sprangle ,  Philip C. Efthimion

IPC分类号： H01S3/09

CPC分类号： H01S3/0903

摘要： The generation of very high power pulses of coherent electromagnetic radiation that are continuously tunable in frequency is accomplished by means of a free electron laser in which a hollow relativistic electron beam is projected along the longitudinal axis of an evacuated drift tube. A first magnetic field expands the electron beam into an annular peripheral interaction region of the drift tube where the beam interacts with a second periodic radial magnetic field. Frequency is varied by changing the electron velocity of the electron beam or by changing the periodicity of the radial magnetic field. The device can be made to operate as an oscillator by the inclusion of resonant cavity defining mirrors within the interaction region, or as an amplifier by injecting a coherent radiation signal into the interaction region. Both oscillator and amplifier functions can be incorporated into a single device. Linewidth is narrowed by utilizing a Smith-Fox interferometer to couple the generated coherent radiation into an output light pipe.

摘要翻译： 通过自由电子激光器实现在频率上连续可调谐的相干电磁辐射的非常高功率脉冲的产生，其中空心相对论电子束沿抽真空漂移管的纵向轴线投射。 第一磁场将电子束扩展到漂移管的环形外围相互作用区域，其中光束与第二周期性径向磁场相互作用。 通过改变电子束的电子速度或通过改变径向磁场的周期来改变频率。 该器件可以通过在相互作用区域中包含限定反射镜的谐振腔，或者通过将相干辐射信号注入到相互作用区域中而作为放大器而作为振荡器来操作。 振荡器和放大器功能都可以并入单个器件。 利用Smith-Fox干涉仪将所产生的相干辐射耦合到输出光管中，使线宽变窄。

公开(公告)号：US20120008139A1

公开(公告)日：2012-01-12

申请号：US13084211

申请日：2011-04-11

申请人： Andrzej Miziolek ,  Philip C. Efthimion

发明人： Andrzej Miziolek ,  Philip C. Efthimion

IPC分类号： G01J3/443

CPC分类号： G01N21/718

摘要： The present invention has a laser and a second energy source act in combination to produce a plasma that emits characteristic radiation for a prolonged period of time. The laser energy is directed to a sample for a period of time to ignite a plasma containing the sample material and to either ablate or vaporize the sample. Energy from a second energy source is supplied to the plasma for a second period of time so that the characteristic radiation emitted by the plasma is maintained. The emitted radiation is used to identify chemical elements contained in the sample. The second period of time is typically larger than the first period of time and may be as long as many milliseconds.Supplying energy for this longer period of time allows the plasma to grow in size and contributes to the large enhancement in the detection sensitivity of the present invention.

摘要翻译： 本发明具有激光和第二能量源组合起来产生等离子体，该等离子体在长时间内发射特征辐射。 激光能量被引导到样品一段时间以点燃含有样品材料的等离子体，并且将样品烧蚀或蒸发。 来自第二能量源的能量被提供给等离子体第二时间段，使得维持由等离子体发射的特征辐射。 发射的辐射用于识别样品中包含的化学元素。 第二时间段通常大于第一时间段，并且可以长达多毫秒。 在较长时间内供能使得等离子体的尺寸增长，并且有助于本发明的检测灵敏度的大幅提高。