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    Fused silica having low OH, OD levels and method of making
    2.
    发明授权
    Fused silica having low OH, OD levels and method of making 有权
    熔融二氧化硅具有低OH，OD水平和制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US08062986B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-11-22

    申请号：US11881599

    申请日：2007-07-27

    申请人： Rostislav Radievich Khrapko ,  Nicolas LeBlond ,  James Edward Tingley

    发明人： Rostislav Radievich Khrapko ,  Nicolas LeBlond ,  James Edward Tingley

    IPC分类号： C03C3/06 ,  C03B19/06 ,  C03B19/00

    CPC分类号： C03B19/1453 ,  C03B2201/22 ,  C03C3/06 ,  C03C2201/22 ,  C03C2201/23

    摘要： A fused silica article having a combined concentration of hydroxyl (OH) and deuteroxyl (OD) concentration of less than 10 parts per million (ppm) and, in one embodiment, less than 1 ppm. The fused silica article is formed by drying a soot blank in a halogen-free atmosphere comprising carbon monoxide. The dried soot blank may optionally be doped to reach target levels of OH and OD concentrations and improve homogeneity within the fused silica article. The dried soot blank is then oxidized and, sintered to form the article. A method of reducing the combined concentration of OH and OD to less than 10 ppm is also described.

    摘要翻译： 具有小于10ppm（ppm）的羟基（OH）和氘氧化（OD）浓度的组合浓度的熔融二氧化硅制品，在一个实施方案中小于1ppm。 熔融二氧化硅制品通过在包含一氧化碳的无卤素气氛中干燥烟炱坯料而形成。 干燥的烟炱坯料可以任选地被掺杂以达到OH和OD浓度的目标水平并且改善熔融二氧化硅制品内的均匀性。 然后将干燥的烟灰坯料氧化并烧结以形成制品。 还描述了将OH和OD的组合浓度降低至小于10ppm的方法。

    Mode field diameter conversion fiber, method for locally changing a refractive index of optical waveguides and method for fabricating optical waveguide preforms
    4.
    发明授权
    Mode field diameter conversion fiber, method for locally changing a refractive index of optical waveguides and method for fabricating optical waveguide preforms 失效
    模场直径转换光纤，局部改变光波导的折射率的方法和制造光波导预制棒的方法

    公开(公告)号：US6125225A

    公开(公告)日：2000-09-26

    申请号：US101425

    申请日：1998-07-09

    申请人： Evgeny Mikhailovich Dianov ,  Konstantin Mikhailovich Golant ,  Vladimir Ivanovich Karpov ,  Vladimir Nikolaevich Protopopov ,  Mikhail Vladimirovich Grekov ,  Rostislav Radievich Khrapko

    发明人： Evgeny Mikhailovich Dianov ,  Konstantin Mikhailovich Golant ,  Vladimir Ivanovich Karpov ,  Vladimir Nikolaevich Protopopov ,  Mikhail Vladimirovich Grekov ,  Rostislav Radievich Khrapko

    IPC分类号： G02B6/26 ,  C03B37/018 ,  C03B37/10 ,  G02B6/00 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/14 ,  G02B6/255 ,  G02B6/18

    CPC分类号： G02B6/02147 ,  G02B6/2552 ,  G02B6/02095

    摘要： The invention relates to fiber optics and can be employed in fiber radiation collimators, optical waveguide couplers, spectral filters, optical isolators, long-period gratings, dispersion compensators, cascade mode field diameter conversion fibers on simulated Raman effect, physical value sensors, radiation suppression units for predetermined wavelengths, and for smoothing the gain spectrum in erbium fiber amplifiers. The invention facilitates fabrication of optical waveguides and apparatuses based on them. To produce preforms for optical waveguides (1) by a plasma chemical vapor deposition method, molecular gaseous agents, fed to a substrate tube (24), are mixed so that less than five atoms of oxygen fall on every atom of silicon and more than one atom of nitrogen falls on every 1000 atoms of oxygen. The refractive index is locally changed by heating a length of an optical waveguide (1). This causes a local thermal diffusion of elements contained in a core (3) into a cladding (2), or vice versa. The length of the optical waveguide (1) is heated by current of an electric arc (10) or by radiation (16) of an infrared laser (15). The core (3) is doped with nitrogen at concentration from 0.01 at. % to 5 at. %. In the mode field diameter conversion fiber, a diameter of the core (3) changes along the length of the optical waveguide (1), increasing towards its end (4).

    摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / RU97 / 00278 Sec。 371日期：1998年7月9日 102（e）日期1998年7月9日PCT 1997年9月3日PCT公布。 公开号WO98 / 28643 日期1998年7月2日本发明涉及光纤，可用于模拟拉曼效应的光纤辐射准直仪，光波导耦合器，光谱滤波器，光隔离器，长周期光栅，色散补偿器，级联模场场直径转换光纤，物理 值传感器，用于预定波长的辐射抑制单元，以及用于平滑铒光纤放大器中的增益谱。 本发明有助于基于它们制造光波导和装置。 为了通过等离子体化学气相沉积法制造光波导（1）的预成型件，将馈入基底管（24）的分子气体试剂混合，使得少于5个氧原子落在硅原子上，并且多于一个 氮原子落在每1000个氧原子上。 通过加热光波导（1）的长度来局部地改变折射率。 这导致包含在芯（3）中的元件的局部热扩散进入包层（2），反之亦然。 光波导（1）的长度由电弧（10）的电流或红外激光（15）的辐射（16）加热。 核（3）掺杂浓度为0.01at。 ％至5 at。 ％。 在模场直径转换光纤中，芯（3）的直径沿着光波导（1）的长度改变，朝向其端部（4）增加。

    Fused silica having low OH, OD levels and method of making
    5.
    发明申请
    Fused silica having low OH, OD levels and method of making 有权
    熔融二氧化硅具有低OH，OD水平和制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US20090029842A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-01-29

    申请号：US11881599

    申请日：2007-07-27

    申请人： Rostislav Radievich Khrapko ,  Nicolas LeBlond ,  James Edward Tingley

    发明人： Rostislav Radievich Khrapko ,  Nicolas LeBlond ,  James Edward Tingley

    IPC分类号： C03C3/04 ,  C03B19/00

    CPC分类号： C03B19/1453 ,  C03B2201/22 ,  C03C3/06 ,  C03C2201/22 ,  C03C2201/23

    摘要： A fused silica article having a combined concentration of hydroxyl (OH) and deuteroxyl (OD) concentration of less than 10 parts per million (ppm) and, in one embodiment, less than 1 ppm. The fused silica article is formed by drying a soot blank in a halogen-free atmosphere comprising carbon monoxide. The dried soot blank may optionally be doped to reach target levels of OH and OD concentrations and improve homogeneity within the fused silica article. The dried soot blank is then oxidized and, sintered to form the article. A method of reducing the combined concentration of OH and OD to less than 10 ppm is also described.

    摘要翻译： 具有小于10ppm（ppm）的羟基（OH）和氘氧化（OD）浓度的组合浓度的熔融二氧化硅制品，在一个实施方案中小于1ppm。 熔融二氧化硅制品通过在包含一氧化碳的无卤素气氛中干燥烟炱坯料而形成。 干燥的烟炱坯料可以任选地被掺杂以达到OH和OD浓度的目标水平并且改善熔融二氧化硅制品内的均匀性。 然后将干燥的烟灰坯料氧化并烧结以形成制品。 还描述了将OH和OD的组合浓度降低至小于10ppm的方法。

    Optical fiber containing alkali metal oxide
    6.
    发明申请
    Optical fiber containing alkali metal oxide 有权
    含有碱金属氧化物的光纤

    公开(公告)号：US20070297735A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-12-27

    申请号：US11801472

    申请日：2007-05-10

    申请人： Rostislav Radievich Khrapko ,  Hazel B. Matthews

    发明人： Rostislav Radievich Khrapko ,  Hazel B. Matthews

    IPC分类号： G02B6/036 ,  G02B6/02

    CPC分类号： G02B6/02 ,  C03B37/01446 ,  C03B37/01453 ,  C03B37/01807 ,  C03B2201/12 ,  C03B2201/20 ,  C03B2201/50 ,  C03B2203/26 ,  C03B2203/29 ,  C03C3/06 ,  C03C2201/11 ,  C03C2201/12 ,  C03C2201/50 ,  G02B6/02014 ,  G02B6/02266

    摘要： Disclosed is an optical fiber having a silica-based core comprising an alkali metal oxide selected from the group consisting of K2O, Na2O, LiO2, Rb2O, Cs2O and mixtures thereof in an average concentration in said core between about 50 and 500 ppm by weight, said core further comprising chlorine and fluorine, wherein the average concentration of fluorine in said core is greater than the average concentration of alkali metal oxide in said core and the average concentration of chlorine in said core is greater than the average concentration of alkali metal oxide in said core; and a silica-based cladding surrounding and directly adjacent the core. By appropriately selecting the concentration of alkali metal oxide dopant in the core and the cladding, a low loss optical fiber may be obtained.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种光纤，其具有二氧化硅基核，其包含选自K 2 O 2，Na 2 O，LiO 2 O 2的碱金属氧化物， 其中所述核心中的平均浓度为约50-500ppm（重量），所述核心还包含氯和/或 氟，其中所述芯中的氟的平均浓度大于所述芯中的碱金属氧化物的平均浓度，并且所述芯中的平均氯浓度大于所述芯中碱金属氧化物的平均浓度; 以及围绕并直接邻近芯的二氧化硅基包层。 通过适当地选择芯和包层中的碱金属氧化物掺杂剂的浓度，可以获得低损耗光纤。

    Large effective area fiber with graded index GE-free core
    7.
    发明授权
    Large effective area fiber with graded index GE-free core 有权

    公开(公告)号：US07929818B1

    公开(公告)日：2011-04-19

    申请号：US12827333

    申请日：2010-06-30

    申请人： Scott Robertson Bickham ,  Rostislav Radievich Khrapko ,  Snigdharaj Kumar Mishra

    发明人： Scott Robertson Bickham ,  Rostislav Radievich Khrapko ,  Snigdharaj Kumar Mishra

    IPC分类号： G02B6/028

    CPC分类号： G02B6/0365 ,  G02B6/02019 ,  G02B6/02266 ,  G02B6/02395 ,  G02B6/0286

    摘要： According to some embodiments an optical waveguide fiber comprises (i) a Ge free core having an effective area of 100 μm2to 150 μm2, at 1550 nm wavelength, said core comprising: a) a central core region extending radially outwardly from a centerline to a radius r1, and having a relative refractive index percent profile Δ1(r) in % measured relative to pure silica, wherein −0.1%≦Δ1(r)≦0.12%, wherein the central core region has a maximum relative refractive index percent, Δ1MAX; (b) a first annular core region surrounding and directly adjacent to the central core region, having an α value 1.5≦α≦10, and extending to an outer radius r2, wherein 6 μm≦r2≦10 μm, and having a relative refractive index percent profile, Δ2(r) in % measured relative to pure silica, a minimum relative refractive index Δ2MIN, a maximum relative refractive index Δ2MAX and the relative refractive index measured at a radius r=2 μm, wherein 0.45≦Δ2≦0; −0.25≧Δ2MIN≧−0.45 and Δ1MAX≧Δ2(r=2 μm); (c) a fluorine doped second annular region surrounding and directly adjacent to the first annular core region and extending to a radius 20 μm≦r3≦30 μm and having a negative relative refractive index percent profile, Δ3(r) in %, measured relative to pure silica, with a minimum relative refractive index percent Δ3MIN and −0.5%

    Optical fiber containing alkali metal oxide
    8.
    发明授权
    Optical fiber containing alkali metal oxide 有权
    含有碱金属氧化物的光纤

    公开(公告)号：US07536076B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-05-19

    申请号：US11801472

    申请日：2007-05-10

    申请人： Rostislav Radievich Khrapko ,  Hazel B Matthews, III

    发明人： Rostislav Radievich Khrapko ,  Hazel B Matthews, III

    IPC分类号： G02B6/00

    CPC分类号： G02B6/02 ,  C03B37/01446 ,  C03B37/01453 ,  C03B37/01807 ,  C03B2201/12 ,  C03B2201/20 ,  C03B2201/50 ,  C03B2203/26 ,  C03B2203/29 ,  C03C3/06 ,  C03C2201/11 ,  C03C2201/12 ,  C03C2201/50 ,  G02B6/02014 ,  G02B6/02266

    摘要： Disclosed is an optical fiber having a silica-based core comprising an alkali metal oxide selected from the group consisting of K2O, Na2O, LiO2, Rb2O, Cs2O and mixtures thereof in an average concentration in said core between about 50 and 500 ppm by weight, said core further comprising chlorine and fluorine, wherein the average concentration of fluorine in said core is greater than the average concentration of alkali metal oxide in said core and the average concentration of chlorine in said core is greater than the average concentration of alkali metal oxide in said core; and a silica-based cladding surrounding and directly adjacent the core. By appropriately selecting the concentration of alkali metal oxide dopant in the core and the cladding, a low loss optical fiber may be obtained.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种光纤，其具有二氧化硅基核，其包含选自K2O，Na2O，LiO2，Rb2O，Cs2O及其混合物的碱金属氧化物，其中所述芯中的平均浓度为约50至500重量ppm， 所述芯还包含氯和氟，其中所述芯中的氟的平均浓度大于所述芯中的碱金属氧化物的平均浓度，并且所述芯中的平均氯浓度大于碱金属氧化物的平均浓度 说核心; 以及围绕并直接邻近芯的二氧化硅基包层。 通过适当地选择芯和包层中的碱金属氧化物掺杂剂的浓度，可以获得低损耗光纤。