公开(公告)号：US4211539A

公开(公告)日：1980-07-08

申请号：US923508

申请日：1978-07-10

Applicant: Herbert Bierbach ,  Rudolf Kohlen ,  Carl Hafke

Inventor： Herbert Bierbach ,  Rudolf Kohlen ,  Carl Hafke

IPC: C10J3/84 ,  C10K1/18 ,  C10J3/16

CPC classification number: C10K1/18 ,  C10J3/20 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1671 ,  C10J2300/1675 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892

Abstract: A process of producing a gas of high calorific value and low dust content comprising contacting coal with water vapor and free oxygen at a pressure of about 5 to 150 bars and a temperature sufficient to produce a gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, containing at least about 10 grams of dust per standard cubic meter and having a temperature of about 350.degree. to 800.degree. C., subjecting the gas to a coarse purification to reduce the solids content thereof, then scrubbing the gas at about 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. with a liquid predominantly comprising hydrocarbons and including less than about 5% of water by weight, and withdrawing a purified gas substantially free of solids and having an enhanced calorific value. In accordance with preferred features, the coarse purification stage includes at least one cyclone separator, the gas leaves the coarse purification stage at a temperature above about 350.degree. C. and is cooled by spraying with water to below 350.degree. C. before entering the intense scrubbing stage.

Abstract translation: 一种产生高热值和低灰尘含量的气体的方法，包括使煤与水蒸气和游离氧在约5至150巴的压力下接触，并且具有足以产生含有氢和一氧化碳的气体的温度，其含有至少约 每标准立方米10克灰尘，温度约350-800℃，对气体进行粗提纯以降低其固体含量，然后在约200℃至300℃下用气体洗涤，用 主要包含烃并且包含小于约5重量％的水的液体，以及抽出基本上不含固体并且具有增强的热值的净化气体。 根据优选特征，粗纯化阶段包括至少一个旋风分离器，气体在高于约350℃的温度下离开粗提纯阶段，并通过在水中进行喷雾冷却至低于350℃，然后进入强烈的 擦洗阶段

公开(公告)号：US4089659A

公开(公告)日：1978-05-16

申请号：US771724

申请日：1977-02-24

Applicant: Gerhard Baron ,  Paul Rudolph ,  Rudolf Kohlen ,  Carl Hafke

Inventor： Gerhard Baron ,  Paul Rudolph ,  Rudolf Kohlen ,  Carl Hafke

IPC: C10J3/16 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J1/06

CPC classification number: C10J3/16 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892

Abstract: A process for producing lean gases in which solid fuels are gasified under superatmospheric pressure by a treatment with free oxygen-containing gases, water vapor, and other gasifying agents. In the process, fuel and gasifying agent are caused to flow in opposite directions, about 1.5 to 3.5 kg of water vapor are added per standard m.sup.3 of free oxygen in the gasifying agent, about 70% of the lump coal to be gasified has a particle size from above 2 mm to about 30 mm and the remaining coal has a particle size below about 2 mm. The ballast content, consisting of water and ash, amounts to at least about 15% by weight, most of the mineral constituents have a particle size of about 2 to 30 mm and the ash which becomes available in the gasification process is withdrawn from the reactor shaft at temperatures above about 250.degree. C. Raw gas is withdrawn at temperatures above about 350.degree. C, coal is reacted in a water-cooled, double-walled reactor chamber and the resulting jacket steam is used to cool the grate and as a reactant. The rate at which steam consisting of extraneous steam and jacket steam is added to the gasifying agent is so adjusted in the above-mentioned range of about 1.5 to 3.5 kg per standard m.sup.3 of oxygen, that the nitrogen content of the dry raw product gas does not exceed about 50% by volume.

Abstract translation: 一种生产贫气的方法，其中固体燃料通过用游离的含氧气体，水蒸气和其它气化剂的处理在超大气压下气化。 在此过程中，使燃料和气化剂沿相反的方向流动，气化剂中每标准立方米游离氧含有约1.5至3.5公斤水蒸汽，约70％待气化的块煤具有颗粒 尺寸从2mm到大约30mm，剩余的煤的粒度小于约2mm。 由水和灰组成的压载物含量至少为约15重量％，矿物成分的大部分具有约2至30毫米的粒度，并且在气化过程中变得可用的灰分从反应器中排出 在高于约250℃的温度下将原料气在高于约350℃的温度下排出，煤在水冷却的双壁反应器室中反应，所得夹套蒸汽用于冷却炉排和作为反应物 。 将由外来蒸汽和夹套蒸汽组成的蒸汽加入到气化剂中的速率在上述约1.5至3.5kg /标准立方米氧气的范围内进行调节，干燥原料气体的氮含量 不超过约50％。

公开(公告)号：US4040800A

公开(公告)日：1977-08-09

申请号：US715077

申请日：1976-08-17

Applicant: Paul Rudolph ,  Herbert Bierbach ,  Hans Kupfer ,  Carl Hafke ,  Rudolf Kohlen

Inventor： Paul Rudolph ,  Herbert Bierbach ,  Hans Kupfer ,  Carl Hafke ,  Rudolf Kohlen

IPC: C10J3/32 ,  C10J3/30

CPC classification number: C10J3/32 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976

Abstract: An apparatus for gasifying solid fuels such as coal, in a packed bed by a treatment with a gasifying agent such as free oxygen-containing gas and water vapor under pressure, comprising a water-cooled reactor housing provided in its lower portion with gasifying agent inlet openings, a fuel distributor mounted on a vertical axis, a stirrer on a shaft disposed in the fuel bed in the upper portion of the reactor, and independent first and second drive means for independently rotating the fuel distributor and stirrer. Advantageously the distributor includes a hollow bearing shaft coaxial with the shaft of the stirrer and the stirrer shaft also has a bearing, a common bearing support cooperating with both of the bearings.

Abstract translation: 一种用于在固体燃料例如煤中气化固体燃料的装置，在填充床中通过用气态化合物如游离含氧气体和水蒸气在压力下进行处理，包括在其下部设置有气化剂入口的水冷式反应器壳体 开口，安装在垂直轴上的燃料分配器，设置在反应器上部的燃料床中的轴上的搅拌器，以及用于独立地旋转燃料分配器和搅拌器的独立的第一和第二驱动装置。 有利地，分配器包括与搅拌器的轴同轴的中空轴承轴，并且搅拌器轴还具有轴承，与两个轴承配合的公共轴承支撑件。

公开(公告)号：US4187080A

公开(公告)日：1980-02-05

申请号：US840433

申请日：1977-10-07

Applicant: Carl Hafke ,  Roland Weber ,  Rudolf Kohlen

Inventor： Carl Hafke ,  Roland Weber ,  Rudolf Kohlen

IPC: C10J3/84 ,  C10J3/16

CPC classification number: C10J3/84 ,  C10J3/20 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892

Abstract: In the production of gas from a solid fuel comprising effecting gasification by contacting the solid fuel with oxygen and water under pressure to form raw gas containing tar, solids and water, cooling the raw gas to effect condensation of the tar and water, the condensate containing the solids, separating from the solids-containing condensate a fraction enriched in solids, and disposing of said fraction, the improvement which comprises effecting said disposition by feeding at least part of said fraction to a solids disintegrator wherein the solids are reduced in size, and recycling at least part of the condensate containing disintegrated solids to the gasification step. Disintegration serves to reduce substantially all the particles to below about 2 mm with the predominant part below about 0.5 mm. Part of the condensate may also be recycled to the separation stage and all the recycled condensate is kept above 50.degree. C. to prevent solidification of tars. The process permits continuous operation of a gasification plant without clogging of pipes and pumps such as otherwise necessitate equipment shutdown for cleaning.

Abstract translation: 在固体燃料生产气体中，包括通过使固体燃料与氧气和水在压力下接触以形成含有焦油，固体和水的原料气体来进行气化，冷却原料气体以使焦油和水冷凝，含有 固体，从含固体的冷凝物中分离出富含固体的馏分，以及处理所述馏分，其改进包括通过将至少部分所述馏分进料至固体粉碎机来实现所述处置，其中固体颗粒尺寸减小;以及 将至少部分含有分解固体的冷凝物回收至气化步骤。 崩解用于将基本上所有的颗粒减少到低于约2mm，主要部分低于约0.5mm。 一部分冷凝物也可以再循环到分离阶段，所有的再循环冷凝物保持在50℃以上以防止焦油凝固。 该过程允许气化设备的连续操作而不堵塞管道和泵，否则需要设备关闭以进行清洁。

公开(公告)号：US4088455A

公开(公告)日：1978-05-09

申请号：US771122

申请日：1977-02-22

Applicant: Rudolf Kohlen ,  Gerhard Baron ,  Herbert Bierbach ,  Carl Hafke

Inventor： Rudolf Kohlen ,  Gerhard Baron ,  Herbert Bierbach ,  Carl Hafke

IPC: C10J3/16 ,  C10J3/42

CPC classification number: C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/16 ,  C10J3/20 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/0976

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the continuous gasification of fuels, which are mainly in lump form. The fuels are subjected to a superatmospheric pressure in a fixed bed treatment with a gasifying agent consisting of gases which contain free oxygen and water vapor and/or carbon dioxide in a water-cooled reactor housing. The housing contains a substantially conical rotary grate, which is rotatably mounted in the lower portion of the reactor housing and serves to discharge the gasifying agent into the reactor shaft and permits the removal of gasification residue from the shaft. The gasifying agent is positively distributed in correspondence with the quantity of fuel, which increases in the radial direction of the shaft resulting in an approximately uniform time of contact between the gas and fuel across the entire shaft area.

Abstract translation: 用于燃料连续气化的方法和装置，其主要是块状。 在由水冷反应器壳体中含有游离氧和水蒸汽和/或二氧化碳的气体组成的气化剂的固定床处理中，燃料经受超大气压。 壳体包含基本上圆锥形的旋转炉排，其可旋转地安装在反应器壳体的下部，并用于将气化剂排放到反应器轴中并允许从轴上除去气化残渣。 气化剂与燃料的数量成正比地分布，燃料的数量在轴的径向方向上增加，导致气体和燃料跨越整个轴区域大致均匀的接触时间。

公开(公告)号：US4071332A

公开(公告)日：1978-01-31

申请号：US715075

申请日：1976-08-17

Applicant: Carl Hafke ,  Rudolf Kohlen

Inventor： Carl Hafke ,  Rudolf Kohlen

IPC: C10J3/02 ,  C10J3/16 ,  C10J3/76

CPC classification number: C10J3/16 ,  C10J3/02 ,  C10J3/20 ,  C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976

Abstract: In a process of gasifying solid fuel such as coal comprising the steps of contacting the solid fuel under a pressure of at least about 5 bars in a reaction chamber surrounded by a water-cooled zone, the reaction heat evaporating water in said zone, transferring the water vapor from said zone to the reaction chamber, removing product gas from the reaction chamber, scrubbing and cooling said product gas in a scrubber-cooler, and periodically interrupting normal gasification, the improvement which comprises discontinuing the transfer of water vapor to the reaction chamber during such periods of other than normal gasification and instead transferring the water vapor to said scrubber-cooler, whereby generation of product gas will be discontinued during such periods. Hot steam may be supplied to the water-cooled zone during said periods of interruption to delay a drop in the temperature of the fuel in the reactor chamber so that upon resumption of normal operation the initially produced gas wll be of substantially normal composition.

Abstract translation: 在气化固体燃料如煤的过程中，包括以下步骤：在由水冷却区围绕的反应室内，在至少约5巴的压力下使固体燃料接触，反应热蒸发所述区域的水，将 从所述区域到反应室的水蒸汽，从反应室中除去产物气体，在洗涤器 - 冷却器中洗涤和冷却所述产物气体，并周期性地中断正常气化，其改进包括停止将水蒸汽转移到反应室 在正常气化之外的这种时段期间，而是将水蒸汽转移到所述洗涤器 - 冷却器，由此在这样的时间段期间停止产生产物气体。 在所述中断期间，可以向水冷区供应热蒸汽以延迟反应室中燃料的温度下降，使得在恢复正常运行时，初始产生的气体将具有基本正常的组成。