Abstract:
A fuel cell stack includes: a plurality of membrane-electrode assemblies; first and second end plates respectively positioned outside outermost ones of the membrane-electrode assemblies; and a plurality of separators respectively positioned between the membrane-electrode assemblies and between the outermost ones of the membrane-electrode assemblies and the first and second end plates. The first end plate includes an oxidizing agent inlet, an oxidizing agent outlet, and a moisture supplying flow path connecting the oxidizing agent inlet and the oxidizing agent outlet. The moisture supplying flow path includes a first end portion adjacent to the oxidizing agent outlet and a second end portion adjacent to the oxidizing agent inlet, the first end portion being larger than the second end portion and being a different distance away from a surface of the first end plate facing away from the second end plate than the second end portion.
Abstract:
An electrolyte for a rechargeable lithium battery and rechargeable lithium battery including the same is provided. The electrolyte includes a film-forming compound; a lithium salt; and an organic solvent.
Abstract:
An electrode for a fuel cell is disclosed. The electrode may include an electrode substrate with a conductive substrate, carbon particles, and a catalyst layer disposed on the electrode substrate. The electrode substrate may include a pore having an average diameter of about 20 μm to about 40 μm and porosity of about 30 volume % to about 80 volume % based on the total volume of the electrode substrate. A membrane-electrode assembly including the electrode and a fuel cell system including the membrane electrode assembly are also disclosed.
Abstract:
An alignment mark and an exposure alignment system and method using the alignment mark for aligning wafers are described. The alignment mark is formed of a plurality of mesa or trench type unit marks that are aligned in an inline pattern within an underlying layer under a layer to which a chemical mechanical polishing process is applied to form an alignment signal during an alignment process, thereby preventing a dishing phenomenon caused by the chemical mechanical process.