公开(公告)号：US08288927B2

公开(公告)日：2012-10-16

申请号：US12855229

申请日：2010-08-12

申请人： Shuwei Ma ,  James D. Lykowski

发明人： Shuwei Ma ,  James D. Lykowski

IPC分类号： F02M57/06 ,  H01T13/20

CPC分类号： H01T13/38 ,  H01T13/32 ,  H01T13/39 ,  H01T21/02

摘要： A spark plug (20) includes a center electrode (24) and a ground electrode (22). The electrodes (22, 24) include a core (26) formed of a copper (Cu) alloy and a clad (28) formed of a nickel (Ni) alloy enrobing the core (26). The Cu alloy includes Cu in an amount of at least 98.5 weight percent, and at least one of Zr and Cr in an amount of at least 0.05 weight percent. The Cu alloy includes a matrix of the Cu and precipitates of the Zr and Cu dispersed in the Cu matrix. The Ni alloy of the clad (28) includes Ni in an amount of at least 90.0 weight percent. The Ni alloy also includes at least one of a Group 3 element, a Group 4 element, a Group 13 element, chromium (Cr), silicon (Si), and manganese (Mn) in a total amount sufficient to affect the strength of the Ni alloy.

摘要翻译： 火花塞（20）包括中心电极（24）和接地电极（22）。 电极（22,24）包括由铜（Cu）合金形成的芯（26）和由包含芯（26）的镍（Ni）合金形成的包层（28）。 Cu合金包含至少98.5重量％的Cu，至少0.05重量％的Zr和Cr中的至少一种。 Cu合金包括Cu基体和分散在Cu基体中的Zr和Cu的析出物。 包层（28）的Ni合金包含至少90.0重量％的Ni。 Ni合金还包括足以影响强度的总量的第3族元素，第4族元素，第13族元素，铬（Cr），硅（Si）和锰（Mn）中的至少一种 镍合金。

公开(公告)号：US20100201245A1

公开(公告)日：2010-08-12

申请号：US12581539

申请日：2009-10-19

申请人： Kevin L. Miller ,  Richard L. Keller ,  William J. Walker, JR. ,  James D. Lykowski ,  Shuwei Ma ,  Matthew C. Ware ,  John W. Hoffman ,  Mark S. McMurray ,  Brian A. Bolduc ,  David Walker ,  Myron J. Schmenk ,  James L. May ,  Kevin J. Kowalski

发明人： Kevin L. Miller ,  Richard L. Keller ,  William J. Walker, JR. ,  James D. Lykowski ,  Shuwei Ma ,  Matthew C. Ware ,  John W. Hoffman ,  Mark S. McMurray ,  Brian A. Bolduc ,  David Walker ,  Myron J. Schmenk ,  James L. May ,  Kevin J. Kowalski

IPC分类号： H01T13/20 ,  H01T21/02

CPC分类号： H01T21/02 ,  H01T13/20

摘要： A spark plug and method of construction thereof is provided. The spark plug includes a metal shell having a through cavity, a lower insulator and a plastic upper insulator. The lower insulator is received in the through cavity and has a through passage with a center electrode received therein. A ground electrode is operatively attached to the shell in spaced relation from the ground electrode to provide a spark gap. The plastic upper insulator has a distal end received in the through cavity of the shell and a terminal end extending axially outwardly from the shell. The upper insulator has a through passage extending between the terminal end and the distal end. An elongate conductive member is received in the through passage of the upper insulator and is configured for electrical communication with the center electrode.

摘要翻译： 提供火花塞及其构造方法。 火花塞包括具有通孔的金属壳，下绝缘体和塑料上绝缘体。 下绝缘体容纳在通孔中并且具有容纳在其中的中心电极的通路。 接地电极以与接地电极间隔的关系可操作地附接到壳体以提供火花隙。 塑料上绝缘体具有容纳在壳体的通孔中的远端和从壳体轴向向外延伸的端部。 上绝缘体具有在终端和远端之间延伸的通路。 细长的导电构件被容纳在上绝缘体的通路中，并被配置成与中心电极电连通。

公开(公告)号：US08575829B2

公开(公告)日：2013-11-05

申请号：US12837026

申请日：2010-07-15

申请人： Shuwei Ma ,  James D. Lykowski

发明人： Shuwei Ma ,  James D. Lykowski

IPC分类号： H01T13/20

CPC分类号： H01T13/39 ,  H01T21/02

摘要： A spark plug includes at least one electrode having a sparking end. The sparking end is formed of a high temperature performance alloy including chromium in an amount of 10.0 weight percent to 60.0 weight percent, palladium in an amount of 0.5 weight percent to 10.0 weight percent, and a balance substantially of at least one of molybdenum and tungsten. The sparking end presents a spark contact surface, and at a temperature of at least 500° C., such as during use of the spark plug in an internal combustion engine, a layer of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) forms at said spark contact surface. The layer of Cr2O3 protects the bulk of the sparking end from the extreme conditions of the combustion chamber and prevents erosion, corrosion, and balling.

摘要翻译： 火花塞包括至少一个具有火花端的电极。 火花端由包含10.0重量％至60.0重量％的铬的高温性能合金形成，钯的量为0.5重量％至10.0重量％，余量基本上至少为钼和钨的一种 。 火花端具有火花接触表面，并且在至少500℃的温度下，例如在内燃机中使用火花塞期间，在所述火花接触表面处形成氧化铬（Cr 2 O 3）层。 Cr2O3层可以防止燃烧室的极端条件下火花塞的大部分，并防止腐蚀，腐蚀和球磨。

公开(公告)号：US08492963B2

公开(公告)日：2013-07-23

申请号：US12954061

申请日：2010-11-24

申请人： Shuwei Ma

发明人： Shuwei Ma

IPC分类号： H01T13/20

CPC分类号： H01T13/39 ,  H01T21/02

摘要： A spark plug having one or more electrodes at least partially fabricated from an aluminum-containing Ni-based alloy. The alloy is a volume-stable alloy that includes a Ni3Al precipitate in a γ′-phase distributed in a Ni matrix γ-phase. The precipitate is formed in the alloy prior to the alloy being used to fabricate electrodes and thus prevents additional Ni3Al precipitate from being formed in the alloy once in service in a high-temperature environment. This, in turn, prevents a volume decrease of the alloy that may lead to an increased spark gap and spark plug malfunction. The volume-stable alloy may be made by solution treatment, quenching, and heat aging of a Ni—Cr—Al—Fe alloy.

摘要翻译： 具有至少部分地由含铝的Ni基合金制成的一个或多个电极的火花塞。 该合金是体积稳定的合金，其包括分布在Ni基质γ相中的γ'相中的Ni 3 Al析出物。 在合金用于制造电极之前，在合金中形成沉淀物，从而防止在合金中在高温环境中使用中另外的Ni 3 Al沉淀物形成。 这又防止合金的体积减小，这可能导致火花间隙增加和火花塞故障。 体积稳定的合金可以通过Ni-Cr-Al-Fe合金的固溶处理，淬火和热老化制成。

公开(公告)号：US08274204B2

公开(公告)日：2012-09-25

申请号：US12954262

申请日：2010-11-24

申请人： Shuwei Ma

发明人： Shuwei Ma

IPC分类号： H01T13/39

CPC分类号： H01T13/39

摘要： A spark plug for an internal combustion engine has one or more electrodes with an electrode material of a platinum (Pt) based alloy. The alloy includes aluminum (Al) and one or more refractory metals selected from the group containing nickel (Ni), rhenium (Re), ruthenium (Ru), tantalum (Ta), molybdenum (Mo), and tungsten (W). In at least some of the disclosed alloys, the aluminum contributes to the formation of an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layer on a surface of the electrode material.

摘要翻译： 用于内燃机的火花塞具有一个或多个具有铂（Pt）基合金的电极材料的电极。 合金包括铝（Al）和选自镍（Ni），铼（Re），钌（Ru），钽（Ta），钼（Mo）和钨（W））的一种或多种难熔金属。 在至少一些所公开的合金中，铝有助于在电极材料的表面上形成氧化铝（Al 2 O 3）层。

公开(公告)号：US20120194056A1

公开(公告)日：2012-08-02

申请号：US13355891

申请日：2012-01-23

申请人： Shuwei Ma

发明人： Shuwei Ma

IPC分类号： H01T13/39 ,  B22F3/24 ,  B22F3/10 ,  H01T21/02

CPC分类号： H01T13/39 ,  B22F1/0003 ,  C22C1/0466 ,  H01T21/02

摘要： An electrode material that may be used in spark plugs and other ignition devices including industrial plugs, aviation igniters, glow plugs, or any other device that is used to ignite an air/fuel mixture in an engine. The electrode material is a metal composite and includes a particulate component embedded or dispersed within a matrix component such that the metal composite has a multi-phase microstructure. In one embodiment, the metal composite includes a matrix component that includes a precious metal and makes up about 2-80% wt of the overall composite and a particulate component that includes a ruthenium-based material and makes up about 20-98% wt of the overall composite.

摘要翻译： 可用于火花塞和其它点火装置的电极材料，包括工业塞子，航空点火器，电热塞或用于点燃发动机中的空气/燃料混合物的任何其它装置。 电极材料是金属复合材料，并且包括嵌入或分散在基质组分中的颗粒组分，使得金属复合材料具有多相微结构。 在一个实施方案中，金属复合材料包括基质组分，其包含贵金属并占组合物总重量的约2-80％wt，以及包含钌基材料并占组合物的约20-98％wt的颗粒组分 整体综合。

公开(公告)号：US08760044B2

公开(公告)日：2014-06-24

申请号：US13402437

申请日：2012-02-22

申请人： Shuwei Ma

发明人： Shuwei Ma

IPC分类号： H01T13/20

CPC分类号： H01T13/39 ,  B22F1/0003 ,  B22F2003/208 ,  C22C1/0466 ,  H01T21/02

摘要： An electrode material may be used in spark plugs and other ignition devices including industrial plugs, aviation igniters, glow plugs, or any other device that is used to ignite an air/fuel mixture in an engine. In one embodiment, the electrode material has one or both of iridium (Ir) or ruthenium (Ru), and has rhenium (Re).

摘要翻译： 电极材料可用于火花塞和其它点火装置，包括工业塞子，航空点火器，电热塞或用于点燃发动机中的空气/燃料混合物的任何其它装置。 在一个实施方案中，电极材料具有铱（Ir）或钌（Ru）中的一种或两种，并且具有铼（Re）。

公开(公告)号：US08436520B2

公开(公告)日：2013-05-07

申请号：US13193121

申请日：2011-07-28

申请人： Shuwei Ma

发明人： Shuwei Ma

IPC分类号： H01T13/39 ,  H01T13/34

CPC分类号： H01T13/39

摘要： A spark plug for an internal combustion engine has a center electrode, a ground electrode or both that includes an electrode material that is a Pt-based alloy. The electrode material may include platinum (Pt), at least one active element like aluminum (Al) or silicon (Si), and at least one high-melting point element such as ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), rhenium (Re), tantalum (Ta), niobium (Nb), chromium (Cr), or a combination thereof. In at least some of the disclosed alloys, the aluminum (Al) and/or silicon (Si) contributes to the formation of a thin protective oxide layer on a surface of the electrode material.

摘要翻译： 用于内燃机的火花塞具有包括Pt基合金的电极材料的中心电极，接地电极或二者。 电极材料可以包括铂（Pt），至少一种活性元素如铝（Al）或硅（Si），以及至少一种高熔点元素如钌（Ru），铱（Ir），钨（W ），钼（Mo），铼（Re），钽（Ta），铌（Nb），铬（Cr）或其组合。 在所公开的至少一些合金中，铝（Al）和/或硅（Si）有助于在电极材料的表面上形成薄的保护性氧化物层。

公开(公告)号：US08274203B2

公开(公告)日：2012-09-25

申请号：US12954011

申请日：2010-11-24

申请人： Shuwei Ma ,  James D. Lykowski

发明人： Shuwei Ma ,  James D. Lykowski

IPC分类号： H01T13/20

CPC分类号： H01T13/39

摘要： A spark plug electrode material that may be used in spark plugs and other ignition devices including industrial plugs, aviation igniters, glow plugs, or any other device that is used to ignite an air/fuel mixture in an engine. According to an exemplary embodiment, the electrode material includes a refractory metal (for example, tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), rhenium (Re), ruthenium (Ru) and/or chromium (Cr)) and a precious metal (for example, rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and/or iridium (Ir)), where the refractory metal is present in an amount that is greater than that of the precious metal. This includes, but is certainly not limited to, electrode materials including tungsten-based alloys such as W—Rh and ruthenium-based alloys such as Ru—Rh. Other combinations and embodiments are also possible.

摘要翻译： 火花塞电极材料可用于火花塞和其他点火装置，其中包括工业塞子，航空点火器，电热塞或用于点燃发动机中的空气/燃料混合物的任何其它装置。 根据示例性实施例，电极材料包括难熔金属（例如钨（W），钼（Mo），铼（Re），钌（Ru）和/或铬（Cr））和贵金属（用于 例如，铑（Rh），铂（Pt），钯（Pd）和/或铱（Ir）），其中难熔金属的存在量大于贵金属的量。 这包括但不限于包括钨基合金如W-Rh和钌基合金如Ru-Rh的电极材料。 其他组合和实施方式也是可能的。

公开(公告)号：US20120169206A1

公开(公告)日：2012-07-05

申请号：US13342709

申请日：2012-01-03

申请人： Shuwei Ma

发明人： Shuwei Ma

IPC分类号： H01T13/39 ,  C22C5/04

CPC分类号： H01T13/39 ,  C22C1/1078 ,  C22C5/04

摘要： A ruthenium-based electrode material for use with a spark plug. The electrode material comprises ruthenium (Ru) and a precious metal. The ruthenium (Ru) is the single largest constituent of the electrode material on a wt % basis. The electrode material may have a density that is less than or equal to about 15.5 g/cm3 and may include at least one other precious metal. The electrode material may be used in a spark plug that includes a metallic shell having an axial bore, an insulator having an axial bore and at least partially disposed within the axial bore of the metallic shell, a center electrode at least partially disposed within the axial bore of the insulator, and a ground electrode attached to a free end of the metallic shell. The center electrode, the ground electrode or both may be formed at least in part from the electrode alloy.

摘要翻译： 一种用于火花塞的钌基电极材料。 电极材料包含钌（Ru）和贵金属。 钌（Ru）是基于重量％的电极材料的最大单一成分。 电极材料可以具有小于或等于约15.5g / cm 3的密度，并且可以包括至少一种其它贵金属。 电极材料可以用于包括具有轴向孔的金属壳的火花塞，具有轴向孔的绝缘体，并且至少部分地设置在金属壳的轴向孔内;中心电极，至少部分地设置在轴向孔内 绝缘体的孔，以及附接到金属壳的自由端的接地电极。 中心电极，接地电极或两者可以至少部分地从电极合金形成。