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公开(公告)号：US4722018A
公开(公告)日：1988-01-26
申请号：US806608
申请日：1985-12-09
Applicant: Walter J. Pohl
Inventor： Walter J. Pohl
Abstract: Refrigeration system control systems and methods for protecting a refrigerant motor/compressor, for example in an air conditioner, against conditions of excessive loading. The systems and methods of the invention recognize and distinguish between conditions of high operating load and insufficient condenser airflow, and take appropriate action for each. High operating load conditions are responded to by providing a motor/compressor cool-down interval, followed by a restart, so that an air conditioner remains operating at its maximum capacity, consistent with the field conditions. Insufficient condenser airflow conditions are responded to by eventually terminating operation of the motor/compressor until, for example, a service technician is called. Operation is based on a recognition that excessive loading conditions are manifested much sooner when the cause is insufficient condenser airflow than when the cause is a high operating load. In the disclosed embodiments, loading on the motor/compressor is sensed, and the motor/compressor is de-energized when a condition of excessive loading is recognized, whatever the cause. After a cool-down interval, the motor/compressor is re-energized, but a count is maintained of the number of times the motor/compressor is de-energized in response to a recognized condition of excessive loading. In order to distinguish between blocked condenser airflow conditions and conditions of excessive load, operation is terminated permanently when the count reaches a predetermined number such as six, but the count is reset when continuous run time exceeds eight minutes.
Abstract translation: 制冷系统控制系统和用于例如在空调器中保护制冷剂电动机/压缩机的方法，以防止过度负载的情况。 本发明的系统和方法识别和区分高运行负荷和冷凝器气流不足的条件，并对每一个采取适当的动作。 通过提供电机/压缩机冷却间隔，然后重启，响应高工作负载条件，使空调器保持与其现场条件一致的最大容量运行。 通过最终终止电动机/压缩机的操作来响应冷凝器气流条件不足，直到例如维修技术人员被调用为止。 操作基于这样的认识：当原因不足于冷凝器气流时，过多的负载条件比起因于高操作负载时更早地表现出来。 在所公开的实施例中，感测到电动机/压缩机上的负载，并且当识别到过度负载的状况时，马达/压缩机被断电，无论是什么原因。 在冷却间隔之后，电动机/压缩机被重新通电，但是响应于已识别到的过度负载的情况，维持电动机/压缩机断电次数。 为了区分阻塞的冷凝器气流条件和过载的情况，当计数达到预定数量（例如6）时，永久地停止运行，但是当连续运行时间超过8分钟时，计数被复位。
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公开(公告)号：US4724678A
公开(公告)日：1988-02-16
申请号：US942985
申请日：1986-12-17
Applicant: Walter J. Pohl
Inventor： Walter J. Pohl
CPC classification number: F25D21/006 , F25B49/025
Abstract: Disclosed are refrigeration system control systems and methods for compressor motor protection and defrost control. The disclosed systems and methods are generic in the sense that they are self-calibrating and so may be employed in a variety of different air conditioner or heat pump models of different sizes and capacities, without being specifically tailored for a particular model. The disclosed systems and methods sense loading on the compressor and evaporator fan motors, preferably by sensing the voltage across the capacitor-run winding of an AC induction motor and normalizing with respect to line voltage. The self-calibrating capability is implemented by taking advantage of the changing loads as a function of time on both the compressor and fan motors during both normal and abnormal operation of a refrigeration system. In overview, a reference value of motor loading is established for each motor at certain times during an ON cycle. At later times the then-prevailing motor loading is compared to the stored reference in order to provide a basis for control decisions. The ratio of capacitor-run winding voltage to line voltage is an advantageous indicator of motor loading. In one embodiment, a reference ratio of capacitor-run winding voltage to line voltage is established, and at later times is compared to the then-prevailing ratio of capacitor-run winding voltage to line voltage.
Abstract translation: 公开了用于压缩机电机保护和除霜控制的制冷系统控制系统和方法。 所公开的系统和方法在一般意义上是通用的，它们是自校准的，因此可以用于不同尺寸和容量的各种不同的空调或热泵模型中，而不是专门针对特定的模型。 所公开的系统和方法优选地感测压缩机和蒸发器风扇电动机上的负载，优选地通过感测AC感应电动机的电容器运行绕组两端的电压并相对于线路电压进行归一化。 在制冷系统的正常和异常操作期间，通过利用在压缩机和风扇电动机上的随时间的变化的负载来实现自校准能力。 总而言之，在ON循环中的某些时间，为每个电机建立电机负载的参考值。 在稍后的时间，当时的电机负载与存储的参考值进行比较，以便为控制决策提供依据。 电容器绕组电压与线路电压的比值是电机负载的有利指标。 在一个实施例中，建立电容器运行的绕组电压与线路电压的参考比，并且稍后的时间与电容器运行的绕组电压与线电压的当时比例进行比较。
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公开(公告)号：US4662184A
公开(公告)日：1987-05-05
申请号：US816448
申请日：1986-01-06
Applicant: Walter J. Pohl , William J. McCarty , Frederick E. Hicks
Inventor： Walter J. Pohl , William J. McCarty , Frederick E. Hicks
CPC classification number: F25D21/006 , F25B2700/2106 , F25D21/02
Abstract: Disclosed are apparatus and methods for controlling the defrosting of the outdoor heat exchange coil of a heat pump. In general, the disclosed apparatus and methods use the differencee between the outdoor heat exchanger and the outdoor ambient temperature to determine when to initiate a defrosting operation. Only a single sensor is employed, this single sensor being positioned at least proximate the outdoor heat exchanger such that the sensor responds to ambient temperature when the heat pump is first started and the heat exchanger is free of frost, and such that the sensnor becomes surrounded with frost as frost builds up on the heat exchanger during operation. At the beginning of a run the sensor is employed to read the ambient temperature, which is memorized. As frost builds, the sensor begins to reflect the temperature of the heat exchanger as the sensor becomes increasingly insulated by the frost from the surrounding air. During operation thereafter, the sensor is periodically read, the difference between the prevailing sensor temperature and the stored reference is determined and compared to an established difference reference, and a defrosting operation is initiated if the comparison difference exceeds the difference reference. The single sensor is also employed to determine when to terminate a defrosting operation, and also to determine whether to operate the outdoor fan as an aid to a defrosting operation.
Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于控制热泵室外热交换盘管除霜的装置和方法。 通常，所公开的装置和方法使用室外热交换器和室外环境温度之间的差异来确定何时开始除霜操作。 仅使用单个传感器，该单个传感器至少位于室外热交换器附近，使得当热泵首次启动并且热交换器没有结霜时传感器响应环境温度，并且使得感测器被包围 在运行期间，霜冻会在热交换器上积聚起来。 在运行开始时，传感器用于读取记录的环境温度。 随着霜冻的建立，传感器开始反映热交换器的温度，因为传感器越来越多地被霜冻与周围空气隔绝。 在此之后的操作期间，周期性地读取传感器，确定当前传感器温度和存储的基准之间的差异，并将其与建立的差分参考值进行比较，并且如果比较差异超过差异参考值则开始除霜操作。 单个传感器还用于确定何时终止除霜操作，并且还用于确定是否操作室外风扇以辅助除霜操作。
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公开(公告)号：US4346755A
公开(公告)日：1982-08-31
申请号：US151855
申请日：1980-05-21
Applicant: Robert P. Alley , Walter J. Pohl , John W. Relyea
Inventor： Robert P. Alley , Walter J. Pohl , John W. Relyea
CPC classification number: F24F11/085 , F24F11/0009 , F25B49/02 , F25D21/006 , G05D23/1912 , G05D23/24 , F24F11/0012
Abstract: A two-stage circuit for controlling all operational functions of a reversible air cycle heat pump unit, including room thermostat functions and defrosting functions. All user controllable functions are controlled via a remotely locatable thermostat-like control unit mounted on an inside wall of the room separate from the heat pump unit, and connected to the heat pump unit with only five conductors. A number of desirable functions and features are provided. For example, for optimum energy usage the control provides two stages in both heating and cooling modes of operation, with almost constant temperature differential between the two stages regardless of temperature setting, and almost constant hysteresis for each stage. To facilitate compliance with Government-imposed regulations where applicable, heating and cooling limits are independently adjustable without any modification whatsoever for use in those public buildings where heating and cooling must be limited.
Abstract translation: 用于控制可逆空气循环热泵机组的所有操作功能的两级电路，包括室内恒温器功能和除霜功能。 所有用户可控功能通过安装在与热泵单元分离的房间内壁上的可远程定位的恒温器状控制单元来控制，并且仅与五个导体连接到热泵单元。 提供了许多期望的功能和特征。 例如，为了最佳的能量使用，控制在加热和冷却运行两种模式下提供两个阶段，无论温度设定如何，两级之间几乎恒定的温差，以及每个阶段的几乎恒定的滞后。 为了方便遵守政府实施的规定，如果适用，加热和冷却限制可独立调整，无需任何修改，可用于需要限制加热和冷却的公共建筑。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4287939A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-08
申请号：US180216
申请日：1980-08-21
Applicant: Walter J. Pohl , Arthur L. Burns
Inventor： Walter J. Pohl , Arthur L. Burns
CPC classification number: G05B19/07 , G05D23/1934 , F24F11/0012 , F24F2011/0067 , F24F2011/0068 , G05B2219/23043 , G05B2219/25175
Abstract: A versatile yet low cost mode selection control system for an air conditioning unit such as a combination heating and cooling unit having a plurality of operational modes, and which control system is capable of responding both to a relatively local mode selection unit and a relatively remote mode selection unit. Both the relatively local mode selection unit and the relatively remote mode selection unit can exercise independent control over the mode selection, not necessarily limited to mere on/off control, and either may override a selection made at the other at any time. Electronic momentary push button and holding circuitry is employed electronically provide a function similar to that of the prior art mechanical push button configuration wherein only one push button can be actuated at a time, with actuation of any one push button deactuating all others.
Abstract translation: 一种用于诸如具有多个操作模式的组合加热和冷却单元的空调单元的多功能但低成本的模式选择控制系统，以及哪个控制系统能够响应相对本地模式选择单元和相对远程模式 选择单位。 相对本地模式选择单元和相对远程模式选择单元都可以对模式选择进行独立控制，而不一定仅限于开启/关闭控制，并且可以在任何时间覆盖彼此进行的选择。 使用电子瞬时按钮和保持电路来提供类似于现有技术的机械按钮配置的功能，其中只有一个按钮可以一次被致动，同时任何一个按钮的致动使所有其他按钮都被停止。
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US4346566A
公开(公告)日：1982-08-31
申请号：US270296
申请日：1981-06-04
Applicant: William J. McCarty , Walter J. Pohl , Russell L. McCreary
Inventor： William J. McCarty , Walter J. Pohl , Russell L. McCreary
CPC classification number: F25B29/003 , F24F11/085 , F25B47/022 , F25B2400/0401 , F25B2400/0411 , F25B2500/01 , F25B41/00
Abstract: A reverse air cycle type heat pump is provided that utilizes a refrigeration system having a unidirection refrigerant flow wherein the condenser and evaporator retain their functions, but the air directed across them is redirected for different operations. The refrigeration system is provided with a secondary defrost circuit including a first conduit between the upper portion of the evaporator and the compressor casing and a second conduit having a valve which permits refrigerant flow to by-pass the expansion device only when compresssor operation terminates and the system pressure differential is equalized. This defrost circuit causes the relatively warm refrigerant in gaseous phase in the compressor to displace the relatively cold refrigerant in liquid phase in the evaporator with the flow continuing until the defrost process is completed.
Abstract translation: 提供了一种反向空气循环式热泵，其利用具有单向制冷剂流的制冷系统，其中冷凝器和蒸发器保持其功能，但是被引导穿过它们的空气被重定向以用于不同的操作。 制冷系统设置有二次除霜回路，该第二除霜回路包括位于蒸发器的上部与压缩机壳体之间的第一管道和具有阀门的第二管道，该阀门允许仅当压缩机操作终止时制冷剂流过旁通膨胀装置， 系统压差相等。 该除霜电路使压缩机中相对温暖的气态制冷剂在蒸发器中置换液相中相对较冷的制冷剂，其中流动持续直到除霜过程完成。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4290481A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-22
申请号：US148090
申请日：1980-05-12
Applicant: Walter J. Pohl
Inventor： Walter J. Pohl
CPC classification number: G05D23/30 , F24F11/0009 , F24F2011/0064 , F25B2600/0251 , F25B49/022
Abstract: An electronic thermostatic control for a heat/cool air conditioning unit and with variable temperature anticipation useful when the unit is located above or below the room's normal zone to compensate for different effects of air stratification as between heat and cool operating modes. A comparator circuit output switches the compressor on and off and a portion of the comparator output is fed back to one of the comparator inputs to effect a degree of temperature anticipation. The feedback is altered by a load impedance switch and into and out of the comparator output circuit to vary the voltage swing on the comparator output and thus to vary the feedback. The amount of alteration of the feedback is selected to achieve the desired variation of temperature anticipation between heating and cooling operating modes.
Abstract translation: 用于热/冷空调单元的电子恒温控制器，具有可变温度预期，当单元位于房间正常区域上方或下方时有用，以补偿空气分层在热和冷运行模式之间的不同影响。 比较器电路输出使压缩器打开和关闭，并且比较器输出的一部分被反馈到比较器输入之一以实现一定程度的温度预期。 反馈由负载阻抗开关改变，并进入和退出比较器输出电路，以改变比较器输出上的电压摆幅，从而改变反馈。 选择反馈量的变化量以实现加热和冷却操作模式之间所期望的温度预期变化。
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公开(公告)号：US4215554A
公开(公告)日：1980-08-05
申请号：US910816
申请日：1978-05-30
Applicant: Walter J. Pohl
Inventor： Walter J. Pohl
CPC classification number: F24F11/085 , F25B13/00 , F25D21/006 , F25D21/02 , G05D23/1931 , G05D23/24
Abstract: Frost control apparatus is disclosed for a temperature conditioning system such as a heat pump or the like, wherein a compressor circulates a volatile fluid through the closed system. Frost-buildup on the indoor and outdoor coils of the system is controlled by means of respective defrost cycles which occur in accordance with the conditions sensed by temperature sensing elements positioned at various points in the system. The defrost cycle for the indoor coil is maintained throughout a predetermined temperature range of ambient indoor air. The defrost cycle for the outdoor coil is initiated as a function of the differential between the temperature of the outdoor coil and that of ambient outdoor air and it varies in magnitude as a function of ambient outdoor air temperature. The termination of the outdoor coil defrost cycle is determined by a sensed temperature condition.
Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于诸如热泵等的温度调节系统的霜控制装置，其中压缩机使挥发性流体循环通过封闭系统。 通过相应的除霜循环来控制系统的室内和室外线圈上的霜积累，这些除霜循环根据位于系统中的各个点处的温度感测元件感测到的条件而发生。 室内线圈的除霜循环在环境室内空气的预定温度范围内保持。 室外线圈的除霜循环作为室外线圈的温度与周围室外空气的温差之间的差异起作用，并且随室外空气温度的变化而变化。 室外线圈除霜循环的终止由感测的温度条件决定。
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公开(公告)号：US4196462A
公开(公告)日：1980-04-01
申请号：US910303
申请日：1978-05-30
Applicant: Walter J. Pohl
Inventor： Walter J. Pohl
Abstract: A solid state electronic circuit for protecting a single phase induction motor against excessive loading by comparing motor start winding voltage with motor source voltage is disclosed, wherein the circuit automatically removes the motor from its driving source upon the occurrence of such excessive loading. An additional feature includes comparing start winding voltage with source voltage to remove the motor from its driving source upon the occurrence of excessive start winding voltage and corresponding excessive high motor speed. A motor starting circuit to permit the start winding voltage to rise to its normal running level and a time delay restarting circuit to permit the motor to automatically restart after elapse of a selected lock out period following removal of the motor from the source due to insufficient or excessive loading is also provided.
Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于通过将电动机起动绕组电压与电动机源电压进行比较来保护单相感应电动机免于过载的固态电子电路，其中在发生这种过度负载时，电路自动从其驱动源移除电动机。 一个附加功能包括将起动绕组电压与源电压进行比较，以便在发生过大的起动绕组电压和相应的过高的电机转速时，将电机从其驱动源中移除。 电动机启动电路，允许起动绕组电压上升到其正常运行电平;以及时间延迟重启电路，以允许电动机在经过选择的锁定时间段之后自动重新启动，这是由于电动机从源起不足或由于不充分而导致的， 还提供过量的装载。
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公开(公告)号：US4150558A
公开(公告)日：1979-04-24
申请号：US848538
申请日：1977-11-04
Applicant: Walter J. Pohl
Inventor： Walter J. Pohl
CPC classification number: F25B41/067 , Y10T29/49359 , Y10T29/49771
Abstract: The present invention provides a restrictor for use in a refrigeration system including the method of adapting its use to the system and more particularly to a restrictor that is formed by providing a flattened portion of tubing that is bent to establish a substantially U-shaped restrictor having diverging leg members connected at their apex by an arcuate segment. Means are provided for moving at least one of the leg members relative to the other so that the diameter of the arcuate segment is altered. Altering the diameter of the arcuate segment causes the cross-sectional area of the restrictor passageway in the segment area to change and, accordingly, the refrigerant flow through the restrictor is effectively adjusted to optimize the refrigeration system efficiency.
Abstract translation: 本发明提供一种用于制冷系统的限制器，其包括使其适用于该系统的方法，更具体地涉及一种限制器，该限制器通过提供弯曲以形成基本上为U形的限制器的管状扁平部分而形成， 分叉的腿部构件以其弓形部分在其顶点连接。 提供了用于相对于另一个移动至少一个腿部构件的装置，使得弓形段的直径被改变。 改变弧形段的直径导致分段区域中的限流器通道的横截面积改变，因此有效地调节通过限流器的制冷剂流量，以优化制冷系统的效率。
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