摘要:
Methods and systems for predicting at least one temperature along a fluid flow path of a fluid flow system having a heater disposed in the fluid flow path are provided. In one example, a method includes: obtaining at least one input, wherein the at least one input includes a setpoint, a mass flow rate, an inlet temperature, or a combination thereof; calculating a temperature associated with the heater based on a predefined model and the at least one input; and setting a value of the at least one temperature along the fluid flow path to the temperature of the heater.
摘要:
A safety circuit for temperature tripping with redundancy is disclosed. The safety circuit comprises a first temperature evaluation module comprising a first input arranged to receive a first input signal derived from a temperature by means of a temperature-dependent element; the first temperature evaluation module further comprising a first output arranged to provide a first output signal corresponding to said determined first temperature state. The safety circuit further comprises a second temperature evaluation module comprising a second input arranged to receive a second input signal derived from said temperature by means of said temperature-dependent element, the second input signal being different from said first input signal; the second temperature evaluation module further comprising a second output arranged to provide a second output signal corresponding to said determined second temperature state. The safety circuit further comprises a tripping monitoring unit connected to said first and second outputs and being arranged to establish a tripping command signal when at least one of said first and second output signals changes to a trip state. A safety circuit operation method and an electrically powered motor comprising the safety circuit are further disclosed.
摘要:
A method of predicting the temperature of a resistive heating element in a heating system is provided. The method includes obtaining resistance characteristics of resistive heating elements and compensating for variations in the resistance characteristics over a temperature regime. The resistance characteristics of the resistive heating element include, but are not limited to, inaccuracies in resistance measurements due to strain-induced resistance variations, variations in resistance due to the rate of cooling, shifts in power output due to exposure to temperature, resistance to temperature relationships, non-monotonic resistance to temperature relationships, system measurement errors, and combinations of resistance characteristics. The method includes interpreting and calibrating resistance characteristics based on a priori measurements and in situ measurements.
摘要:
An electronic thermostat control system may include a control duty determination portion outputting PWM duty signal for controlling the coolant temperature according to a coolant temperature, a rising rate of the coolant temperature, an engine speed, a load and a vehicle speed, a driving portion applying a time condition to the PWM duty signal output by the control duty determination portion for controlling outputting interval, and a fault diagnosis portion diagnosing operations of the electronic thermostat by analyzing the signals output by the driving portion and changes of the coolant temperature.
摘要:
A thermostatic valve for a cooling circuit of a motor vehicle may include a thermostat housing part, a connector, a connector sleeve and an expansion element including a hearing resistor. The connector and the expansion element may each be insertable into the connector sleeve via a sealed and mechanically plugged-in connection. The connector and the expansion element together with the connector sleeve may define an assembly. The assembly may be insertable into the thermostat housing part via another sealed and mechanically plugged-in connection. The connector and the heating resistor may define an electrically conductive connection when the connector and the expansion element are inserted into the connector sleeve.
摘要:
A glow plug may include: i) a hollow plug housing that is mounted on a plug mount in an insulation status; ii) a center shaft that is fixed to one end of the plug housing in an insulation status and receives power from the outside; iii) a heating unit that is connected to the center shaft and the other end of the plug housing, and generates heat using a potential difference; and iv) a connecting unit that insulates the plug mount and the center shaft, is coupled to the plug mount, and electrically connects with center shaft with the plug housing.
摘要:
The water carbonation method and apparatus of the present invention consists of a square mixer within a carbonated chamber. The mixer is partially filled with water. Carbon dioxide is then added above the level of water. A rotating member attached to the mixing motor then mixes the water and carbon dioxide to from a carbonated solution. Varying the time for which the carbonation operation is carried on may vary the degree of carbonation. After the specified carbonation cycle, excess carbon dioxide is then relieved through an exhaust solenoid and the remaining carbonated solution is released through the dispensing solenoid into a cup.
摘要:
A temperature regulating device for electric heating apparatus has a thermostat for controlling the operation of the apparatus, the thermostat being thermally coupled to a regulation resistor connected in series with a resistor, the resistance of which varies as a function of temperature.The latter resistance is thermally coupled to a differential correction first heating resistance and to a shift correction second heating resistance, these two resistors having different time constants and being energized, respectively, when the heating apparatus is turned on by the thermostat and when it is turned off.
摘要:
A potter's oven includes an electrical heating element for controlling the temperature in the oven. Power to this heating element is controlled by a bimetallic switch and an electrically energized heater therefor and the percentage of power supplied to the oven heating element is controlled in dependence upon the value of resistance in series with the heater for the bimetallic switch. The value of this resistance is increased in stepwise fashion under control of at least one sensor which determines the outside wall temperature of the oven, the temperature at which the sensor responds being chosen to cause the temperature inside the oven to reach a predetermined value and to hold such value for a predetermined time.
摘要:
For an AC supply, a pair of rectifier diodes are connected in parallel in opposing polarity, and the pair of diodes are connected across a heat anticipator resistor which is connected in series with a bimetal switch. The heat anticipator resistor and the bimetal switch are in series with the load. When the system is operating in the heating mode, the diodes regulate the voltage across the heat anticipator thereby rendering anticipator power (and, hence, cycle rate) independent of load current. Thus, there is no need to adjust the heat anticipator resistor during installation. When the system operates in the cooling mode, a lower current is required in the heat anticipator to reduce the cycling rate; and the system operating point shifts accordingly.