公开(公告)号：US5157427A

公开(公告)日：1992-10-20

申请号：US510348

申请日：1990-04-16

申请人： William E. Humphrey

发明人： William E. Humphrey

IPC分类号： A61B3/103 ,  A61B3/12

CPC分类号： A61B3/1208 ,  A61B3/103

摘要： An objective refractor having no moving parts is disclosed. The refractor, which can be either a hand held or table mounted instrument, includes a reference array and an interrogating array projected onto the eye fundus. The reference array is projected from light sources and the interrogating array is projected to light detectors. Both the reference array and the interrogating array are projected onto the fundus of the eye through preselected spaced apart regions of the eye lens. The movement of the reference array with respect to the interrogating array is observed. By the expedient of making at least two sequential observations utilizing at least three separate regions of the eye lens, the amount of relative pattern displacements can be reduced to a requisite optical prescription for the eye.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种不具有移动部件的物镜式折光器。 可以是手持式或桌式安装式仪器的折射器包括投影到眼底的参考阵列和询问阵列。 参考阵列从光源投影，询问阵列投射到光检测器。 参考阵列和询问阵列都通过眼睛透镜的预选的间隔区域投影到眼睛的眼底。 观察到参考阵列相对于询问阵列的移动。 通过利用眼镜片的至少三个独立区域进行至少两次连续观察的方法，相对图案位移的量可以减少到眼睛所需的光学处方。

公开(公告)号：US4130361A

公开(公告)日：1978-12-19

申请号：US804034

申请日：1977-06-06

申请人： William E. Humphrey

发明人： William E. Humphrey

IPC分类号： G01M11/02 ,  G01B9/00

CPC分类号： G01M11/0228

摘要： A lens meter for analyzing suspect lenses in terms of sphere, cylinder and axis by optical beam deflection and without relatively moving optical parts is disclosed. A light source emanating a substantially collimated beam of light from an entrant aperture into a retroreflecting mechanism includes two important properties. The first property is that an image of the entrant aperture is displayed from and reimaged across the optical axis of the retroreflector to a conjugate location at a real image exit aperture, this aperture being provided with a coincident optical stop. Secondly, in the absence of a test lens in the light path, light entrant to the retroreflector through the entrant aperture along a first path departs the real image of the exist aperture along a second path with a known angularity to the first path. Assuming that a suspect lens containing components of sphere and cylinder is interposed to the entrant and exit aperture, this angular deviation changes across the lens sampling entrant-exit aperture base leg. Specifically, the changed angular deviation is a function of sphere and cylinder present in the suspect lens. By algebraic summing of the resultant angular deviations, the power of the suspect lens can be measured in sphere, cylinder and axis either by notation in sphere and cross-cylinder components or by more conventional sphere, cylinder and axis notation. Provision is easily made to detect prism.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于通过光束偏转和不具有相对移动的光学部件来分析球体，圆柱体和轴上的可疑透镜的透镜仪。 将从入射孔开始的基本上准直的光束发射到后向反射机构的光源包括两个重要特性。 第一个特征是入射孔径的图像从后向反射器的光轴显示出来并被重新成像到实像出射孔处的共轭位置，该孔设置有重合的光学停止。 其次，在光路中没有测试透镜的情况下，沿着第一路径通过入口孔径向后向反射器的入射光沿着具有已知角度的第二路径将存在的孔径的真实图像偏离到第一路径。 假设含有球体和圆柱体的可疑透镜插入进入孔和出射孔中，该角度偏差在透镜取样入口孔出口孔径基座上变化。 具体来说，改变的角度偏差是可疑透镜中存在的球体和圆柱体的函数。 通过对所得角度偏差的代数求和，可以在球体，圆柱体和轴线中通过球面和交叉圆柱体部件中的符号或更常规的球体，圆柱和轴符号来测量可疑透镜的功率。 容易检测棱镜。

公开(公告)号：US3964817A

公开(公告)日：1976-06-22

申请号：US298050

申请日：1972-10-16

申请人： William E. Humphrey

发明人： William E. Humphrey

IPC分类号： G02B27/64 ,  G02B23/00

CPC分类号： G02B27/646

摘要： An optical ray deflecting means is neutrally supported in and biased in alignment with a window in a fluid filled chamber. The fluid, acting on both the sidewalls of the chamber and the surfaces of the deflecting means, causes the deflecting means to undergo proportional angular motion with respect to an inertial reference system when the chamber is subjected to vibrational angular motion with respect to the reference system. Placement of a deflecting means stabilizer at preselected points along the optical path of an optical instrument having high magnification is disclosed for producing instrument image stabilization.

公开(公告)号：US4732466A

公开(公告)日：1988-03-22

申请号：US719779

申请日：1985-04-04

申请人： William E. Humphrey

发明人： William E. Humphrey

IPC分类号： A61B3/14 ,  A61B3/10

CPC分类号： A61B3/14

摘要： An optical system for forming an image of the retina of the human eye. The system includes a rotating drum having transmission/receiving slit pairs formed thereon. The rotation of the drum scans an illumination region and viewing beam across the retina. Embodiments for forming stereo images, for synchronizing the formation of the image of the retina with the sweep of a vidicon tube, for automatically focusing the system, for providing flare control, for providing displaced slit functions, and for providing multiple functions are included.

摘要翻译： 一种用于形成人眼视网膜的图像的光学系统。 该系统包括其上形成有传输/接收狭缝对的旋转滚筒。 滚筒的旋转扫描照射区域并观察横跨视网膜的光束。 包括用于形成立体图像的实施例，用于使视网膜的图像与摄影管的扫描同步，用于自动聚焦系统，用于提供闪光控制，用于提供移位的狭缝功能以及用于提供多种功能。

公开(公告)号：US4561738A

公开(公告)日：1985-12-31

申请号：US436876

申请日：1982-10-26

申请人： William E. Humphrey ,  Charles Campbell

发明人： William E. Humphrey ,  Charles Campbell

IPC分类号： A61B3/024 ,  A61B3/02

CPC分类号： A61B3/024

摘要： A field tester wherein a patient's tested eye is located at the center of an interior hemisphere defining a projection surface and wherein a light spot is projected onto said surface from an eccentric location is disclosed. Optics in common with the projector assure that the off-center projected light is of constant intensity and diameter as selected for each test sequence according to test criteria. Specifically, a filament light source is projected to a collimating lens. The light source is re-imaged to a system lens stop. There is a movable aperture between the collimating lens and the first lens of telescopic optics for projecting the image of the aperture onto the projection surface of the sphere. By using a coordinate transform to predict the distance from the point of light source projection to the projection surface of the sphere, the movable aperture is registered to a conjugate distance with respect to the telescope optics. Aperture registration insures projection of a constant image of the aperture to any point along sphere surface. There results a field testing spot of constant diameter and intensity, according to selected image criteria, in spite of a continuously changing distance between the point of projection and projecting surface on the inside projection hemisphere. An apertured finder for centering of the patient's eye is also disclosed wherein relay optics projecting a real image of the patient's eye as viewed through a peep hole assure a wide angle view of the eye being tested. The eye is viewed through an aperture having a sight that does not significantly interfere with the test being conducted.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种现场测试仪，其中患者测试的眼睛位于限定投影表面的内半球的中心，并且其中光斑从偏心位置突出到所述表面上。 根据测试标准，与投影机共同的光学元件可以确保偏心投影光具有恒定的强度和每个测试顺序的直径。 具体地，将长丝光源投影到准直透镜。 将光源重新成像到系统镜头停止点。 在准直透镜和伸缩光学器件的第一透镜之间存在可移动的孔，用于将孔的图像投影到球体的投影表面上。 通过使用坐标变换来预测从光源投影点到球体的投影表面的距离，可移动孔径相对于望远镜光学器件注册到共轭距离。 光圈对准确保孔径的恒定图像投影到沿着球体表面的任何点。 尽管在投影点和内侧投影半球上的投影面之间的距离不断变化，但根据所选择的图像标准，导致具有恒定直径和强度的现场测试点。 还公开了一种用于患者眼睛居中的孔径检测器，其中通过窥视孔观察时投射患者眼睛的真实图像的中继光学器件确保被测眼睛的广角视野。 通过具有不会显着干扰正在进行的测试的视线的孔观察眼睛。

公开(公告)号：US4560259A

公开(公告)日：1985-12-24

申请号：US633079

申请日：1984-07-23

申请人： William E. Humphrey

发明人： William E. Humphrey

IPC分类号： A61B3/103 ,  A61B3/10

CPC分类号： A61B3/103

摘要： An objective refractor for the eye is disclosed in which knife-edge optics are utilized. The knife-edge optics cause characteristic illumination of the retina so that components of sphere and astigmatism can be identified. Provision for remote reading of the characteristic images is provided with the result that two orthogonally disposed knife-edge images can identify the sphere, cylinder and axis required for prescriptive patterns giving the direction and magnitude of required prescriptive change. A system of at least two orthogonally disposed, (and preferably four), knife edges with weighted lighting is disclosed for detection. Utilization of the knife-edge images is made possible by the detection of the low light level images at a detector having low noise level. A photo-sensitive element divided into a plurality of photo-discrete segments has light from the images proportionally dispersed over its surface. Such dispersion occurs through a matrix of wedge-shaped segments or alternately in the form of optical elements having cylindrical components. This dispersion of the light when used in combination with push-pull knife-edge patterns herein disclosed produces detectable low level refractive signal. An embodiment using an optic having a plurality of side by side optic elements, each element having the effect of crossed cylinders, is disclosed with the detector. Separate independent and non-interactive positional information on one hand, and refractive information on the other hand, is provided. Consequently the disclosed refractor is insensitive to adjustment and can accommodate a large range of pupil configuration with insensitivity to local retinal variations in light emission.

公开(公告)号：US4199816A

公开(公告)日：1980-04-22

申请号：US920313

申请日：1978-06-28

申请人： William E. Humphrey

发明人： William E. Humphrey

IPC分类号： A61B3/02 ,  A61B3/10 ,  A61B3/107 ,  G01M11/02 ,  G02B27/62 ,  G06F17/40 ,  G01B11/00

CPC分类号： A61B3/0066 ,  A61B3/107 ,  G01M11/0221

摘要： A process and apparatus for the calibration of an optical instrument. An optical instrument--such as a lens meter or ophthalmometer--is provided with a light source, a light detector, and an optical train of assembled optical elements therebetween. A suspect optical element to be measured is placed within the optical train at a measuring interval to deflect light passing along the optical train. An occulting moving boundary locus having at least two boundaries of differing shape, and a dedicated computer may be used to measure beam deflection. The dedicated computer also makes use of stored computer constants to transform raw measurements into the desired optical properties of the suspect optical element. The optical train of the instrument has its assembled optical elements randomly placed to production tolerances; precision registration of the optical elements to traditional close optical tolerances is omitted. Calibration occurs by manipulating the instrument's beam deflection apparatus under the control of a calibration program, by providing the optical instrument being calibrated with an umbilical cord which bypasses the central processing unit of the dedicated computer, but otherwise manipulates the entire optical instrument's beam deflection apparatus. This umbilical cord leads from a calibration computer, which substitutes central processing and contained memory as well as providing a supplemental program for the generation of customized computer constants. Customized computer constants are generated for each instrument by insertion of a series of test elements of known quantity into the samping interval of that instrument, and burned into a memory which is then placed into the dedicated computer of the instrument being calibrated.

摘要翻译： 用于校准光学仪器的方法和装置。 光学仪器（例如透镜仪或眼科仪）在其间设置有光源，光检测器和组合的光学元件的光学系列。 要测量的可疑光学元件以测量间隔放置在光学系列内，以偏转沿着光学列车通过的光。 具有不同形状的至少两个边界的隐蔽移动边界轨迹，以及专用计算机可用于测量光束偏转。 专用计算机还利用存储的计算机常数将原始测量转换成可疑光学元件的期望的光学特性。 仪器的光学系列将其组装的光学元件随机放置到生产公差上; 省略了将光学元件精密配准到传统的近似光学公差。 通过在校准程序的控制下操纵仪器的光束偏转装置，通过提供绕过专用计算机的中央处理单元的脐带校准的光学仪器，而另外操纵整个光学仪器的光束偏转装置来进行校准。 该脐带从校准计算机引出，该校准计算机代替中央处理和包含的存储器，以及为生成定制的计算机常数提供补充程序。 通过将一系列已知量的测试元件插入该仪器的冲压间隔中，为每个仪器生成定制的计算机常数，并将其烧入存储器中，然后将其放入正在校准的仪器的专用计算机中。

公开(公告)号：US4180325A

公开(公告)日：1979-12-25

申请号：US813211

申请日：1977-07-05

申请人： William E. Humphrey

发明人： William E. Humphrey

IPC分类号： G01M11/02 ,  G01B9/00

CPC分类号： G01M11/0235

摘要： An automated readout for a lens meter is disclosed in combination with a light beam deflecting type of lens meter such as that of a Hartman test. In such a light beam deflecting type of lens meter, a light source having one or more beams is passed through a suspect optical system and deflected by the suspect optical system to a deviated path. Measurement of the deviated path within a preselected area of excursion is typically equated to various powers of the suspect optical system in sphere, cylinder, cylinder axis, and prism. The invention provides for a means of measurement of deviated paths and includes a moving boundary locus with edges of distinctly different shape placed to intercept and occult said deflected beam in a known plane within the area of excursion at a distance from the suspect optical system. The moving boundary locus is typically arranged for movement along a predetermined path at a velocity within the known plane. The boundary locus includes a first substantially transparent portion, a second substantially opaque portion, and at least two boundaries between the opaque and transparent portions. Each of the two boundaries defines a unique non-ambiguous intersection within the area of excursion for each position of the beam and sweeps the preselected area of excursion at differing angularities with respect to the predetermined path of said moving boundary locus. The beam, after leaving the moving boundary locus, is reimaged to a photosensitive detector. By the expedient of measuring the position of the moving boundary locus when the moving boundary occults the beam for two of the boundaries, the amount of beam excursion can be measured and related to optical system measurement. The detector is provided with a circuit which averages the two detector states provided by occultation. This enables lens systems of varying light transmissivity to be measured.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于透镜计量器的自动读出器，其结合光束偏转型透镜计，例如Hartman测试仪。 在这种光束偏转型透镜计中，具有一个或多个光束的光源通过可疑光学系统并被可疑光学系统偏转到偏离的路径。 在预选的偏移区域内的偏离路径的测量通常等于球体，气缸，气缸轴线和棱镜中的可疑光学系统的各种功率。 本发明提供了一种测量偏斜路径的方法，并且包括具有明显不同形状的边缘的移动边界轨迹，放置在与可疑光学系统相距一定距离的偏移区域内的已知平面内拦截和隐藏所述偏转束。 移动边界轨迹通常布置成沿着已知平面内的速度沿着预定路径移动。 边界轨迹包括第一基本上透明的部分，第二基本上不透明的部分，以及不透明部分和透明部分之间的至少两个边界。 两个边界中的每一个在射束的每个位置的偏移区域内定义唯一的非模糊交点，并且以相对于所述移动边界轨迹的预定路径的不同角度扫掠预选的偏移区域。 离开移动边界轨迹后的光束被重新成像到光敏检测器。 通过测量移动边界轨迹的位置，当移动边界遮挡两个边界的光束时，可以测量光束偏移量并与光学系统测量相关。 检测器设置有对通过掩蔽提供的两个检测器状态进行平均的电路。 这样可以测量透光率变化的透镜系统。

公开(公告)号：US4098002A

公开(公告)日：1978-07-04

申请号：US805957

申请日：1977-06-13

申请人： Charles E. Campbell ,  William E. Humphrey

发明人： Charles E. Campbell ,  William E. Humphrey

IPC分类号： G02C13/00 ,  A61B3/10

CPC分类号： G02C13/005

摘要： In combination with a lens meter for measuring along a single optical path the power of suspect optics, an apparatus for positioning nose bridge mounted spectacles is disclosed. At least one nose locator piece simulating the shape and location of the human nose is mounted for sliding movement on a bar. A bar locks vertical lens movement on the base of the lens frame at the bottom of the lenses to establish the elevation of the visual center on each lens for each eye. The transverse spacing of the nose locator piece locates the remaining coordinate of the visual center of the suspect lens. The nose locator piece, when registered to the spectacles at the nose bridge, is read through an attached and typically magnified scale to indicate nose bridge to visual center distance. By using paired nose locator pieces and paired scales, rapid measurement of nose frame mounted spectacles can occur at the spaced visual centers for the right and left eye lens to a lens meter having a monocular light path. The bar locking vertical lens movement preferably includes a pressure sensitive portion to indicate a positioned lens for measurement as well as to provide identification (left or right suspect lens) of the particular nose bridge mounted suspect lens being measured.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于沿着单个光学路径测量可疑光学器件的功率的透镜计量器，用于定位鼻梁安装的眼镜的装置。 至少一个模拟人鼻的形状和位置的鼻子定位器被安装用于在杆上滑动。 一个酒吧锁定镜头底部透镜框底部的垂直镜头运动，以便为每只眼睛在每个镜头上建立视觉中心的高程。 鼻部定位器片的横向间距位于可疑镜片的视觉中心的剩余坐标。 鼻子定位器片，当登记在鼻梁上的眼镜时，通过附着的，典型的放大比例读取，以将鼻梁指向视觉中心距离。 通过使用成对的鼻子定位器片和配对的鳞片，可以在间隔的视觉中心处将右眼镜和左眼镜头快速测量到具有单眼光路的透镜计量器上。 杆锁定垂直透镜移动优选地包括压力敏感部分，以指示用于测量的定位透镜以及提供被测量的特定鼻梁安装的可疑透镜的识别（左或右可疑透镜）。

公开(公告)号：US5303022A

公开(公告)日：1994-04-12

申请号：US916243

申请日：1992-07-17

申请人： William E. Humphrey ,  Charles E. Campbell ,  James E. Sheedy

发明人： William E. Humphrey ,  Charles E. Campbell ,  James E. Sheedy

IPC分类号： G01M11/02 ,  G02C7/06 ,  G01B9/00

CPC分类号： G01M11/0228

摘要： A computer indicated lens movement direction protocol is utilized in combination with a lensmeter to designate required movement of lenses with respect to a lensmeter to insure sequential measurement of progressive addition lenses. Lens measurement occurs at four sample points closely spaced on the lens surface. The system uses power variations (PV.sub.1 and PV.sub.2) at each of the spaced apart lens sampling points to indicate when sampling of the lens occurs in a region of constant spherical power, when sampling of the lens occurs in a region of changing spherical power, and finally when sampling again occurs in a region of constant and increased spherical power. When sampling of the lens occurs in a region of changing power, lens movement is guided along a path of constantly changing sphere utilizing changes in astigmatism measured in the 45.degree.-135.degree. directions (C.sub.X). A lens examination protocol is set forth with vector indicators setting forth the vertical direction required for movement as well as both desired left and right movement to maintain the shortest possible path between the respective lens portions.

摘要翻译： 计算机指示的透镜移动方向协议与透镜计组合使用以指定透镜相对于透镜计的所需移动，以确保顺序附加透镜的顺序测量。 透镜测量发生在透镜表面上紧密间隔的四个采样点处。 该系统在每个间隔开的透镜采样点处使用功率变化（PV1和PV2），以指示在具有恒定球面光焦度的区域中发生透镜的采样时，当在变化的球面光焦度的区域中进行采样时，以及 最后当采样再次发生在恒定和增加球面光焦度的区域时。 当在变化的功率的区域中进行透镜的采样时，利用在45度-Z1度方向（CX）上测量的像散变化，沿着恒定变化的球体的路径引导透镜运动。 设置了透镜检查协议，该矢量指示器设置了移动所需的垂直方向，以及期望的左右移动，以保持各个透镜部分之间的最短路径。