公开(公告)号：US06925211B2

公开(公告)日：2005-08-02

申请号：US10602833

申请日：2003-06-25

申请人： William K. Burns ,  Larry A. Hess ,  Vishal Agarwal

发明人： William K. Burns ,  Larry A. Hess ,  Vishal Agarwal

IPC分类号： G02F1/035 ,  G02F1/225

CPC分类号： G02F1/035 ,  G02F1/225 ,  G02F2201/07 ,  G02F2203/21

摘要： An optical waveguide device including an electro-optical crystal substrate having a top surface and a bottom surface; an optical waveguide path formed within a surface of the electro-optical crystal substrate; at least one electrode positioned above the optical waveguide path for applying an electric field to the optical waveguide path; and a silicon titanium oxynitride layer and a connecting layer for interconnecting the silicon titanium oxynitride layer to another surface of the electro-optical crystal substrate that is opposite to the surface in which the optical waveguide path is formed.

公开(公告)号：US06535320B1

公开(公告)日：2003-03-18

申请号：US09663135

申请日：2000-09-15

申请人： William K. Burns

发明人： William K. Burns

IPC分类号： G02F103

CPC分类号： G02F1/2255

摘要： A traveling wave, linearized, modulator device includes: an optical waveguide disposed on a substrate and consisting of an input-output portion, a terminal portion and a plurality of arms disposed between and connected to the other portions. A first arm has an optical characteristic that varies responsive to supplying of an electric field thereto. A reflector (e.g., mirror) located at the distal end of the terminal portion of the optical waveguide causes light entering the input-output portion and propagating through the waveguide to be reflected back through the waveguide so as to exit through the input-output portion. A traveling wave electrode structure disposed on the substrate terminates in an open circuit substantially at the distal end of the terminal portion of the waveguide. The electrode structure includes an electrode disposed on the first arm so as to supply an electric field to that arm responsive to an electrical voltage being supplied to the electrode. A radio frequency signal and a direct current bias are supplied to the first electrode such that the radio frequency signal is biased at a non-quadrature, preferably 104.5 degree, bias point providing minimum third-order distortion, thereby providing substantially linearized modulator operation.

摘要翻译： 一种行波，线性调制装置，包括：设置在基板上并由输入输出部分，端子部分和设置在其它部分之间并与之连接的多个臂组成的光波导。 第一臂具有响应于其电场的供应而变化的光学特性。 位于光波导端部的远端处的反射器（例如，反射镜）使得光进入输入 - 输出部分并且通过波导传播以被反射回来，从而通过输入 - 输出部分 。 设置在基板上的行波电极结构基本上在波导的端子部分的远端终止于开路。 电极结构包括设置在第一臂上的电极，以便响应于供应给电极的电压而向该臂提供电场。 射频信号和直流偏压被提供给第一电极，使得射频信号被偏置在非正交，优选104.5度的偏置点，提供最小的三阶失真，从而提供基本上线性化的调制器操作。

公开(公告)号：US5917970A

公开(公告)日：1999-06-29

申请号：US63269

申请日：1998-04-21

申请人： William K. Burns ,  Leslie E. Chipman ,  Robert P. Moeller

发明人： William K. Burns ,  Leslie E. Chipman ,  Robert P. Moeller

IPC分类号： G02B6/28 ,  H04J14/08

CPC分类号： G02B6/2861

摘要： The wavelength multiplexed, electro-optically controllable, fiber optic multi-tap delay line utilizes a first output signal from a plurality of amplitude adjustable continuous-wave (CW) optical lasers multiplexed to form a combined optical signal onto which a radio frequency signal is imposed thereby shifting the combined optical signal which is then demultiplexed. A second output signal of the plurality of CW lasers is phase adjusted and combined with the demultiplexed combined optical signal to form a RF phase adjusted modulated optical signal. The plurality of phase adjusted modulated optical signals pass through associated optical delay lines and are multiplexed to form a single optical signal containing a plurality of optical channels having different characteristics which is applied to a detector to produce an output electrical signal for transmission to using devices.

摘要翻译： 波长复用的电光可控的光纤多抽头延迟线利用多路复用的多个幅度可调连续波（CW）光学激光器的第一输出信号，以形成组合的光信号，在其上施加射频信号 从而移动然后解复用的组合光信号。 多个CW激光器的第二输出信号被相位调整并与解复用的组合光信号组合以形成RF相位调制的调制光信号。 多个相位调制的调制光信号通过相关联的光延迟线并且被多路复用以形成包含具有不同特性的多个光信道的单个光信号，其被施加到检测器以产生用于传输到使用设备的输出电信号。

公开(公告)号：US5755947A

公开(公告)日：1998-05-26

申请号：US594957

申请日：1996-01-31

申请人： Robert W. McElhanon ,  William K. Burns

发明人： Robert W. McElhanon ,  William K. Burns

IPC分类号： C25D5/02

CPC分类号： C25D5/022

摘要： Underplating between a metallic plating base and a photoresist deposited reon can be reduced or eliminated by a method of fabricating a microstructure which includes the steps of: (a) depositing a plating base on the adhesion layer; (b) depositing on the plating base a sacrificial layer of a material that reduces or eliminates underplating on the plating base compared to underplating in absence of the sacrificial layer; (c) depositing a photoresist on the sacrificial layer; (d) exposing, developing and removing the exposed photoresist from the substrate to uncover a portion of the sacrificial layer; (e) removing the sacrificial layer portion from the substrate to uncover a portion of the plating base; and (f) depositing a metallic material on the uncovered plating base under the influence of electrical current.

摘要翻译： 可以通过制造微结构的方法来减少或消除金属电镀基底和沉积在其上的光致抗蚀剂之间的底层，其包括以下步骤：（a）在粘合层上沉积电镀基底; （b）在不存在牺牲层的情况下，与镀层相比，在电镀基底上沉积减少或消除镀层底部镀层的牺牲层; （c）在牺牲层上沉积光致抗蚀剂; （d）从所述衬底暴露，显影和去除所暴露的光致抗蚀剂以露出所述牺牲层的一部分; （e）从衬底去除牺牲层部分以露出电镀基底的一部分; 和（f）在电流的影响下在未覆盖的电镀基底上沉积金属材料。

公开(公告)号：US5422966A

公开(公告)日：1995-06-06

申请号：US258028

申请日：1994-06-10

申请人： Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan ,  William K. Burns

发明人： Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan ,  William K. Burns

IPC分类号： G02F1/225 ,  G02F2/00 ,  H04B10/142 ,  G02B6/12

CPC分类号： G02F1/225 ,  G02F1/2255 ,  G02F2/002 ,  H04B2210/006

摘要： An electro-optic mixer includes means for providing first and second microwave signals having first and second frequencies, respectively, a device for providing a source light, a first modulator responsive to the source light and to the first microwave signal for producing a first modulated optical signal, a second modulator cascade coupled to the first modulator and being responsive to the first modulated signal and to the second microwave signal for producing a second modulated optical signal having a frequency component at the sum or difference or both of the first and second frequencies, and means coupled between the first and second modulators for transmitting the first modulated signal to the second modulator. Each of the first and second modulators is a broadband, low drive voltage, traveling wave intensity modulator including a substrate having a first optical waveguide adapted to receive and transmit light therethrough with a first phase velocity; a buffer layer disposed on the substrate; and a coplanar waveguide electrode structure on the buffer layer for receiving an electrical signal propagating therethrough with a second phase velocity to phase modulate the light in the optical waveguide. The substrate has a sufficiently small thickness so that coplanar mode-substrate mode coupling substantially does not occur, and the coplanar waveguide electrode structure has a sufficiently large thickness so that the first and second phase velocities are equal.

摘要翻译： 电光混合器包括用于分别提供具有第一和第二频率的第一和第二微波信号的装置，用于提供源光的装置，响应源光的第一调制器和用于产生第一调制光的第一微波信号 信号，耦合到第一调制器的第二调制器级联并且响应于第一调制信号和第二微波信号，以产生具有第一和第二频率之和或差或频率分量的第二调制光信号， 以及耦合在第一和第二调制器之间的装置，用于将第一调制信号发射到第二调制器。 第一和第二调制器中的每一个是宽带低驱动电压行波强度调制器，其包括具有第一光波导的衬底，该第一光波导适于以第一相速度接收和透射光; 设置在所述基板上的缓冲层; 以及缓冲层上的共面波导电极结构，用于接收以第二相速度传播的电信号，以相位调制光波导中的光。 衬底具有足够小的厚度，使得基本上不发生共面模式 - 衬底模式耦合，并且共面波导电极结构具有足够大的厚度，使得第一和第二相速度相等。

公开(公告)号：US5195163A

公开(公告)日：1993-03-16

申请号：US766939

申请日：1991-09-27

申请人： William K. Burns ,  Catherine H. Bulmer ,  Arthur S. Greenblatt

发明人： William K. Burns ,  Catherine H. Bulmer ,  Arthur S. Greenblatt

IPC分类号： G02B6/122 ,  G02B6/125 ,  G02F1/225

CPC分类号： G02F1/225 ,  G02B6/122 ,  G02B6/125 ,  G02F2203/20

摘要： The manufacture of an optical waveguide device utilizing a fast, accurate method for tuning of the output phase angle of such devices to a desired operating point. Tuning is accomplished by adjusting the accumulated phase along a waveguide arm of the device by removing optical waveguide material using laser ablation. Due to the change in waveguide geometry in the ablated region, the optical phase velocity is changed and thus the optical path length is affected in that section of waveguide, thereby resulting in a change in output phase angle.

摘要翻译： 使用用于将这些装置的输出相位角调谐到期望的操作点的快速，精确的方法的光波导装置的制造。 通过使用激光烧蚀去除光波导材料来调节沿器件的波导臂的累积相位来实现调谐。 由于烧蚀区域中的波导几何形状的变化，光相位速度发生变化，因此光路长度受波导区域的影响，从而导致输出相位角的变化。

公开(公告)号：US5136598A

公开(公告)日：1992-08-04

申请号：US531416

申请日：1990-05-31

申请人： Joseph F. Weller ,  William K. Burns ,  Lew Goldberg

发明人： Joseph F. Weller ,  William K. Burns ,  Lew Goldberg

IPC分类号： H01S3/00 ,  H01S5/50

CPC分类号： H01S5/50 ,  H01S5/005

摘要： An apparatus for generating a relatively high-power, modulated optical beams disclosed. The apparatus comprises a first element for emitting a relatively low-power laser beam at a preselected wavelength, means for focusing the laser beam into a focused beam, a damage-resistant integrated optic modulator responsive to the focused beam for developing a modulated beam, optical means for shaping the modulated beam into a shaped modulated beam, and semiconductor means having a large active area responsive to the shaped, modulated beam for producing a relatively high-power, output modulated beam. In a first embodiment, the semiconductor means is a semiconductor amplifier which amplifies the modulated beam to produce the high-power, modulated output beam.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于产生相对高功率的调制光束的装置。 该装置包括用于以预选波长发射相对较低功率的激光束的第一元件，用于将激光束聚焦到聚焦光束的装置，响应于聚焦光束的抗损伤集成光学调制器，用于显影调制光束，光学 用于将调制的波束成形为成形的调制波束的装置，以及响应于成形的调制波束的大的有源区域的半导体装置，用于产生相对高功率的输出调制波束。 在第一实施例中，半导体装置是放大调制光束以产生高功率调制输出光束的半导体放大器。

公开(公告)号：US4968110A

公开(公告)日：1990-11-06

申请号：US472934

申请日：1990-01-31

申请人： Catherine H. Bulmer ,  William K. Burns ,  Alan D. Kersey

发明人： Catherine H. Bulmer ,  William K. Burns ,  Alan D. Kersey

IPC分类号： G02B6/10 ,  H04B10/135

CPC分类号： H04B10/25 ,  G02B6/105

摘要： An apparatus and method are disclosed for optimizing the modulation efficcy of a remotely-located, polarization-sensitive, integrated optic modulator which is addressed with a non-polarization preserving fiber link. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the polarization state of an input light beam is changed as a function of first and second control signals that are applied to the polarization controller. The non-polarization preserving fiber link conveys the light beam with the changed polarization state to the integrated optic modulator. The integrated optic modulator modulates the light beam with the changed polarization state as a function of any information signal to develop an intensity modulated optical signal. If no information signal is present, the optical signal from the modulator is not modulated. An output fiber conveys the optical signal from the integrated optic modulator to a locally-positioned detector for detection. In response to this input optical signal, the detector develops a first electrical signal that has a peak-to-peak amplitude proportional to any information signal and a second electrical signal proportional to the mean of the optical signal. This second electrical signal is utilized by a control means to controllably develop first and second control signals which force the polarization controller to change the polarization state of the input light beam so that the light beam at the input of the integrated optic modulator is maintained in a preselected polarization state in order to maintain the modulation efficiency of the integrated optic modulator at its optimum level.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于优化用非极化保留光纤链路寻址的远程定位的偏振敏感的集成光调制器的调制效率的装置和方法。 在本发明的优选实施例中，输入光束的偏振状态根据应用于偏振控制器的第一和第二控制信号而改变。 非偏振保留光纤链路将具有改变的偏振态的光束传送到集成光调制器。 集成光学调制器根据任何信息信号调制具有改变的偏振状态的光束，以产生强度调制的光信号。 如果不存在信息信号，则不调制来自调制器的光信号。 输出光纤将光信号从集成光调制器传送到本地定位的检测器进行检测。 响应于该输入光信号，检测器产生具有与任何信号信号成比例的峰 - 峰幅度和与光信号平均成比例的第二电信号的第一电信号。 该第二电信号被控制装置利用以可控制地展开第一和第二控制信号，该第一和第二控制信号迫使偏振控制器改变输入光束的偏振状态，使得集成光调制器的输入处的光束维持在 预选的极化状态，以便将集成光调制器的调制效率保持在其最佳水平。

公开(公告)号：US4607912A

公开(公告)日：1986-08-26

申请号：US558744

申请日：1983-12-07

申请人： William K. Burns ,  Carl A. Villarruel

发明人： William K. Burns ,  Carl A. Villarruel

IPC分类号： G02B6/10 ,  G02B6/18 ,  G02B6/00

CPC分类号： G02B6/105 ,  Y10S359/90

摘要： A method and means for forming an in-line integrated optical fiber polarizer comprising the steps of providing a length of highly birefringent optical fiber, and thermal tapering one or more separated but approximately adjacent small sections of that optical fiber in order to reduce the core diameter at those sections. This core diameter reduction adjusts the V-value for the fiber so that polarization-dependent transmission effects become evident at the wavelength of operation.

摘要翻译： 用于形成在线集成光纤偏振器的方法和装置包括以下步骤：提供高度双折射光纤的长度，并且对该光纤的一个或多个分开但大致相邻的小部分进行热锥形切割以便减小芯直径 在那些部分。 该芯径减小调节光纤的V值，使得在操作波长处偏振相关的透射效应变得明显。

公开(公告)号：US4128301A

公开(公告)日：1978-12-05

申请号：US782571

申请日：1977-03-29

申请人： William K. Burns ,  A. Fenner Milton

发明人： William K. Burns ,  A. Fenner Milton

IPC分类号： G02B6/28 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02B5/14

CPC分类号： G02B6/29332 ,  G02B6/2821 ,  G02B6/29344

摘要： An optical waveguide power divider which uses a two-dimensional slab waveguide. An input confined to one arm propagates to a point where synchronism between two closely adjacent guides is abruptly introduced by introducing an overlay with a fast taper. The coupled guides are here sufficiently synchronous and close together that the symmetrical and asymmetrical normal modes of the coupled structure will be excited, each with 1/2 of the input power. Synchronism is then slowly removed by tapering the overlay to zero so that mode "a" selects arm #1 while mode "b" selects arm #2. These latter changes are adiabatic, i.e., slow enough tAfter synchronism has been removed, the two arms may be spatially separated to split the power into two directions.

摘要翻译： 一种使用二维平板波导的光波导功率分配器。 限于一个臂的输入通过引入具有快速锥度的覆盖层而传播到两个相邻导轨之间的同步突然引入的点。 耦合的引导件在这里是充分同步的并且靠近在一起，使得耦合结构的对称和不对称的正常模式将被激励，每个具有1/2的输入功率。 然后通过使覆盖层逐渐变细，缓慢移除同步，使模式“a”在模式“b”选择手臂＃2时选择手臂＃1。 这些后面的改变是绝热的，即足够慢t当已经去除了同步之后，两个臂可以在空间上分离以将功率分成两个方向。