摘要:
A silica xerogel, a process for making it, and a process for using it to reduce chill haze in beer includes incorporation in the xerogel of one or more alkali metals, optionally in combination with one or more alkaline earth metals. The pH of the xerogel is between 8.0 and 10.5, preferably between 8.5 and 10.0.
摘要:
A silica xerogel, a process for making it, and a process for using it to reduce chill haze in beer includes incorporation in the xerogel of one or more alkali metals, optionally in combination with one or more alkaline earth metals. The pH of the xerogel is between 8.0 and 10.5, preferably between 8.5 and 10.0.
摘要:
A silica xerogel, a process for making it, and a process for using it to reduce chill haze in beer includes incorporation in the xerogel of one or more alkali metals, optionally in combination with one or more alkaline earth metals. The pH of the xerogel is between 8.0 and 10.5, preferably between 8.5 and 10.0.
摘要:
An adsorbent removes certain undesirable components from beverages, such as beer, and has a low beverage soluble iron (BSI) content. These undesirable components include contaminants which cause chill haze. The adsorbent includes two components, a silica component and a polyphosphate sequestering agent component, such as sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). The process for using the adsorbent involves first contacting a beverage with an adsorbent to adsorb at least a portion of the undesirable components then separating the adsorbent from the beverage. The adsorbent may be formed by one of two methods or a combination of both. The first method involves adding the polyphosphate sequestering agent to a reactant, such as a sodium or potassium silicate solution, prior to or during the gelation stage. A second method involves adding the polyphosphate sequestering agent to the water wash after a hydrogel is formed. The BSI of the adsorbent is substantially reduced using the first method, but the total iron content of the adsorbent appears to increase. The second method decreases both the BSI and the total iron content of the silica gel.
摘要:
Systems and methods are provided for treating products containing wood fibers to provide protection against wood destroying organisms and fire, and resistance against leaching of the preservative from the wood by water in exposed environments such as exterior applications. The methods involve applying to a substrate a first aqueous composition containing a boron compound, a source of zinc, and ammonia, followed by application of a second aqueous composition containing an alkali metal silicate. The compositions may be applied by vacuum and/or pressure treatment or dip treatment under atmospheric pressure.
摘要:
Compositions and methods are provided for treating wood products to provide leach-resistant protection against fungal decay, termites and other wood destroying organisms. The preservative compositions provided include ammonia-stabilized solutions of zinc and boron, preferably in a molar ratio of Zn:B of between about 0.4:1 and 5:1, and are essentially copper free. The preservative may be applied by vacuum and/or pressure treatment or dip treatment under atmospheric pressure.
摘要:
Compositions and methods are provided for treating wood products to provide leachresistant protection against fungal decay, termites and other wood destroying organisms. The preservative compositions provided include ammonia-stabilized solutions of zinc and boron, preferably in a molar ratio of Zn:B of between about 0.4:1 and 5:1, and are essentially copper free. The preservative may be applied by vacuum and/or pressure treatment or dip treatment under atmospheric pressure.
摘要:
Systems and methods are provided for treating products containing wood fibers to provide protection against wood destroying organisms and fire, and resistance against leaching of the preservative from the wood by water in exposed environments such as exterior applications. The methods involve applying to a substrate a first aqueous composition containing a boron compound, a source of zinc, and ammonia, followed by application of a second aqueous composition containing an alkali metal silicate. The compositions may be applied by vacuum and/or pressure treatment or dip treatment under atmospheric pressure.
摘要:
A silica xerogel, a process for making it, and a process for using it to reduce chill haze in beer includes incorporation in the xerogel of one or more alkali metals, optionally in combination with one or more alkaline earth metals. The pH of the xerogel is between 8.0 and 10.5, preferably between 8.5 and 10.0.
摘要:
A method for making a silica supported catalyst involves impregnating a silica component with a catalytic metal using an aqueous, alkaline bath before drying. More specifically, the method involves forming and washing a silica component, such as a silica gel or a co-gel, for example a silica-zirconia co-gel. Then, the washed silica component is contacted with the alkaline bath to effect the impregnation with the catalytic metal, such as cesium, to form an activated silica component. Subsequently, the activated silica component is dried to form the catalyst. The resulting catalysts demonstrate good mechanical strength.