公开(公告)号：US08456161B2

公开(公告)日：2013-06-04

申请号：US12439846

申请日：2007-09-05

申请人： William Happer ,  Kiyoshi Ishikawa ,  Brian Patton ,  Yuan-Yu Jau

发明人： William Happer ,  Kiyoshi Ishikawa ,  Brian Patton ,  Yuan-Yu Jau

IPC分类号： G01V3/00

CPC分类号： G01R33/282 ,  G01N24/081 ,  G01R33/4641 ,  G01R33/5601

摘要： The present invention relates to a method and system for polarizing a solid compound of interest via spin transfer from an optically-pumped alkali vapor. In one embodiment, the method provides a cell which contains a solid compound as well as pure alkali metal and some amount of buffer gas. The cell is heated to vaporize some of the pure alkali. Resonant laser light is passed through the cell to polarize the atomic vapor, a process known as “optical pumping.” Optical pumping can transfer order from photons to atoms, causing a buildup of vapor atoms in one angular momentum state. This vapor polarization is then transferred through the surface of the solid compound in order to polarize the nuclei in the bulk of the compound. This can produce nuclear polarizations in the sample many times larger than the limit set by thermal equilibrium. The method can be used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种通过旋光转移从光泵浦的碱蒸气偏振感兴趣的固体化合物的方法和系统。 在一个实施方案中，该方法提供了含有固体化合物以及纯碱金属和一定量缓冲气体的电池。 将电解槽加热以蒸发一些纯碱。 谐振激光通过电池以使原子蒸气偏振，称为“光泵”。 光泵浦可以将光子从原子转移到原子，引起蒸气原子在一个角动量状态的积聚。 然后将该蒸气极化转移通过固体化合物的表面，以使化合物的主体中的核极化。 这可以在样品中产生比通过热平衡设定的极限多许多倍的核极化。 该方法可用于核磁共振（NMR）或磁共振成像（MRI）。

公开(公告)号：US08009520B2

公开(公告)日：2011-08-30

申请号：US12116431

申请日：2008-05-07

申请人： Yuan-Yu Jau ,  Kiyoshi Ishikawa ,  William Happer

发明人： Yuan-Yu Jau ,  Kiyoshi Ishikawa ,  William Happer

IPC分类号： G04B47/00 ,  G04F5/00 ,  G01V3/00 ,  H03L7/26

CPC分类号： G04F5/14

摘要： A polarization gain medium such as an emitting laser diode provides the optical pumping. An atomic vapor cell is positioned in the laser cavity providing spontaneous push-pull optical pumping inside the laser cavity. This causes the laser beam to be modulated at hyperfine-resonance frequency. A clock signal is obtained from electrical modulation across the laser diode.

摘要翻译： 诸如发射激光二极管的偏振增益介质提供光泵浦。 原子蒸汽池位于激光腔中，提供激光腔内的自发推挽光泵浦。 这导致激光束以超精细共振频率被调制。 通过激光二极管的电调制获得时钟信号。

公开(公告)号：US07825736B2

公开(公告)日：2010-11-02

申请号：US12338044

申请日：2008-12-18

申请人： Bart H. McGuyer ,  Yuan-Yu Jau ,  William Happer

发明人： Bart H. McGuyer ,  Yuan-Yu Jau ,  William Happer

IPC分类号： H03L7/26

CPC分类号： H03L7/26 ,  G04F5/145

摘要： The present invention relates to a method and system to suppress or eliminate light shift in an optical pumping system, such as an atomic clock. The method uses modulation of a radiation source, such as a radio frequency or microwave source, to simultaneously lock the frequency of the radiation source to an atomic resonance and lock the frequency of the optical pumping source in order to suppress or eliminate light shift. In one embodiment, the method of the present invention directly utilizes the out-of-phase channel of a lock-in amplifier to additionally lock an optical pumping source to a zero-light-shift frequency, where the in-phase channel is used to lock the frequency of the radiation source to an atomic resonance.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及抑制或消除诸如原子钟的光泵系统中的光偏移的方法和系统。 该方法使用诸如射频或微波源的辐射源的调制来同时将辐射源的频率锁定到原子共振，并锁定光泵浦源的频率以便抑制或消除光偏移。 在一个实施例中，本发明的方法直接利用锁相放大器的异相信道将光泵浦源额外锁定到零点光移频，其中同相信道用于 将辐射源的频率锁定为原子共振。

公开(公告)号：US20050212607A1

公开(公告)日：2005-09-29

申请号：US11052261

申请日：2005-02-07

申请人： William Happer ,  Yuan-Yu Jau ,  Nicholas Kuzma ,  Eli Miron ,  Amber Post ,  Michael Romalis

发明人： William Happer ,  Yuan-Yu Jau ,  Nicholas Kuzma ,  Eli Miron ,  Amber Post ,  Michael Romalis

IPC分类号： H03L7/26

CPC分类号： G04F5/14 ,  G01R33/26 ,  G04F5/145 ,  H03L7/26

摘要： The present invention provides a method and apparatus for increasing the intensity of coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances, used in atomic clocks and magnetometers, by pumping the atoms with light of alternating polarization. Pumping with such light, characterized by a photon spin vector that alternates in direction at a hyperfine frequency of the atoms at the location of the atoms, is referred to as push-pull pumping. In one embodiment of the system of the present invention, alkali-metal vapor is pumped with alternating circular-polarization D1 laser light that is intensity modulated at appropriate resonance frequencies, thereby exciting CPT resonances, which can be observed as increase in the mean transmittance of the alkali-metal vapor. These resonances are substantially enhanced due to an optically-induced concentration of atoms in the resonant energy sublevels.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种用于通过用交替极化的光泵浦原子来增加在原子钟和磁力计中使用的相干群体捕获（CPT）共振的强度的方法和装置。 用这样的光泵浦，其特征在于在原子位置处的原子的超精细频率在方向上交替的光子自旋矢量被称为推挽泵浦。 在本发明的系统的一个实施例中，碱金属蒸汽用交替的圆偏振D1激光泵浦，其以适当的共振频率进行强度调制，从而激发CPT共振，这可以被观察为随着平均透射率的增加 碱金属蒸气。 由于谐振能量子层中的原子的光学诱导浓度，这些共振显着增强。

公开(公告)号：US20100301853A1

公开(公告)日：2010-12-02

申请号：US12439846

申请日：2007-09-05

申请人： William Happer ,  Kiyoshi Ishikawa ,  Brian Patton ,  Yuan-Yu Jau

发明人： William Happer ,  Kiyoshi Ishikawa ,  Brian Patton ,  Yuan-Yu Jau

IPC分类号： G01R33/44

CPC分类号： G01R33/282 ,  G01N24/081 ,  G01R33/4641 ,  G01R33/5601

摘要： The present invention relates to a method and system for polarizing a solid compound of interest via spin transfer from an optically-pumped alkali vapor. In one embodiment, the method provides a cell which contains a solid compound as well as pure alkali metal and some amount of buffer gas. The cell is heated to vaporize some of the pure alkali. Resonant laser light is passed through the cell to polarize the atomic vapor, a process known as “optical pumping.” Optical pumping can transfer order from photons to atoms, causing a buildup of vapor atoms in one angular momentum state. This vapor polarization is then transferred through the surface of the solid compound in order to polarize the nuclei in the bulk of the compound. This can produce nuclear polarizations in the sample many times larger than the limit set by thermal equilibrium. The method can be used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种通过旋光转移从光泵浦的碱蒸气偏振感兴趣的固体化合物的方法和系统。 在一个实施方案中，该方法提供了含有固体化合物以及纯碱金属和一定量缓冲气体的电池。 将电解槽加热以蒸发一些纯碱。 谐振激光通过电池以使原子蒸气偏振，一种称为“光泵浦”的过程。光泵浦可以将光子从原子转移到原子，从而在一个角动量状态下形成蒸气原子。 然后将该蒸气极化转移通过固体化合物的表面，以使化合物的主体中的核极化。 这可以在样品中产生比通过热平衡设定的极限多许多倍的核极化。 该方法可用于核磁共振（NMR）或磁共振成像（MRI）。

公开(公告)号：US07439814B2

公开(公告)日：2008-10-21

申请号：US11509357

申请日：2006-08-24

申请人： William Happer ,  Yuan-Yu Jau ,  Fei Gong

发明人： William Happer ,  Yuan-Yu Jau ,  Fei Gong

IPC分类号： H03L7/26 ,  G01V3/00

CPC分类号： G04F5/145

摘要： The present invention relates to a method and system in which multi-coherent resonances of a microwave in which the alkali-metal atoms in the ground state are driven simultaneously by a microwave hyperfine frequency ΩH and a Zeeman frequency ΩZ. The driving influences on the atom can include magnetic fields or by optically pumping light modulated by a Zeeman frequency ΩZ or a microwave hyperfine frequency ΩH or by combinations of their harmonics or subharmonics. Multi-coherent resonances permit simultaneous measurement or control of the ambient magnetic field and measurement or control of a hyperfine resonance frequency of alkali-metal atoms. In one embodiment, the hyperfine frequency for a controlled magnetic field can serve as an atomic clock frequency.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种方法和系统，其中微波中的多相共振，其中基态中的碱金属原子同时由微波超精细频率ω1 H 3和塞曼频率 欧米茄Z 。 对原子的驱动影响可以包括磁场或通过光学泵浦由塞曼频率ωωZ或微波超精细频率ωH或H或其谐波或其谐波的组合调制的光 次谐音 多相干谐振允许同时测量或控制环境磁场，并测量或控制碱金属原子的超精细共振频率。 在一个实施例中，受控磁场的超精细频率可以用作原子时钟频率。

公开(公告)号：US20100084284A1

公开(公告)日：2010-04-08

申请号：US11591909

申请日：2006-11-02

申请人： William Happer ,  Yuan-Yu Jau ,  Fei Gong ,  Katharine Estelle Jensen

发明人： William Happer ,  Yuan-Yu Jau ,  Fei Gong ,  Katharine Estelle Jensen

IPC分类号： C03B23/20 ,  C25B9/00

CPC分类号： G04F5/14

摘要： The present invention relates to a method and system for electrolytic fabrication of cells. A cell can be formed of a silicon layer (cathode) sandwiched between layers of glass. One or more holes are formed in the silicon layer. An alkali metal enriched glass material is placed in or associated with the one or more holes. Electrolysis is used to make the alkali metal ions in the alkali metal enriched glass material combine with electrons from the silicon cathode to form neutral alkali metal atoms in the one or more holes.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及电池的电解制造方法和系统。 电池可以由夹在玻璃层之间的硅层（阴极）形成。 在硅层中形成一个或多个孔。 将富含碱金属的玻璃材料放置在一个或多个孔中或与一个或多个孔相关联。 电解用于使富含碱金属的玻璃材料中的碱金属离子与来自硅阴极的电子结合，在一个或多个孔中形成中性碱金属原子。

公开(公告)号：US20090080479A1

公开(公告)日：2009-03-26

申请号：US12116431

申请日：2008-05-07

申请人： Yuan-Yu Jau ,  Kiyoshi Ishikawa ,  William Happer

发明人： Yuan-Yu Jau ,  Kiyoshi Ishikawa ,  William Happer

IPC分类号： H03B17/00

CPC分类号： G04F5/14

摘要： A polarization gain medium such as an emitting laser diode provides the optical pumping. An atomic vapor cell is positioned in the laser cavity providing spontaneous push-pull optical pumping inside the laser cavity. This causes the laser beam to be modulated at hyperfine-resonance frequency. A clock signal is obtained from electrical modulation across the laser diode.

摘要翻译： 诸如发射激光二极管的偏振增益介质提供光泵浦。 原子蒸汽池位于激光腔中，提供激光腔内的自发推挽光泵浦。 这导致激光束以超精细共振频率被调制。 通过激光二极管的电调制获得时钟信号。

公开(公告)号：US07323941B1

公开(公告)日：2008-01-29

申请号：US11284064

申请日：2005-11-21

申请人： William Happer ,  Yuan-Yu Jau

发明人： William Happer ,  Yuan-Yu Jau

IPC分类号： H03L7/26

CPC分类号： H03L7/26 ,  G01R33/26 ,  G04F5/145

摘要： The present invention provides a method and apparatus for making atomic clocks or atomic magnetometers as self-modulated laser systems based on the physics of push-pull optical pumping. An atomic vapor cell is required to be in the laser cavity. With proper conditions, spontaneous push-pull optical pumping can occur inside the laser cavity. This causes the laser beam to be modulated at hyperfine-resonance frequency. With a fast photodetector, the modulated laser signal can be converted into the electrical signal, which serves as the atomic clock ticking signal or magnetometer signal. The self-modulated laser system does not use any local oscillator and the microwave circuit to lock the oscillator frequency to the hyperfine-resonance frequency, and therefore can consume less power and become more compact than conventional systems. This invention will benefit applications of time measurements and magnetic-field measurements.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种基于推挽光泵浦物理学的原子钟或原子磁力计作为自调制激光系统的方法和装置。 原子蒸汽池需要在激光腔中。 在适当的条件下，激光腔内部会发生自发的推挽光泵浦。 这导致激光束以超精细共振频率被调制。 利用快速光电探测器，调制后的激光信号可以转换为电信号，用作原子钟滴定信号或磁力计信号。 自调制激光系统不使用任何本地振荡器和微波电路将振荡器频率锁定到超精细共振频率，因此可以消耗更少的功率并变得比常规系统更紧凑。 本发明将有益于时间测量和磁场测量的应用。

公开(公告)号：US20070075794A1

公开(公告)日：2007-04-05

申请号：US11509357

申请日：2006-08-24

申请人： William Happer ,  Yuan-Yu Jau ,  Fei Gong

发明人： William Happer ,  Yuan-Yu Jau ,  Fei Gong

IPC分类号： H01S1/06

CPC分类号： G04F5/145

摘要： The present invention relates to a method and system in which multi-coherent resonances of a microwave in which the alkali-metal atoms in the ground state are driven simultaneously by a microwave hyperfine frequency ΩH and a Zeeman frequency ΩZ. The driving influences on the atom can include magnetic fields or by optically pumping light modulated by a Zeeman frequency ΩZ or a microwave hyperfine frequency ΩH or by combinations of their harmonics or subharmonics. Multi-coherent resonances permit simultaneous measurement or control of the ambient magnetic field and measurement or control of a hyperfine resonance frequency of alkali-metal atoms. In one embodiment, the hyperfine frequency for a controlled magnetic field can serve as an atomic clock frequency.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种方法和系统，其中微波中的多相共振，其中基态中的碱金属原子同时由微波超精细频率ω1 H 3和塞曼频率 欧米茄Z 。 对原子的驱动影响可以包括磁场或通过光学泵浦由塞曼频率ωωZ或微波超精细频率ωH或H或其谐波或其谐波的组合调制的光 次谐音 多相干谐振允许同时测量或控制环境磁场，并测量或控制碱金属原子的超精细共振频率。 在一个实施例中，受控磁场的超精细频率可以用作原子时钟频率。