公开(公告)号：US5412207A

公开(公告)日：1995-05-02

申请号：US133592

申请日：1993-10-07

申请人： Alexander J. Micco ,  Donald G. Ellis ,  Norman W. Baer

发明人： Alexander J. Micco ,  Donald G. Ellis ,  Norman W. Baer

IPC分类号： G01N27/62 ,  G01N27/64 ,  H01J49/04 ,  H01J49/14 ,  H01J49/42 ,  B01D59/44 ,  H01J49/00

CPC分类号： H01J49/0422 ,  H01J49/08 ,  H01J49/147 ,  H01J49/4215

摘要： A method and gas analysis system for a mass spectrometer including an ion pump for creating an internal vacuum within said mass spectrometer, an ionization chamber, an inlet passage through which a gas sample is introduced into the ionization chamber, valve means associated with the inlet passage for controlling the volume of gas sample introduced into the ionization chamber, a filament for introducing electrons into the ionization chamber whereby the electrons bombard the gas sample thus forming ions, an extractor plate positioned adjacent the ionization chamber and biased such that a proportion of ions and electrons are allowed to pass through the extractor plate, a quadrupole filter into which the ions and electrons are directed by the extractor plate, the quadrupole filter operative to permit a stream of ions with a pre-selected mass-to-charge ratio to pass through the filter and ions other than those having the pre-selected mass-to-charge ratio being separated from the stream of ions, means for directing electrons toward ions other than those having the pre-selected mass-to-charge ratio in the area of said quadrupole filter so that the electrons combine with the ions, a sensor for detecting the stream of ions passing through the quadrupole filter, and analyzing means connected with the sensor for analyzing the components of the gas sample.

摘要翻译： 一种用于质谱仪的方法和气体分析系统，包括用于在所述质谱仪内产生内部真空的离子泵，离子化室，将气体样本引入电离室的入口通道，与入口通道相关的阀装置 用于控制引入电离室的气体样品的体积，用于将电子引入离子化室的细丝，由此电子轰击气体样品从而形成离子;提取器板，其位于电离室附近并被偏置，使得一部分离子和 允许电子通过提取器板，由提取器板引导离子和电子的四极过滤器，用于允许具有预先选定的质荷比的离子流通过的四极过滤器 除了具有预选的质荷比的那些之外的过滤器和离子与i的流分离 用于将电子引向除了在所述四极滤波器的区域中具有预选质量 - 电荷比的那些之外的离子的电子，使得电子与离子结合，用于检测通过四极杆的离子流的传感器 过滤器和分析装置，与传感器连接，用于分析气体样品的组分。

公开(公告)号：US4018241A

公开(公告)日：1977-04-19

申请号：US619441

申请日：1975-10-03

申请人： Ingvar E. Sodal ,  Lars Hoivik ,  Alexander J. Micco ,  John V. Weil ,  Norman W. Baer

发明人： Ingvar E. Sodal ,  Lars Hoivik ,  Alexander J. Micco ,  John V. Weil ,  Norman W. Baer

IPC分类号： H01J49/04 ,  H01J49/14 ,  F16K31/02

CPC分类号： H01J49/0495 ,  H01J49/147 ,  Y10T137/0396 ,  Y10T137/7761

摘要： A method and inlet control system for controlling a gas flow sample to an evacuated chamber such as found in a mass spectrometer, is disclosed. The system utilizes a short inlet passage having an effective opening determined by a tapered diamond or steel tip needle adjacent to the inlet passage. The needle is positionally adjusted with respect to the inlet passage by being mounted on a piezoelectric crystal which is flexed by coupling thereto an electric potential derived by sensing the ions at the ionization chamber of a mass spectrometer, for example, and developing therefrom an electric signal indicative of the total pressure within the ionization chamber. The signal coupled to the piezoelectric crystal is preferably a pulse-width modulated signal with the needle maintaining the inlet passage closed except during the time that the piezoelectric crystal is flexed due to a received pulse. A vacuum pump, and a quadrupole filter, both of which are relatively small, are also disclosed, so that a mass spectrometer system, for example, is sufficiently compact so as to be useful, in conjunction with a respiratory valve, for the analysis of respiratory gases. The method for controlling a gas sample flow to a mass spectrometer, for example, comprises providing an inlet for a gas sample into the ionization chamber of the mass spectrometer, monitoring the pressure within the ionization chamber and developing an electrical signal indicative thereof, and utilizing the developed electrical signal to control the flow of gas sample through the inlet to maintain a substantially constant pressure within the ionization chamber.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于将气体样品控制到诸如在质谱仪中发现的抽真空室的方法和入口控制系统。 该系统利用具有由与入口通道相邻的锥形金刚石或钢尖端针确定的有效开口的短入口通道。 针通过安装在压电晶体上而相对于入口通道进行位置调整，该压电晶体通过与例如通过感测质谱仪的电离室处的离子耦合而产生的电位而弯曲，并从其显影电信号 指示电离室内的总压力。 耦合到压电晶体的信号优选地是脉冲宽度调制信号，除了在压电晶体由于接收到的脉冲而弯曲的时间之内，针保持入口通道关闭。 还公开了两者都相对较小的真空泵和四极过滤器，使得例如质谱仪系统足够紧凑，以便与呼吸阀一起用于分析 呼吸气体。 例如，用于控制气体样品流到质谱仪的方法包括：将气体样品的入口提供到质谱仪的离子化室中，监测电离室内的压力并显示指示其的电信号，以及利用 开发的电信号以控制气体样品通过入口的流动，以在电离室内保持基本恒定的压力。

公开(公告)号：US5313947A

公开(公告)日：1994-05-24

申请号：US247715

申请日：1988-09-22

申请人： Alexander J. Micco

发明人： Alexander J. Micco

IPC分类号： A61B1/00 ,  A61B8/06 ,  A61B8/08 ,  A61B8/12 ,  G01S15/58 ,  G01S15/89

CPC分类号： A61B8/06 ,  A61B8/08 ,  A61B8/12 ,  A61B8/488 ,  G01S15/584 ,  G01S15/586 ,  G01S15/8979

摘要： A frequency to voltage converter including input terminals for receiving a stream of pulses with either fixed or variable time intervals between pulses, means for producing a voltage that varies as an inverse function of the time interval between the pulses applied thereto, first means responsive to the pulses of the stream of pulses for sampling the voltage output of the voltage producing means, and second means responsive to the pulses of the stream of pulses for applying input pulses to the voltage producing means subsequent to the sampling of the voltage output thereof by the first means whereby each sample voltage output of the sampling means is proportional to a frequency corresponding to a time interval between sequentially applied pulses.

摘要翻译： 一种频率到电压转换器，包括用于接收脉冲之间的固定或可变时间间隔的脉冲流的输入端子，用于产生作为施加到其之间的脉冲之间的时间间隔的反函数而变化的电压的装置，第一装置响应于 用于对电压产生装置的电压输出进行采样的脉冲流的脉冲，以及响应于脉冲流的脉冲的第二装置，用于在其第一个电压输出的电压输出采样之后向电压产生装置施加输入脉冲 装置，其中采样装置的每个采样电压输出与对应于顺序施加的脉冲之间的时间间隔的频率成比例。

公开(公告)号：US4819652A

公开(公告)日：1989-04-11

申请号：US699676

申请日：1985-02-08

申请人： Alexander J. Micco

发明人： Alexander J. Micco

IPC分类号： A61B1/00 ,  A61B8/06 ,  A61B8/08 ,  A61B8/12 ,  G01S15/58 ,  G01S15/89 ,  A61B10/00

CPC分类号： A61B8/06 ,  A61B8/08 ,  A61B8/12 ,  G01S15/584 ,  G01S15/586 ,  G01S15/8979

摘要： In an interlaced pulse-echo and range-gated Doppler system, an ultrasound transmitter generates a train of constant repetition rate echo pulse interlaced with a Doppler pulse train of plural bursts. The time duration between each burst and the preceding range gate opening is held constant while the time to the successive range gate opening is automatically varied to provide a continuously variable PRF tracking of the console range gate depth setting. The power of the transmitted signal is internally varied in the same sense and the cutoff frequency of the receiver low pass tracking filters is varied in the opposite sense to optimize signal-to-noise ratio at various tissue inspection depths. Selectable turnable high pass filters normalized to low velocity roll-off eliminate artifact for peripheral or central vascular probes. The detection system operates in quadrature and includes a synchronous demodulator and a peak detector, and a level detector operative on peak detected signals. Transducer probes interchangeably usable in the system include within each probe a narrow band amplifier critically turned to the respective probe crystal to provide further S/N ratio improvement. The system is operable in CW or pulsed Doppler modes dependent on switch setting on the split crystal probe.

摘要翻译： 在隔行脉冲回波和范围门控多普勒系统中，超声波发射器产生与多个脉冲串的多普勒脉冲串隔行的恒定重复率回波脉冲串。 每个脉冲串与前一范围门开度之间的持续时间保持恒定，同时连续范围门开启的时间自动变化，以提供控制台范围门深度设置的连续可变的PRF跟踪。 发射信号的功率在同一意义上是内部变化的，并且接收器低通跟踪滤波器的截止频率在相反的意义上是变化的，以在各种组织检测深度处优化信噪比。 标准化为低速滚降的可选择的可转换高通滤波器消除外围或中心血管探针的伪影。 检测系统工作正交，包括一个同步解调器和一个峰值检测器，以及在峰值检测信号上工作的电平检测器。 在系统中可互换使用的传感器探针包括在每个探针内，窄带放大器临时转向相应的探针晶体以提供进一步的S / N比改善。 根据分离晶体探头上的开关设置，该系统可在CW或脉冲多普勒模式下工作。