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    Process for the gasification of carbonaceous materials
    2.
    发明授权
    Process for the gasification of carbonaceous materials 失效
    碳质材料气化工艺

    公开(公告)号：US4229185A

    公开(公告)日：1980-10-21

    申请号：US630557

    申请日：1975-11-10

    申请人： Allan Sass

    发明人： Allan Sass

    IPC分类号： C10J1/207 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/62

    CPC分类号： C10J1/207 ,  C10J3/466 ,  C10J3/485 ,  C10J3/62 ,  C10J3/66 ,  C10J3/721 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2300/0906 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/1662 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1823 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892

    摘要： Carbonaceous material is gasified in a first pyrolysis zone substantially in an absence of free oxygen by heating with a solid heating media. The carbonaceous material is conducted through the first pyrolysis zone in turbulent flow to provide for the rapid transfer of heat to effect the gasification.Gaseous products are recovered while char products are introduced into a second pyrolysis zone for additional gasification. The second pyrolysis zone is maintained substantially free of free oxygen. Gasification in the second pyrolysis zone is effected by the transfer of heat from a heating media to the char products produced in the first pyrolysis zone.Gaseous products from the second pyrolysis zone are recovered.The char products from the second pyrolysis zone can be heated to a temperature sufficient for use as a solid heating media.The gaseous product from the first pyrolysis zone, after separation from the char product, can be cooled to a lower temperature to condense a liquid product therefrom.Liquid products produced can be recycled to the pyrolysis zones to produce additional gaseous products. The gaseous product from the second pyrolysis zone can be used as a conveying gas for the carbonaceous feed, char products, and recycle char.A portion of the char product and the gaseous product can be converted to methane for the production of pipeline gas.

    摘要翻译： 通过用固体加热介质加热，碳质材料在基本上不存在游离氧的第一热解区中气化。 碳质材料通过湍流中的第一热解区进行，以提供快速转移热量以实现气化。 气态产物被回收，而焦炭产物被引入第二个热解区以进行另外的气化。 第二热解区基本上不含游离氧。 第二热解区中的气化通过将热量从加热介质转移到在第一热解区中产生的炭产物来实现。 回收来自第二热解区的气态产物。 可以将来自第二热解区的炭产物加热到足以用作固体加热介质的温度。 来自第一热解区的气态产物在与焦炭产物分离后可被冷却到较低温度以冷凝液体产物。 所生产的液体产品可以再循环到热解区产生额外的气态产物。 来自第二热解区的气态产物可用作碳质进料，炭产物和再循环炭的输送气体。 焦炭产物和气体产物的一部分可以转化成甲烷，用于生产管道气体。

    Method for bulking full a retort
    3.
    发明授权
    Method for bulking full a retort 失效
    填充蒸馏器的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4449753A

    公开(公告)日：1984-05-22

    申请号：US383508

    申请日：1982-06-01

    申请人： Thomas E. Ricketts ,  Allan Sass

    发明人： Thomas E. Ricketts ,  Allan Sass

    IPC分类号： E21B43/247 ,  E21B43/248 ,  E21C41/10

    CPC分类号： E21B43/248 ,  E21C41/24

    摘要： A method for forming an in situ oil shale retort in a subterranean formation containing oil shale is provided. The in situ oil shale retort has top, bottom, and generally vertically extending side boundaries of unfragmented formation and contains a body of expanded oil shale formation that completely fills the retort to its top boundary. The retort is bulked full by explosively expanding a layer above a fragmented permeable mass of formation particles forming part of the body of expanded formation in the retort. The layer is expanded with an available void fraction of no more than about ten percent.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种在含有油页岩的地层中形成原位油页岩蒸馏器的方法。 原位油页岩蒸馏器具有顶部，底部和大致垂直延伸的未分层地层的边界，并且包含一个完全填充蒸馏器到其顶部边界的膨胀油页岩形成体。 通过在蒸馏器中爆炸性膨胀形成部分膨胀结构体的成形颗粒的可渗透层的层，使蒸馏罐充满。 该层膨胀，可用空隙率不超过约百分之十。

    Process for reducing the organic sulfur content of char
    5.
    发明授权
    Process for reducing the organic sulfur content of char 失效
    减少焦炭有机硫含量的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4155715A

    公开(公告)日：1979-05-22

    申请号：US830742

    申请日：1977-09-06

    申请人： Allan Sass ,  Hans F. Bauer ,  Norman W. Green

    发明人： Allan Sass ,  Hans F. Bauer ,  Norman W. Green

    IPC分类号： C10L9/00 ,  C10L9/10 ,  C10B57/00

    CPC分类号： C10L9/00

    摘要： This invention covers an improved hydrodesulfurization process which significantly reduces the organic sulfur content of char by first magnetically or electrostatically removing iron sulfides and precursors of iron sulfides from char and then hydrodesulfurizing the remaining char.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涵盖了改进的加氢脱硫方法，其通过首先磁性或静电除去铁中的硫化铁和硫化铁前体，然后对剩余的焦炭进行加氢脱硫，显着降低焦炭的有机硫含量。

    Process for the gasification of carbonaceous materials
    6.
    发明授权
    Process for the gasification of carbonaceous materials 失效
    碳质材料气化工艺

    公开(公告)号：US4322222A

    公开(公告)日：1982-03-30

    申请号：US183777

    申请日：1980-09-03

    申请人： Allan Sass

    发明人： Allan Sass

    IPC分类号： C10J1/207 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/62

    CPC分类号： C10J1/207 ,  C10J3/466 ,  C10J3/485 ,  C10J3/62 ,  C10J3/721 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2300/0909 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1659 ,  C10J2300/1662 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1823 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  Y02E50/32

    摘要： Carbonaceous material is gasified in a first pyrolysis zone substantially in an absence of free oxygen by heating with a solid heating media. The carbonaceous material is conducted through the first pyrolysis zone in turbulent flow to provide for the rapid transfer of heat to effect the gasification.Gaseous products are recovered while char products are introduced into a second pyrolysis zone for additional gasification. The second pyrolysis zone is maintained substantially free of free oxygen. Gasification in the second pyrolysis zone is effected by the transfer of heat from a heating media to the char products produced in the first pyrolysis zone.Gaseous products from the second pyrolysis zone are recovered.The char products from the second pyrolysis zone can be heated to a temperature sufficient for use as a solid heating media.The gaseous product from the first pyrolysis zone, after separation from the char product, can be cooled to a lower temperature to condense a liquid product therefrom.Liquid products produced can be recycled to the pyrolysis zones to produce additional gaseous products. The gaseous product from the second pyrolysis zone can be used as a conveying gas for the carbonaceous feed, char products, and recycle char.A portion of the char product and the gaseous product can be converted to methane for the production of pipeline gas.

    摘要翻译： 通过用固体加热介质加热，碳质材料在基本上不存在游离氧的第一热解区中气化。 碳质材料通过湍流中的第一热解区进行，以提供快速转移热量以实现气化。 气态产物被回收，而焦炭产物被引入第二个热解区以进行另外的气化。 第二热解区基本上不含游离氧。 第二热解区中的气化通过将热量从加热介质转移到在第一热解区中产生的炭产物来实现。 回收来自第二热解区的气态产物。 可以将来自第二热解区的炭产物加热到足以用作固体加热介质的温度。 来自第一热解区的气态产物在与焦炭产物分离后可被冷却到较低温度以冷凝液体产物。 所生产的液体产品可以再循环到热解区产生额外的气态产物。 来自第二热解区的气态产物可用作碳质进料，炭产物和再循环炭的输送气体。 焦炭产物和气体产物的一部分可以转化成甲烷，用于生产管道气体。

    Rock bolting techniques for forming an in situ oil shale retort
    7.
    发明授权
    Rock bolting techniques for forming an in situ oil shale retort 失效
    用于形成原位油页岩蒸馏器的岩石螺栓技术

    公开(公告)号：US4281877A

    公开(公告)日：1981-08-04

    申请号：US90634

    申请日：1979-11-02

    申请人： Allan Sass

    发明人： Allan Sass

    IPC分类号： E21B43/247 ,  E21B43/263 ,  E21C41/24 ,  E21C41/10

    CPC分类号： E21B43/247 ,  E21B43/263 ,  E21C41/24

    摘要： A subterranean formation containing oil shale is prepared for in situ retorting by forming a fragmented permeable mass of formation particles containing oil shale in an in situ oil shale retort site. Formation is initially excavated from the retort site for forming one or more voids extending horizontally across the retort site, leaving a zone of unfragmented formation adjacent such a void. In one ambodiment, an array of rocks bolts are anchored in at least a portion of the roof adjacent such a void for providing reinforcement of unfragmented formation above the void. Vertical blasting holes are drilled in the zone of unfragmented formation adjacent the void. Explosive is placed in the blasting holes and detonated for explosively expanding the zone of unfragmented formation toward the void, including the rock bolted portion of the roof, for forming at least a portion of a fragmented permeable mass of formation particles containing oil shale in an in situ oil shale retort. Surprisingly, the rock bolting does not interfere with, and in some instances can improve, fragmentation compared with comparable blasts without such rock bolts. The reinforcement provided by the rock bolts can reduce or eliminate the need for roof support pillars in horizontal voids at intermediate levels of the retort site.

    摘要翻译： 通过在原位油页岩蒸馏站点形成含有油页岩的破碎的可渗透物质的形成颗粒，制备含有油页岩的地层，用于原位蒸馏。 最初从蒸馏站挖掘出形成一个或多个水平延伸穿过蒸馏区的空隙，留下一个与这样一个空隙相邻的未碎片地层。 在一个实施例中，一组岩石螺栓锚固在与这种空隙相邻的屋顶的至少一部分中，用于在空隙上方提供未碎片地层的加强。 在与空隙相邻的未碎片地层的区域内钻出垂直的爆破孔。 爆炸物被放置在爆破孔中并被引爆以将未碎片地层的区域爆炸性地扩大到空隙，包括屋顶的岩石螺栓部分，以形成至少一部分含有油页岩的碎片渗透物质的地层颗粒 原油油页岩蒸馏器。 令人惊讶的是，与没有这种岩石螺栓的可比爆破相比，岩石锚固不会干扰并且在一些情况下可以改善碎裂。 由岩石螺栓提供的钢筋可减少或消除在蒸馏部位中间水平空隙处的屋顶支撑柱的需要。