摘要:
A planar fuel cell module including a module base unit having a plurality of recesses each adapted to receive a fuel cell therein is described. The recesses can disposed in a linear or two-dimensional planar arrangement. The module base unit also includes a strip conductor for providing electrical connection to the fuel cells. A fuel cell including an anode structure and a cathode structure is received in each of the recesses of the modular base unit. The fuel cells are disposed in each of the recesses such that the fuel cells form fit to a contour of each of the recesses. In some embodiments the anode structure and the cathode structure can be disposed offset at an angle relative to one another and can be accessible from the same side of the fuel cell. A very thin overall arrangement of a fuel cell is provided.
摘要:
An access method for accessing a protected communication service via a public communication network by using a secure communication network, whereby the secure communication network is based on user groups, including defining an access group having access to the communication service based on the user groups of the secure communication network, generating a group key for all members of the access group, providing the group key to a member of the access group via the secure communication network, and accessing the communication service via the public communication network using the group key, is provided. A communication system including a secure communication network based on user groups, a public communication network, a protected communication service, and an access server for managing access rights to the communication service, whereby the communication system implements the above method is further provided.
摘要:
A device and a method to determine a position of a component that is moveable in a linear manner along an assigned axis are provided. A reference element that extends in a direction of the assigned axis is assigned to the component. The component may be brought into mechanical contact with the reference element. A respective piezo transducer is arranged on the reference element to generate and receive vibrations in a material used for the reference element.
摘要:
An apparatus couples mechanical energy in the form of wide-range mechanical vibrations to a piezo sensor, especially a multi-layer piezo sensor, for converting the mechanical energy into electric energy. The apparatus has a housing onto which the mechanical energy acts in the form of the vibrations, and a vibrating mass provided within the housing. The vibrating mass is clamped with at least two piezo sensor units in the housing. An apparatus thus adapts a piezo sensor energy converter for a wide range of frequencies and amplitudes of mechanical vibrations.
摘要:
A piezoelectric component with at least one fully active piezoelement has electrode layers and interposed piezoelectric layers guided to a lateral edge of the piezoelement and contacted there. An insulating layer applied for electric contacting has an electric through-plating. An electrically conductive gas-phase deposition layer is applied directly to the electrode layer guided up to the lateral surface of the piezoelement by way of deposition from the gas phase in order to improve electric contacting. An external electrode is applied to the gas-phase deposition layer. In the case of several superposed stacked piezoelements (piezoactuator in multi-layer design), the external electrode functions as a collector electrode which connects the electrode layers to each other. The structure enables secure contacting of the electrode layers. A fully active piezoceramic multi-layer actuator with the described contacting may be used in automobile technology for activating fuel-injection valves.
摘要:
A method for producing a correlation between a first state of a piezoelectric component (1, 20) comprising a piezoceramic element and a second state of the component comprises the following steps: a) a first group of components respectively in the first state is prepared (101), b) at least one defined characteristic of each component of the first group is determined (102), c) the piezoceramic element of the components of the first group is polarised, and a corresponding component of a second group in the second state is thus created from each component of the first group (103), d) at least one defined characteristic of each component of the second group is determined (104), and e) the correlation is produced by comparing the defined characteristics of each component of the first group with the defined characteristic of the corresponding component of the second group (105).
摘要:
A device and a method to determine a position of a component that is moveable in a linear manner along an assigned axis are provided. A reference element that extends in a direction of the assigned axis is assigned to the component. The component may be brought into mechanical contact with the reference element. A respective piezo transducer is arranged on the reference element to generate and receive vibrations in a material used for the reference element.
摘要:
The present invention relates to an access method for accessing a protected communication service via a public communication network by means of a secure communication network, whereby the secure communication network is based on user groups, comprising the steps of defining an access group having access to the communication service based on the user groups of the secure communication network, generating a group key for all members of the access group, providing the group key to a member of the access group via the secure communication network, and accessing the communication service via the public communication network using the group key. The present invention further relates to a communication system comprising a secure communication network based on user groups, a public communication network, a protected communication service, and an access server for managing access rights to the communication service, whereby the communication system is adapted to execute the above method.
摘要:
A piezoelectric actuator (1) with an improved stroke capability, achieved by the utilization of the deformation characteristics of specially structured piezoceramic layers (10) and the simultaneous influence of a mechanical pre-stress and an electric field. A method for producing the piezoelectric actuators (1) is described. The piezoelectric actuators are suitable for a low-voltage operation, for example in the fields of biotechnology and medical technology (micro-pumps, micro-valves), industrial electronics (pneumatic valves) and the fields of micro-actuators and micro-motors.
摘要:
A piezoactuator, includes at least one stacked piezoelement, with at least two electrode layers, arranged one over the other along a stacking direction of the piezoelement, at least one piezoelectric layer, arranged between two of the electrode layers and at least one pre-tensioning device, for introduction of force into a volume of the piezoelectric layer via at least one force introduction surface on the piezoelectric layer, which is arranged on at least one of the surface sections facing the pretensioning device. The force introduction surface is smaller than the surface section of the piezoelectric layer and the volume is a partial volume of the piezoelectric layer. The production of the piezoactuator is achieved by introduction of a force into the partial volume of the piezoelectric layer via the force introduction surface on the piezoelectric layer.