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1.发明授权Process for reducing levels of microorganisms in pumpable food products using a high pulsed voltage system 失效使用高脉冲电压系统降低可泵送食品中微生物含量的方法
公开(公告)号：US5514391A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-07
申请号：US481849
申请日：1995-06-07
CPC分类号： A23L3/005 , A23L3/22 , A23L3/32 , C02F1/48 , C02F2103/003 , C02F2303/04
摘要： The present invention is directed to methods and apparatuses for preserving fluid foodstuffs. More particularly, it is directed to methods and apparatuses for extending the shelf life of perishable fluid foodstuffs such as dairy products, fruit juices and liquid egg products, which contain significant levels of microorganisms. The improved methods and apparatuses incorporate a plurality of electric field treatment zones with cooling units between each pair of treatment zones in order to maintain the temperature of the pumpable foodstuff at a level at which microorganisms are killed in sufficient numbers and at which changes in the flavor, appearance, odor, or functionality of the foodstuff remain within acceptable ranges. For a comparable microorganism kill, foodstuffs prepared by the present process have significantly higher quality than foodstuffs prepared with standard thermal processes (e.g., ultra-high temperature pasteurization).
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于保存流体食品的方法和装置。 更具体地，涉及用于延长含有显着水平微生物的易腐食品如乳制品，果汁和液体蛋制品的保质期的方法和装置。 改进的方法和装置包括多个电场处理区域，每个处理区域之间具有冷却单元，以便将可泵送食品的温度保持在足够数量的杀死微生物的水平，并且其中的风味变化 ，食品的外观，气味或功能保持在可接受的范围内。 对于相当的微生物杀灭，通过本方法制备的食品比用标准热处理（例如超高温巴氏消毒）制备的食品具有显着更高的质量。
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2.发明授权Prevention of electrode fouling in high electric field systems for killing microorganisms in food products 失效防止高电场系统中的电极污染，杀死食品中的微生物
公开(公告)号：US5393541A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-28
申请号：US178745
申请日：1994-01-06
IPC分类号： A23L3/32
摘要： Microorganisms are killed in a food product using an electrode placed into electrical contact with the food product, a charge supply circuit, a switch that selectively couples the charge supply circuit to the electrode, and a controller. The switch first configures the charge supply circuit so as to deliver a charge to the electrode when the switch assumes a first state, and next configures the charge supply circuit so as to absorb the charge from the electrode when the switch assumes a second state. As a result, a net charge delivered to the electrode is substantially zero. The controller controls the switch to sequentially assume the first and second states. The delivery of the zero net charge prevents the fouling of the electrode.
摘要翻译： 微生物在食品中被杀死，使用与食品电接触的电极，充电供应电路，选择性地将电荷供应电路连接到电极的开关和控制器。 开关首先配置充电电路，以便当开关处于第一状态时向电极输送电荷，接下来构成充电电路，以便当开关处于第二状态时从电极吸收电荷。 结果，输送到电极的净电荷基本为零。 控制器控制开关顺序地呈现第一和第二状态。 零净电荷的传送可防止电极结垢。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5447733A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-05
申请号：US354233
申请日：1994-12-08
IPC分类号： A23L3/32
摘要： Microorganisms are deactivated in a food product using an electrode placed into electrical contact with the food product. A current signal is applied to the electrode during a specified time period, causing a deactivating charge to build up on the first electrode. An electrical field results from the deactivating charge having an electric field strength of at least 5,000 volts/cm. Substantially all of a residual charge is removed from the first electrode during a discharge period, such that an approximately zero net charge is delivered to the first electrode following the discharge period, thereby reducing electrophoretic side-effects. The current signal causes an electrical double layer at the electrode to charge to a prescribed voltage. One embodiment, the prescribed voltage does not exceed a reaction voltage of a prescribed reacting material species for more than a prescribed threshold period, thereby reducing electrochemical reactions within the food product.
摘要翻译： 使用与食品电气接触的电极在食品中使微生物失活。 电流信号在规定的时间内被施加到电极，导致在第一电极上形成去激活电荷。 电场的电场强度至少为5000伏/厘米，导致电场产生。 在放电期间，基本上所有的剩余电荷都从第一电极去除，使得在放电周期之后将大约零的净电荷输送到第一电极，从而降低电泳副作用。 电流信号使电极处的双电层充电到规定的电压。 一个实施方案中，规定的电压不超过规定的反应物质的反应电压超过规定的阈值时间，从而减少食品内的电化学反应。
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4.发明授权High-strength-electric-field pumpable-food-product treatment in a serial-electrode treatment cell 失效串联电极处理电池中的高强度电场可泵送 - 食品处理
公开(公告)号：US06110423A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-29
申请号：US20266
申请日：1998-02-06
CPC分类号： A23L3/32 , A61L2/0011 , A61L2/02 , C02F1/48 , C02F2303/04 , Y10S99/14
摘要： A system for deactivating organisms in a food product employs a first electrode; an insulator section coupled to the first electrode, wherein the insulator section includes an insulator pinch, an opening, and a transition region interposed thereinbetween, and wherein the opening has a larger cross-sectional area than the insulator pinch, the insulator section including a cavity, passing through the insulator pinch, the transition region, and the opening, wherein the food product is contained during deactivating of organisms; and a second electrode coupled to the insulator section, wherein the first electrode is positioned on a first side of the insulator pinch, and the second electrode is positioned on a second side of the insulator pinch, whereby an electric field formed between the first electrode and the second electrode, when a voltage is applied across the first electrode and the second electrode, passes through the insulator pinch.
摘要翻译： 用于使食品中生物体失活的系统采用第一电极; 绝缘体部分，其耦合到所述第一电极，其中所述绝缘体部分包括绝缘体夹紧，开口和介于其间的过渡区域，并且其中所述开口具有比所述绝缘体夹持件更大的横截面面积，所述绝缘体部分包括空腔 穿过绝缘体夹紧，过渡区域和开口，其中在生物体失活期间包含食品; 以及耦合到所述绝缘体部分的第二电极，其中所述第一电极位于所述绝缘体夹持件的第一侧上，并且所述第二电极位于所述绝缘体夹紧的第二侧上，由此形成在所述第一电极和 当跨越第一电极和第二电极施加电压时，第二电极通过绝缘体挤压。
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公开(公告)号：US6027754A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-22
申请号：US107114
申请日：1998-06-30
CPC分类号： A23L3/32
摘要： A deactivation approach for deactivating microorganisms in a high-strength-electric field treatment system, can be characterized as an apparatus for reducing microorganism levels in products. The apparatus has an inlet tube of substantially uniform cross-sectional area extending from a distance before a treatment zone to at least into the treatment zone; a substantially ogival electrode nose positioned in the treatment zone; and an outer electrode forming an interior of the inlet tube in the treatment zone. The treatment system can be employed in a method having steps of flowing the product through an inlet tube of substantially uniform cross-sectional area extending from a distance before a treatment zone to at least into the treatment zone; flowing the product between a substantially ogival electrode nose positioned in the treatment zone, and an outer electrode forming an interior of the inlet tube in the treatment zone; and applying at least one high strength electric field pulse to the product during transit through the treatment zone.
摘要翻译： 用于在高强度电场处理系统中去活微生物的失活方法可以被表征为用于降低产品中的微生物水平的装置。 该设备具有从处理区域之间的距离至少进入处理区域的基本上均匀的横截面积的入口管; 位于治疗区域中的基本上是漂浮的电极鼻; 以及在处理区中形成入口管内部的外电极。 该处理系统可以用于一种方法，该方法具有使产品流过从处理区域之间的距离至少进入处理区域的基本上均匀横截面积的入口管的步骤; 使产品在位于处理区域中的基本上流动的电极鼻和在处理区中形成入口管内部的外电极之间流动; 以及在通过处理区域的过境期间，将至少一个高强度电场脉冲应用于产品。
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