公开(公告)号：US4541837A

公开(公告)日：1985-09-17

申请号：US207616

申请日：1980-11-17

Applicant: John H. R. Norton ,  Peter R. Rebello ,  Clifford M. Kavonic ,  Anthony J. Stiff

Inventor： John H. R. Norton ,  Peter R. Rebello ,  Clifford M. Kavonic ,  Anthony J. Stiff

IPC: F02M25/00 ,  C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/02 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/22

CPC classification number: C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/026

Abstract: The invention concerns a fuel comprising a mixture of (A) at least one alcohol with an average molecular weight of less than 160, and (B) at least one further organic compound which has a spontaneous ignition temperature of less than 450.degree. C. The further organic compound is(1) a compound which contains one or more oxygen atoms but no nitrogen atoms, with the proviso that, (1.1) the compound is not a dialkoxy compound of formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 indicate hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals with up to 4 C-atoms, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals with up to 4 C-atoms; or(2) a compound which contains one or more nitrate groups and one or more ether linkages, or(3) a nitrogen-containing organic compound selected from the group consisting of azo compounds, tetrazines, nitroso compounds, nitro compounds, nitrates, and hyponitrites, with the proviso that component (B) is not entirely a linear or branched-chain alkyl nitrate containing between 2 and 8 carbon atoms.There are the provisos that, when the alcohol is methanol, the component (B) is not(a) a polyether of the general formula R[O(A).sub.n H]m wherein R represents hydrogen or a residue of an organic compound, which is built up of hydrogen and carbon and optionally oxygen and which has from 1 to 12 hydrogen atoms, which can be reacted with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide; A represents independently of each other a group derived from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide; m is a number from 1-12, and n has such a value that the total number of units derived from ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide is 4-400, and is not(b) a polyether soluble in methanol and which contains 4-400 oxyalkylene units, derived from ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, wherein said oxyalkylene units constitute at least 40 percent by weight of the polyether.

公开(公告)号：US4853157A

公开(公告)日：1989-08-01

申请号：US620624

申请日：1984-06-14

Applicant: Anthony J. Stiff

Inventor： Anthony J. Stiff

IPC: C07C67/00 ,  C07C201/00 ,  C07C201/02 ,  C07C203/02 ,  C07C203/04

CPC classification number: C07C201/02

Abstract: A process for the preparation of nitric acid esters of organic hydroxy compounds by reacting an organic hydroxy compound with nitric acid in the presence of both sulphuric acid and in a solvent, followed by separating off the spent acid, substantially neutralizing the residual acidity of the organic solution, and removing solvent to leave the organic nitrate. From 95% to 220% of the stoichiometric requirement of nitric acid for complete nitration is used. The mole ratio of water to sulphuric acid at the end of the reaction is from 0.2:1 to 2.5:1. From 200 to 2000 ml of solvent per mole of hydroxy group is present. Yields of at least 92% are obtained. The invention is particularly suitable for the preparation of alkyl nitrates, alkylene or polyalkylene glycol, monoalkyl ether mononitrates, alkylene or polyalkylene glycol dinitrates, diol nitrates, nitrates containing homocyclic or heterocyclic rings, or nitrates derived from polyols.

Abstract translation: 通过有机羟基化合物与硝酸在硫酸和溶剂中的存在下反应制备有机羟基化合物的硝酸酯的方法，然后分离废酸，基本中和有机羟基化合物的残余酸度 溶液和去除溶剂以留下有机硝酸盐。 使用硝酸完全硝化的化学计量要求的95％至220％。 反应结束时水与硫酸的摩尔比为0.2：1至2.5：1。 存在每摩尔羟基200至2000ml溶剂。 产率至少为92％。 本发明特别适用于制备烷基硝酸盐，亚烷基或聚亚烷基二醇，单烷基醚单硝酸盐，亚烷基二醇二烷基二醇酯，二醇硝酸盐，含有环状或杂环的硝酸盐，或衍生自多元醇的硝酸盐。

公开(公告)号：US4541835A

公开(公告)日：1985-09-17

申请号：US352880

申请日：1982-02-26

Applicant: John H. R. Norton ,  Peter R. Rebello ,  Clifford M. Kavonic ,  Anthony J. Stiff

Inventor： John H. R. Norton ,  Peter R. Rebello ,  Clifford M. Kavonic ,  Anthony J. Stiff

IPC: F02M25/00 ,  C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/02 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/22

CPC classification number: C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/026

Abstract: The invention concerns a fuel comprising a mixture of (A) at least one alcohol with an average molecular weight of less than 160, and (B) at least one further organic compound which has a spontaneous ignition temperature of less than 450.degree. C. The further organic compound is selected from(i) compounds which contain one nitrate group and at least two ether linkages, and(ii) compounds which contain two nitrate groups and at least one ether linkage.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种燃料，其包含（A）至少一种平均分子量小于160的醇的混合物，和（B）至少一种其自身着火温度低于450℃的另外的有机化合物。 另外的有机化合物选自（i）含有一个硝酸根基团和至少两个醚键的化合物，和（ii）含有两个硝酸根基团和至少一个醚键的化合物。