摘要:
In a process for purification of ethylene oxide by distillation an aqueous mixture comprising ethylene oxide, formaldehyde and at least 5% by weight of water is introduced via a feed into a distillation apparatus comprising at least one distillation column, the mixture being introduced at a height above the bottom of at least 8 theoretical stages, the ethylene oxide is taken off at the top and in the bottom phase a mixture is obtained which contains less than 5% by weight of ethylene oxide.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for obtaining anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid, in which firstly aqueous formic acid is produced by hydrolysis of methyl formate, with the methanol content in the methyl formate having been reduced in advance. The process according to the invention has the special feature that—before the hydrolysis of the methyl formate—the methanol content of the methanol-containing methyl formate is reduced in a distillation column, this distillation column simultaneously being employed for other separation functions during work-up of the formic acid.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for obtaining anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid in which, during the work-up, a compound of the general formula I where the radicals R1 and R2 are alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl groups, or R1 and R2 jointly, together with the N atom, form a heterocyclic 5- or 6-membered ring, and only one of the radicals is an aryl group, and where R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C4-alkyl group, is employed simultaneously as extractant for formic acid and as antifoam for a distillation process.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for the preparation of anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid. The process has the special feature that a liquid of the general formula I where the radicals R1 and R2 are alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl groups, or R1 and R2 jointly, together with the N atom, form a heterocyclic 5- or 6-membered ring, and only one of the radicals is an aryl group, and where R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C4-alkyl group, employed as extractant is also employed as washing liquid for the offgases produced in the process.
摘要:
The invention relates to an apparatus and a process for the preparation of anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid. This apparatus is constructed partly or entirely of substantially zirconium-free materials. The extractant employed is a liquid of the general formula I where the radicals R1 and R2 are alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl groups, or R1 and R2 jointly, together with the N atom, form a heterocyclic 5- or 6-membered ring, and only one of the radicals is an aryl group, and where R3 is hydrogen or a C1–C4-alkyl group. The apparatus has a synthesis reactor (6), a hydrolysis reactor (1), three distillation devices (2,4,5) and an extraction device (3).
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for obtaining anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid, in which firstly aqueous formic acid is prepared by hydrolysis of methyl formate and is freed from water in the subsequent work-up. The process has the special feature that steam, which is employed for the hydrolysis of methyl formate and for heating a distillation column serving for work-up, is also used as stripping steam for waste-water stripping. The stripped waste water is produced during work-up.
摘要:
A process for distilling ethylene oxide out of a mixture including ethylene oxide in a column at an absolute pressure of from 2 to 10 bar and a temperature of 20 to 180.degree. C. by withdrawing pure ethylene oxide in the liquid or gaseous state overhead or via a sidestream in the rectifying section of the column includes effecting the distillation in a column having on its inside a plurality of successive zones of structured sheet-metal packing or dumped beds of packing elements, these zones being assigned one or more extinguishing systems on the outside of the column.
摘要:
A process for preparing hydroxyl-containing polymers and, in particular, a process for preparing polytetrahydrofuran with terminal hydroxyl groups from the corresponding acyloxy-containing polymers by transesterification with alcohols is carried out continuously in at least one stirred vessel, with the foam produced in the transesterification being fed tangentially to a cylindrical container, preferably a cyclone separator, at an adequate velocity to destroy the foam. The liquid phase which separates out is recycled through a line to the at least one stirred vessel.This continuous process is preferably carried out in a cascade of stirred vessels, in which each stirred vessel or a subunit of at least two stirred vessels can in each case be coupled to a cylindrical container, preferably in the form of a cyclone separator.
摘要:
A process for working up a liquid reaction discharge of the cationic polymerization of isobutene, which substantially comprises polyisobutene, unconverted isobutene and, if required, an inert diluent, is described. Problems with foam formation when the unconverted isobutene is being distilled off are avoided if the heated reaction discharge is let down into a flash container and/or not more than 900 m3/h of vapor are expelled per square meter of liquid surface and/or the resulting foam is destroyed, for example in a wet cyclone.
摘要:
A polyisobutene composition having a global maximum of the differential molecular weight distribution curve at a molecular weight Mmax of from 3 500 to 8 000 is described, which comprises at least one local maximum at a molecular weight of from 112 to 560. The isobutene oligomers present act as flow improvers and boiling assistants. They are added to higher molecular weight isobutene polymers, preferably before or in the course of a distillation, for removing unconverted isobutene and/or an inert diluent.