Circulating Mutant DNA to Assess Tumor Dynamics
    4.
    发明申请
    Circulating Mutant DNA to Assess Tumor Dynamics 审中-公开
    循环突变体DNA评估肿瘤动力学

    公开(公告)号:US20100041048A1

    公开(公告)日:2010-02-18

    申请号:US12512585

    申请日:2009-07-30

    IPC分类号: C12Q1/68

    摘要: DNA containing somatic mutations is highly tumor specific and thus, in theory, can provide optimum markers. However, the number of circulating mutant gene fragments is small compared to the number of normal circulating DNA fragments, making it difficult to detect and quantify them with the sensitivity required for meaningful clinical use. We apply a highly sensitive approach to quantify circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in body samples of patients. Measurements of ctDNA can be used to reliably monitor tumor dynamics in subjects with cancer, especially those who are undergoing surgery or chemotherapy. This personalized genetic approach can be generally applied.

    摘要翻译: 含有体细胞突变的DNA具有高度的肿瘤特异性,因此在理论上可以提供最佳的标记。 然而,循环突变基因片段的数量与正常循环DNA片段的数量相比较小,使得难以用有意义的临床使用所需的灵敏度来检测和量化它们。 我们应用高度敏感的方法来量化患者身体样本中的循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)。 ctDNA的测量可用于可靠地监测癌症患者的肿瘤动态,特别是正在接受手术或化疗的患者。 这种个性化的遗传方法一般可以应用。

    Digital Quantification of DNA Methylation
    7.
    发明申请
    Digital Quantification of DNA Methylation 审中-公开
    DNA甲基化的数字定量

    公开(公告)号:US20120164638A1

    公开(公告)日:2012-06-28

    申请号:US13263020

    申请日:2010-04-06

    IPC分类号: C12Q1/68 C07H21/04

    摘要: Abnormal DNA methylation can be used as a biomarker in cancer patients. For such purposes, it is important to determine precisely the fraction of methylated molecules in an analyzed sample. A technology we term Methyl-BEAMing achieves this goal. Individual bisulfite-treated DNA molecules can be PCR-amplified within aqueous nanocompartments containing beads, resulting in a population of beads each containing thousands of copies of the template molecule. After hybridization with probes specific for methylated sequences, the beads can be analyzed by flow cytometry. This approach enables detection and enumeration of one methylated molecule in a population of ˜5000 unmethylated molecules. Methyl-BEAMing provides digital quantification of rare methylation events and is generally applicable to the assessment of methylated genes in clinical samples.

    摘要翻译: DNA甲基化异常可用作癌症患者的生物标志物。 为此目的,重要的是精确测定分析样品中甲基化分子的分数。 我们称之为甲基BEAMing的技术实现了这一目标。 单独的亚硫酸氢盐处理的DNA分子可以在含有珠粒的含水纳米间隔内进行PCR扩增,导致每个珠粒群含有数千份拷贝的模板分子。 与特异于甲基化序列的探针杂交后,可以通过流式细胞术分析珠粒。 这种方法能够检测和计数一个约5000个非甲基化分子的群体中的一个甲基化分子。 甲基BEAMing提供罕见甲基化事件的数字量化,通常适用于临床样品中甲基化基因的评估。

    Safe sequencing system
    9.
    发明授权
    Safe sequencing system 有权
    安全排序系统

    公开(公告)号:US09476095B2

    公开(公告)日:2016-10-25

    申请号:US14111715

    申请日:2012-04-12

    IPC分类号: C12Q1/68 C07H21/02

    摘要: The identification of mutations that are present in a small fraction of DNA templates is essential for progress in several areas of biomedical research. Though massively parallel sequencing instruments are in principle well-suited to this task, the error rates in such instruments are generally too high to allow confident identification of rare variants. We here describe an approach that can substantially increase the sensitivity of massively parallel sequencing instruments for this purpose. One example of this approach, called “Safe-SeqS” for (Safe-Sequencing System) includes (i) assignment of a unique identifier (UID) to each template molecule; (ii) amplification of each uniquely tagged template molecule to create UID-families; and (iii) redundant sequencing of the amplification products. PCR fragments with the same UID are truly mutant (“super-mutants”) if ≧95% of them contain the identical mutation. We illustrate the utility of this approach for determining the fidelity of a polymerase, the accuracy of oligonucleotides synthesized in vitro, and the prevalence of mutations in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of normal cells.

    摘要翻译: 存在于DNA模板的一小部分中的突变的鉴定对于在几个生物医学研究领域的进展是必不可少的。 尽管大规模并行测序仪器原则上非常适合于此任务,但是这些仪器中的错误率通常太高,无法确定罕见的变体。 我们在这里描述了一种可以显着增加大规模并行测序仪器对此目的的灵敏度的方法。 这种方法的一个例子是(Safe-Sequencing System),称为“Safe-SeqS”,包括(i)将唯一标识符(UID)分配给每个模板分子; (ii)每个唯一标记的模板分子的扩增以产生UID家族; 和(iii)扩增产物的冗余测序。 具有相同UID的PCR片段是真实的突变体(“超突变体”),如果其≥95%含有相同的突变。 我们说明了这种方法用于确定聚合酶的保真度,体外合成的寡核苷酸的准确性以及正常细胞的核和线粒体基因组中突变的流行率的效用。

    Integrated analyses of breast and colorectal cancers
    10.
    发明授权
    Integrated analyses of breast and colorectal cancers 有权
    乳腺癌和结肠直肠癌的综合分析

    公开(公告)号:US08709723B2

    公开(公告)日:2014-04-29

    申请号:US13461268

    申请日:2012-05-01

    IPC分类号: C12Q1/66 C12P19/34 C07H21/02

    CPC分类号: C12Q1/6886 C12Q2600/156

    摘要: Genome-wide analysis of copy number changes in breast and colorectal tumors used approaches that can reliably detect homozygous deletions and amplifications. The number of genes altered by major copy number changes—deletion of all copies or amplification of at least twelve copies per cell—averaged thirteen per tumor. These data were integrated with previous mutation analysis of the Reference Sequence genes in these same tumor types to identify genes and cellular pathways affected by both copy number changes and point alterations. Pathways enriched for genetic alterations include those controlling cell adhesion, intracellular signaling, DNA topological change, and cell cycle control. These analysis provide an integrated view of copy number and sequencing alterations on a genome-wide scale and identify genes and pathways that are useful for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

    摘要翻译: 使用可以可靠地检测纯合缺失和扩增的方法对乳腺和结肠直肠肿瘤的拷贝数变化进行全基因组分析。 通过主要拷贝数变化改变的基因数量 - 全部拷贝的缺失或每个细胞至少12个拷贝的扩增,平均每个肿瘤13个。 这些数据与以前相同肿瘤类型的参考序列基因的突变分析结合起来,以鉴定受拷贝数变化和点变化影响的基因和细胞途径。 富含遗传改变的途径包括控制细胞粘附,细胞内信号转导,DNA拓扑变化和细胞周期控制的途径。 这些分析提供了在全基因组范围内的拷贝数和测序改变的综合视图,并确定了可用于癌症诊断和治疗的基因和途径。