摘要:
An electrophotographic apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging device and a developing device, wherein the charging device comprises a conductive member arranged to be capable of contacting the electrophotographic photosensitive member, a conductive layer of the conductive member comprises a matrix domain structure, at least a part of the domains Dt is exposed at the conductive member outer surface, the matrix has a volume resistivity R1 of larger than 1.00×1012 Ω·cm, the domains Dt has a volume resistivity of smaller than R1, the developing device comprises the toner, domains Dc formed of the crystalline material exist in a cross section of the toner, distances between adjacent wall surfaces of the domains Dc is from 30 to 1,100 nm, and a weight-average particle diameter D4 of the toner and distances Dms between adjacent wall surfaces between the domains Dt satisfies D4≥Dms.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer in this order, the charge transport layer containing a charge transport material. The charge transport layer is a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member and contains a polycarbonate resin having a structural unit selected from group A and a structural unit selected from group B (groups A and B defined in the disclosure).
摘要:
Provided are an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which a residual potential hardly increases at the time of image formation, a pattern memory hardly occurs, and the crack of a conductive layer hardly occurs, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member. To this end, the conductive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a titanium oxide particle coated with tin oxide doped with phosphorus, a tin oxide particle doped with phosphorus, and a binding material, and when a total volume of the conductive layer is represented by VT, a total volume of the titanium oxide particle coated with tin oxide doped with phosphorus in the conductive layer is represented by V1P, and a total volume of the tin oxide particle doped with phosphorus in the conductive layer is represented by V2P, the VT, the V1P, and the V2P satisfy the following expressions: 2≦{(V2P/VT)/(V1P/VT)}×100≦25 and 15≦{(V1P/VT)+(V2P/VT)}×100≦45.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a laminated body, and a hole transporting layer formed on the laminated body, wherein the laminated body is a laminated body having a conductive support, an electron transporting layer and a charge generating layer. When an impedance is measured by forming a circular-shaped gold electrode having a thickness of 300 nm and a diameter of 10 mm on a surface of the charge generating layer of the laminated body by sputtering, and applying an alternating electric field of 100 mV and 0.1 Hz between the conductive support and the gold electrode, the laminated body of the electrophotographic photosensitive member satisfies the following expression (1): R_opt/R_dark≦0.95 (1)
摘要:
A toner including a toner particle containing a binder resin, wherein the binder resin contains a crystalline resin, and in viscoelasticity measurement of the toner with Tp being a peak temperature of an endothermic peak derived from the crystalline resin in DSC of the toner, given G′(Tp−5, 0.01 Hz) as a storage modulus at a temperature of Tp−5° C. and a frequency of 0.01 Hz, G′(Tp−5, 10 Hz) as a storage modulus at a temperature of Tp−5° C. and a frequency of 10 Hz, and G′(Tp−30, 10 Hz) as a storage modulus at a temperature of Tp−30° C. and a frequency of 10 Hz, the following formulae are satisfied: G′(Tp−30,10 Hz)/G′(Tp−5,0.01 Hz)≤1.40 G′(Tp−5,10 Hz)/G′(Tp−5,0.01 Hz)≤2.20.
摘要:
An electrophotographic apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging device and a developing device, wherein the charging device comprises a conductive member arranged to be capable of contacting the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the conductive layer at the outer surface of the conductive member comprises a matrix and a plurality of domains dispersed in the matrix, at least some of the domains are exposed at the outer surface of the conductive member, the matrix has a volume resistivity R1 of larger than 1.00×1012 Ω·cm, the volume resistivity R1 of the matrix is 1.0×105 times or more a volume resistivity R2 of the domains, the developing device comprises the toner comprising a toner particle and a silica fine particle, and a coverage ratio of the toner surface with the silica fine particles is from 62.0% by area to 100.0% by area as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
摘要:
A toner comprising a toner particle containing a resin and a colorant, wherein, with respect to a temperature-storage elastic modulus curve obtained by powder dynamic viscoelastic measurement on the toner, (I) the relative minimum values for the variation in the storage elastic modulus E′ with respect to temperature T in the temperature range of at least 30° C. and not more than 180° C. have a relative minimum value of equal to or less than −1.00×107 and the relative minimum value on the lowest temperature side is equal to or less than −1.00×108; (II) the storage elastic modulus E′ (50) of the toner at 50° C. is at least 1.00×109 and not more than 9.00×109; and (III) for a storage elastic modulus E′ (120) of the toner at 120° C., E′ (50) and E′ (120) satisfy 1.50≤[E′ (50)]/[E′ (120)]≤3.00.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer in this order, the charge transport layer containing a charge transport material. The charge transport layer is a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member and contains a polycarbonate resin having a structural unit selected from group A and a structural unit selected from group B (groups A and B defined in the disclosure).
摘要:
Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member, including: a support; an undercoat layer formed on the support; and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer, in which the undercoat layer includes a cured product of a composition including (i) an isocyanate compound having a structure represented by the following specific formula (1), (ii) at least one resin selected from a polyvinyl acetal and an acrylic polyol; and (iii) a compound represented by any one of the specific formulae (A1) to (A8).
摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a laminated body, and a hole transporting layer formed on the laminated body, wherein the laminated body is a laminated body having a conductive support, an electron transporting layer and a charge generating layer. When an impedance is measured by forming a circular-shaped gold electrode having a thickness of 300 nm and a diameter of 10 mm on a surface of the charge generating layer of the laminated body by sputtering, and applying an alternating electric field of 100 mV and 0.1 Hz between the conductive support and the gold electrode, the laminated body of the electrophotographic photosensitive member satisfies the following expression (1): R_opt/R_dark≦0.95 (1)