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公开(公告)号：US4948225A
公开(公告)日：1990-08-14
申请号：US419984
申请日：1989-10-11
CPC分类号： G02F1/0118 , G02F1/011 , G02F1/195 , Y10T428/31504
摘要： A nonlinear optical article for the controlled propagation of electromagnetic radiation is disclosed. The article includes a reflective metal layer having a thickness in the range of from 100 to 1000 .ANG. and work function in the range of from 2.5 to 4.5 eV, an optical coupler, a dielectric medium comprised of a poled polymeric layer exhibiting a glass transition temperature of at least 50.degree. C. and a second order polarization susceptibility greater than 10.sup.-9 electrostatic units, and means for variably applying an electrical potential to a surface of the dielectric medium remote from the reflective metal layer. A protective metal fluoride or oxide layer having a thickness of less than 0.1 .mu.m is interposed between the reflective metal layer and the poled polymeric layer.
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公开(公告)号：US4955977A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-11
申请号：US419819
申请日：1989-10-11
CPC分类号： G02F1/065 , Y10T428/31504
摘要： An optical article for the propagation of electromagnetic radiation is disclosed comprised of an electrically conductive support on which a poled polymeric film exhibiting a glass transition temperature of at least 80.degree. C. and a second order polarization susceptibility greater than 10.sup.-9 electrostatic units is formed. A layer for enhancing the transmission of electromagnetic radiation is interposed between the electrically conductive support and the poled polymeric film. The transmission enhancement layer is an amorphous layer of at least 0.5 .mu.m in thickness having a refractive index less than that of the polymeric film and a resistance less than 10 times that of the polymeric film. The transmission enhancement layer being comprised of a mixture of (a) at least one metal oxide or fluoride and (b) a low molecular weight aromatic compound.
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公开(公告)号：US5075796A
公开(公告)日：1991-12-24
申请号：US583620
申请日：1990-09-17
摘要： An optical article capable of modulating the reflection of polarized monochromatic electromagnetic radiation is disclosed comprising a reflective metal layer having a thickness of less than 0.5 .mu.m, means acting as a support for directing polarized electromagnetic radiation to the reflective metal layer, a dielectric layer interposed between the support and the reflective metal layer having a refractive index less than that of the support and a thickness in the range of from 0.1 to 10 times the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation directed toward the reflective metal layer, an electrooptic medium that exhibits a refractive index which is a function of an applied electrical potential, and a counter electrode. The optical article is characterized in that it is capable of modulating the reflection of polarized monochromatic electromagnetic radiation from differing wavelength sources to produce a multicolor image. To this end, the reflective metal layer is divided into a plurality of electrically isolated zones each intended to be addressed by electromagnetic radiation from a different wavelength source, the dielectric layer exhibits a different thickness adjacent each of the zones, the counter electrode is divided into electrically isolated zones, and the article additionally includes means for focusing reflected polarized electromagnetic radiation from each of the zones on a common target area. The invention particularly lends itself to producing multicolor images in photographic elements.
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公开(公告)号：US5157541A
公开(公告)日：1992-10-20
申请号：US583638
申请日：1990-09-17
IPC分类号： C07D213/69 , C07D209/48 , C07D275/06 , C07D277/66 , G02F1/01 , G02F1/19
CPC分类号： G02F1/195
摘要： An optical article capable of modulating the reflection of polarized monochromatic electromagnetic radiation is disclosed comprised of a reflective metal layer, means acting as a support for directing the electromagnetic radiation to the reflective metal layer, an electrooptic medium that exhibits a refractive index which is a function of an applied electrical potential, and a counter electrode. At least one of the reflective metal layer and the counter electrode taking the form of laterally spaced segments. The reflective metal layer has a thickness of less than 0.5 .mu.m, and a dielectric layer having a thickness in the range of from 0.1 to 10 times the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation and comprised of at least one metal oxide, metal fluoride, or low molecular weight aromatic compound is coated on the support. The electrooptic medium is a polymeric layer coated on the reflective metal layer exhibiting a second order polarization susceptibility greater than 10.sup.-9 electrostatic units and comprised of polar aligned molecular dipoles having an electron donor moiety linked through a conjugated .pi. bonding system to an electron acceptor moiety. The polymeric layer exhibits a refractive index which differs from that of the dielectric layer by less than 20 percent in the absence of an applied electrical potential.
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公开(公告)号：US4971426A
公开(公告)日：1990-11-20
申请号：US419817
申请日：1989-10-11
CPC分类号： G02F1/0118 , B82Y30/00 , G02F1/195
摘要： An optical article is disclosed capable of modulating the reflection of electromagnetic radiation containing a reflective metal layer having a thickness of less than 0.5 .mu.m, an optical coupler for directing polarized electromagnetic radiation to the reflective metal layer and serving as a support for the device, a first dielectric layer interposed between the reflective metal layer and the support having a thickness in the range of from 0.1 to 10 times the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation, a second dielectric layer adjacent the reflective metal layer exhibiting a refractive index which differs from that of the first dielectric layer by less than 20 percent and can adjusted by an applied electrical potential gradient, and means for variably applying an electrical potential to a surface of the second dielectric layer remote from the reflective metal layer. The second dielectric layer is a polymeric layer coated on the reflective metal layer exhibiting a second order polarization susceptibility greater than 10.sup.-9 electrostatic units and comprised of polar aligned molecular dipoles having an electron donor moiety linked through a conjugated .pi. bonding system to an electron acceptor moiety.
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公开(公告)号：US08889983B2
公开(公告)日：2014-11-18
申请号：US12963669
申请日：2010-12-09
申请人： Christopher B. Rider
发明人： Christopher B. Rider
IPC分类号： H01L31/052 , H01L31/055
CPC分类号： G02B19/0042 , G02B19/0019 , G02B27/148 , H01L31/0525 , H01L31/0543 , H01L31/0547 , H01L31/055 , Y02E10/52
摘要： A solar concentrator device comprising a solar concentrator element comprising a radiation transmissive surface, a radiation absorptive material and a radiation concentrating/collection point and disposed on the incident radiation side thereof a recapture element for recapturing at least a portion of radiation lost from the concentrator element has improved solar radiation collection efficiency by reintroducing recaptured radiation into the concentrator element or by propagating said recaptured radiation through the recapture element to a radiation concentration point associated with the recapture element. It has been found that planar elements having a grooved or corrugated outer surface make for very good recapture elements for planar concentrator elements.
摘要翻译： 一种太阳能集中器装置，包括太阳能集中器元件，其包括辐射透射表面，辐射吸收材料和辐射集中/收集点，并且在入射辐射侧具有再捕获元件，用于重新捕获从聚光元件损失的至少一部分辐射 通过将再捕获的辐射重新引入聚光器元件或通过将再捕获的辐射通过再捕获元件传播到与再捕获元件相关联的辐射集中点来提高太阳辐射收集效率。 已经发现，具有开槽或波纹外表面的平面元件为非常好的用于平面集中器元件的重新捕获元件。
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公开(公告)号：US08529026B2
公开(公告)日：2013-09-10
申请号：US13257377
申请日：2010-03-09
IPC分类号： B41J2/02
CPC分类号： B01L3/502715 , B01F13/0062 , B01F13/0076 , B01F13/0079 , B01L2300/0861 , B05B7/0408 , B41J2/02 , Y10S435/808 , Y10S436/805 , Y10S436/809 , Y10T436/117497 , Y10T436/118339 , Y10T436/25
摘要： A method and device for passively periodically perturbing the flow field within a microfluidic device to cause regular droplet formation at high speed.
摘要翻译： 用于被动地周期性地扰乱微流体装置内的流场以使高速下形成规则的液滴的方法和装置。
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公开(公告)号：US06508928B2
公开(公告)日：2003-01-21
申请号：US09854158
申请日：2001-05-11
IPC分类号： C25B1502
摘要： The invention relates to a method for controlling the recovery of a metal, such as silver, from a solution flowing through an electrolytic cell. A constant current is applied between the anode and cathode of the cell and the rate of change of the voltage monitored, the information obtained from the monitored change of voltage being used to control the rate of recovery of the metal.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及从流过电解池的溶液中控制金属如银的回收方法。 在电池的阳极和阴极之间施加恒定电流，并且监测所监视的电压的变化率，从用于控制金属回收速率的监视的电压变化获得的信息。
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9.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06349751B1
公开(公告)日：2002-02-26
申请号：US09714894
申请日：2000-11-16
IPC分类号： B65B104
CPC分类号： C25C7/06
摘要： A system and method are provided for the safe removal of a wet, fully-plated cathode from a silver recovery cell and its replacement by a fresh cathode. The fresh cathode is brought to the recovery cell in a transport housing, which is then docked thereto. A drip tray is unfolded from the transport housing so as to extend across and surround the top of the recovery cell. The fresh cathode is removed from the transport housing and put to one side. The used cathode is removed from the recovery cell, preferably by being attached to the lid which is unscrewed therefrom. The cathode is then transferred to the housing over the drip tray which catches any liquid falling therefrom. The used cathode is screwed into the transport housing, and the housing removed to a refiner for safe disposal, whilst the fresh electrode is screwed onto the recovery cell.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种系统和方法，用于从银回收池安全地除去湿的，完全镀覆的阴极，并且由新鲜阴极替代。 新鲜的阴极被带到运输箱中的回收池中，然后将其对接。 滴水盘从运输箱展开，以便延伸穿过并围绕回收池的顶部。 将新鲜阴极从运输箱中取出并放在一侧。 将所用的阴极从回收池中取出，优选通过附着在从其上拧下的盖子上。 然后将阴极转移到捕获其上落下的任何液体的滴水盘上的壳体。 将所用的阴极拧入输送壳体中，并将壳体移至精磨机进行安全处置，同时将新鲜电极拧到回收池上。
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公开(公告)号：US20140376098A1
公开(公告)日：2014-12-25
申请号：US14481964
申请日：2014-09-10
申请人： Christopher B. Rider
发明人： Christopher B. Rider
IPC分类号： G02B19/00 , G02B27/14 , H01L31/055
CPC分类号： G02B19/0042 , G02B19/0019 , G02B27/148 , H01L31/0525 , H01L31/0543 , H01L31/0547 , H01L31/055 , Y02E10/52
摘要： A solar concentrator device comprising a solar concentrator element comprising a radiation transmissive surface, a radiation absorptive material and a radiation concentrating/collection point and disposed on the incident radiation side thereof a recapture element for recapturing at least a portion of radiation lost from the concentrator element has improved solar radiation collection efficiency by reintroducing recaptured radiation into the concentrator element or by propagating said recaptured radiation through the recapture element to a radiation concentration point associated with the recapture element. It has been found that planar elements having a grooved or corrugated outer surface make for very good recapture elements for planar concentrator elements.
摘要翻译： 一种太阳能集中器装置，包括太阳能集中器元件，其包括辐射透射表面，辐射吸收材料和辐射集中/收集点，并且在入射辐射侧具有再捕获元件，用于重新捕获从聚光元件损失的至少一部分辐射 通过将再捕获的辐射重新引入聚光器元件或通过将再捕获的辐射通过再捕获元件传播到与再捕获元件相关联的辐射集中点来提高太阳辐射收集效率。 已经发现，具有开槽或波纹外表面的平面元件为非常好的用于平面集中器元件的重新捕获元件。
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