摘要:
A positional measuring laser interferometer splits a laser beam into a measuring beam and a correcting beam. Each of these beams is further split into a measurement beam and a reference beam. The reference beams travel along a fixed length path of fixed optical properties. Each of the measurement beams travels along respective optical paths in air adjacent each other so that they travel in air having substantially the same changing optical properties, such as the fraction index, preferably with the paths differing in length by a fixed amount regardless of the movement of the object to be measured. The reference beam and measurement beam, for each of the measuring and correcting beams, form an interference pattern that is detected to produce respective outputs correlated to positional information of the object and subjected to positional error due to changing refraction index of air. These two information signals are combined, preferably with a reference refraction index and a reference object position, to obtain a positional information signal of the object that is independent of varying optical characteristics of air. The solid/air interface surface for the interferometer, with respect to the measurement beams, is fixed in position independently of thermal or like expansion of the interferometer by an adjacent abutment surface spring biased into a fixed base abutment surface, which abutment surfaces are generally coplanar with the solid/air interface surface and perpendicular to the path of the measurement beams in air.
摘要:
The magnitude of displacement of an object to-be-measured is measured by projecting light beams on the object to-be-measured and a reference plane and utilizing the interference of lights reflected therefrom. The reflected lights from the object to-be-measured and the reference plane have their phase difference changed cyclically and forcibly. The discontinuous change of the magnitude of phase shift at the moment at which the phase difference of the two reflected lights caused by the displacement of the object to-be-measured has been compensated, and the magnitude of displacement of the object to-be-measured is found from the counted result of the discontinuous changes and the magnitude of phase shift at the moment at which the phase difference has been compensated.
摘要:
A physical quantity measuring apparatus in which the measurement range of the physical quantity such as displacement, pressure or the like can be widened. Laser beams different in wavelength are radiated through an optical fiber onto a diaphragm and the light reflected on the diaphragm and the light reflected on a reference face opposite to the diaphragm are returned to the optical fiber so that the distance between the reference face and the diaphragm which is transformed, and hence a pressure difference, is measured by a light interference method. The quantity of displacement of the diaphragm is measured optically by using laser beams different in wavelength from each other so that it is possible to make the measurement accuracy high and to effect measurement in a wide range with respect to a physical quantity such as displacement, pressure, or the like, without being influenced by a change in characteristic of the optical fiber.
摘要:
Light from a light source is fed to a sensing probe through a polarization plane-reserving fiber, and is split into two light beams, that is, a reference beam and a measurement beam. The reference beam is passed through a reference medium, and the measurement beam is passed through a pressure-sensitive medium, which may be in the form of gas. Then, the reference beam and the measurement beam are fed to a light-receiving portion via the polarization plane-reserving fiber, and are converted into electrical signals. The electrical signals are inputted into a signal processing portion, and the optical path length difference between the reference and measurement beams, passed through their respective mediums, is determined, and the pressure of the pressure-sensitive medium is detected from this optical path length difference.
摘要:
A light beam is projected on a reference plane and an object to-be-measured, a phase difference between reflected lights from them is changed by a phase shifter, a drive voltage for causing the change of the phase difference is applied to the phase shifter, a magnitude of phase shift of the phase of the reflected lights is detected by a phase shift detector on the basis of the drive voltage at a point of time at which the change of the phase difference of the reflected lights has been compensated, and an up pulse or down pulse is generated by an up-down pulse generator upon detecting a discontinuous change in the magnitude of phase shift attributed to the displacement of the object to-be-measured, while a pulse is generated by another pulse generator upon sensing a change in brightness of an interference signal of the reflected lights attributed to the displacement of the object to-be-measured. Besides, a mode selecting circuit supplies the output of the up-down pulse generator to a counter when a displacement speed of the object to-be-measured is lower than a reference speed, whereas it supplies the output of the other pulse generator to the counter when the displacement speed is higher than the reference speed. The displacement of the object to-be-measured is measured by utilizing an output of the counter.
摘要:
A water quality meter is composed of a plurality of water quality monitoring meters including analyzing units for analyzing water samples introduced from a water distribution pipe, each analyzing unit analyzing the water samples and a measuring cell, and a liquid introducing unit integrated with the analyzing units, which is composed of a single member in which a plurality of fluid flow paths for feeding various types of liquid including the water sample into the analyzing unit are formed. Furthermore, the cells and the plurality of three-dimensional fluid flow paths formed in the single member are fabricated by a micro-fabrication technique using photo-curing resin.
摘要:
There are disclosed an automatic focusing apparatus and an automatic focusing method for an optical disk apparatus. The present automatic focusing apparatus comprises a light source for outputting an optical beam to be focused; a focusing optical system for focusing the optical beam to be focused onto a desired position by using a photorefractive crystal having a lens effect; a device for forming a refractive-index distribution forming beam having a predetermined intensity distribution and outputting the beam onto the photorefractive crystal to generate a lens effect in the photorefractive crystal; a control beam outputting device for outputting a control beam onto the photorefractive crystal to control the lens effect caused by the refractive-index distribution generated in the photorefractive crystal; and a device for controlling the control beam outputting device. Focus adjustment is thus made without moving the lens.
摘要:
A current limiting horn device for a transmission line supported by sets of insulators suspended from arms of steel towers. The device includes horns located respectively at charging and earthing portions of each set of the insulators and spaced horizontally apart a predetermined distance from a vertical axis of the set of the insulators. At least one of the horns is provided with an arrester element of a resistance having a non-linearity. According to the invention, a ratio Z/Zo of a distance Z between the horns to a total length Zo of the one set of insulators is not more than 0.5, thereby when extraordinary voltage caused by lightening surge is applied to the transmission line, securely causing flash-over between horns to prevent any earthing accident which would otherwise occur in the transmission line.
摘要:
The present invention provides an antibody which specifically recognizes an epitope containing a part of a domain based on a finding that the domain ranging from the 269- to 315-positions of human CD14 represented by SEQ ID NO:1 is a site capable of interacting with another protein, an antibodies provided. This antibody can inhibit the interaction between human CD14 and another protein and thus suppress cell activation. And also, the present invention provides hybridomas producing the above antibody or its fragment; a peptide containing the amino acids in the domain as specified above; a method of constructing an antibody with the use of this peptide as an immunogen; and a method of screening a medicament for sepsis involving the step of bringing a test substance into contact with CD14 and TLR.
摘要翻译:本发明提供了一种抗体,其特异性识别含有部分结构域的表位,基于以下发现:由SEQ ID NO:1表示的人CD14的269位至315位的结构域是能够与 另一种蛋白质,提供抗体。 该抗体可抑制人CD14与另一种蛋白质之间的相互作用,从而抑制细胞活化。 而且,本发明提供了产生上述抗体或其片段的杂交瘤; 含有如上所述的结构域中的氨基酸的肽; 使用该肽作为免疫原构建抗体的方法; 以及筛选涉及使测试物质与CD14和TLR接触的步骤的败血症药物的方法。
摘要:
The present invention provides a composition for the oral cavity that comprises a pine bark extract that is extracted from the bark of a pine. The composition for the oral cavity of the present invention can provide a plurality of effects such as an effect of improving blood flow in the mouth and an effect of reducing halitosis.