Abstract:
Polymers are made by polymerization, e.g. in bulk, solution, or aqueous media, in the presence of a catalyst comprising a salt of sulphinic acid with an organic base and optionally a percompound and an additional reducing agent. In bulk, preformed polymers, e.g. methyl methacrylate may be present. Specified monomers are styrene, acrylic and methacrylic acids, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate. The salts may be those of isoamylsulphinic acid, n-octylsulphinic acid, benzenesulphinic acid or p-toluenesulphinic acid with methylamine, diethylamine, dibutylamine, diisobutylamine, dihexylamine, trihexylamine, aniline, p-toluidine, piperidine, or phenyl hydrazine. Specified percompounds are hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulphate, dibenzoyl peroxide and p-chlorbenzoyl peroxide. Additional reducing agents mentioned are tertiary amines, aryalkyldialkyl amines such as phenyl-ethyl-dibutyl amine and phenyl-butyl-dibutyl amine, tertiary alkanolamines, such as dibutyl-monoethanol amine, butyl-diethanolamine and triethanolamine, and the catalysts mentioned in Specification 708,077. The polymers may be used in lacquers, adhesives, impregnants for fabrics, and moulded into safety glass, filters, spectacle lenses, artificial teeth and dental fillings.
Abstract:
Adhesive compositions comprise (1) at least one aliphatic ester of acrylic, methacrylic or ethacrylic acids in which the aliphatic radical contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms; (2) at least one unsaturated polyester resin; (3) at least one polyvinyl ether compatible with the polyester; and (4) a hardening catalyst. (1) may be methyl methacrylate or butyl methacrylate. (2) may be prepared from fumaric and maleic acids, optionally with adipic and phthalic acids, and glycol, optionally with hexanediol. (3) is preferably polyvinyl methyl ether. (4) may be an organic peroxide, e.g. benzoyl peroxide or dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, optionally with aromatic tertiary amines, e.g. dimethyl-p-toluidine, diethylol-p-toluidine and dipropylol-p-toluidine, or a -aminosulphones, e.g. N-benzyl-di-(p-tolylsulphone - methyl) - amine. Promoters, e.g. phenylethyl dibutylamine hydrochloride and copper naphthenate, and inhibitors, e.g. hydroquinone, may be added. The compositions may also contain other monomers, e.g. vinyl acetate, styrene and vinyl toluene, polymers, e.g. polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride and ketone-aldehyde resins, fillers, e.g. ground shale, barium sulphate and silica, and paraffins. The compositions may be stored in two parts before use, e.g. the bonding agent, and the hardener dispersed in a solvent or plasticizer, e.g. dibutyl or dioctyl phthalate. The compositions may be used for bonding metals, e.g. light metals, copper, zinc and iron, glass, porcelain and plastics.